Environmental Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Long-term exposure to air pollution and prevalent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","authors":"Clara Matthiessen, Lina Glaubitz, Sarah Lucht, Julia Kälsch, Tom Luedde, Raimund Erbel, Andreas Stang, Börge Schmidt, Scott L Friedman, Ali Canbay, Lars P Bechmann, Barbara Hoffmann","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000268","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease characterized by lipid accumulation within hepatocytes, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, in the absence of secondary causes of hepatic fat accumulation. Although air pollution (AP) has been associated with several conditions related to NAFLD (e.g., metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus), few studies have explored an association between AP and NAFLD. The aim of the study was to investigate whether exposure to AP is associated with NAFLD prevalence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used baseline cross-sectional data (2000-2003) of the Heinz-Nixdorf-Recall cohort study in Germany (baseline n = 4,814), a prospective population-based cohort study in the urbanized Ruhr Area. Mean annual exposure to size-fractioned particulate matter (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, PM_coarse, and PM_2.5abs), nitrogen dioxide, and particle number was assessed using two different exposure models: a chemistry transport dispersion model, which captures urban background AP exposure on a 1 km² grid at participant's residential addresses, and a land use regression model, which captures point-specific AP exposure at participant's residential addresses. NAFLD was assessed with the fatty liver index (n = 4,065), with NAFLD defined as fatty liver index ≥60. We estimated ORs of NAFLD per interquartile range of exposure using logistic regression, adjusted for socio-demographic and lifestyle variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a NAFLD prevalence of 31.7% (n = 1,288). All air pollutants were positively associated with NAFLD prevalence, with an OR per interquartile range for PM_2.5 of 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 1.24) using chemistry transport model, and 1.06 (95% CI = 0.94, 1.19) using the land use regression model, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a positive association between long-term AP exposure and NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/36/ee9-7-e268.PMC10569764.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The risk of pulmonary NTM infections and water-quality constituents among persons with cystic fibrosis in the United States, 2010-2019.","authors":"Ettie M Lipner,&nbsp;Joshua P French,&nbsp;Rachel A Mercaldo,&nbsp;Stephen Nelson,&nbsp;Adrian M Zelazny,&nbsp;Julia E Marshall,&nbsp;Michael Strong,&nbsp;Joseph O Falkinham,&nbsp;D Rebecca Prevots","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease varies geographically in the United States. Previous studies indicate that the presence of certain water-quality constituents in source water increases NTM infection risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify water-quality constituents that influence the risk of NTM pulmonary infection in persons with cystic fibrosis in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a population-based case-control study using NTM incidence data collected from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry during 2010-2019. We linked patient zip code to the county and associated patient county of residence with surface water data extracted from the Water Quality Portal. We used logistic regression models to estimate the odds of NTM infection as a function of water-quality constituents. We modeled two outcomes: pulmonary infection due to <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex (MAC) and <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 484 MAC cases, 222 <i>M. abscessus</i> cases and 2816 NTM-negative cystic fibrosis controls resident in 11 states. In multivariable models, we found that for every 1-standardized unit increase in the log concentration of sulfate and vanadium in surface water at the county level, the odds of infection increased by 39% and 21%, respectively, among persons with cystic fibrosis with MAC compared with cystic fibrosis-NTM-negative controls. When modeling <i>M. abscessus</i> as the dependent variable, every 1-standardized unit increase in the log concentration of molybdenum increased the odds of infection by 36%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that naturally occurring and anthropogenic water-quality constituents may influence the NTM abundance in water sources that supply municipal water systems, thereby increasing MAC and <i>M. abscessus</i> infection risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10569765/pdf/ee9-7-e266.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between timing in pregnancy of drought and excess rainfall, infant sex, and birthweight: Evidence from Nepal.","authors":"Nadia G Diamond-Smith, Adrienne Epstein, Marya G Zlatnik, Emily Treleaven","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000263","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Past research on the impact of climatic events, such as drought, on birth outcomes has primarily been focused in Africa, with less research in South Asia, including Nepal. Existing evidence has generally found that drought impacts birthweight and infant sex, with differences by trimester. Additionally, less research has looked at the impact of excess rain on birth outcomes or focused on the impact of rainfall extremes in the preconception period. Using data from a large demographic surveillance system in Nepal, combined with a novel measure of drought/excess rainfall, we explore the impact of these on birthweight by time in pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using survey data from the 2016 to 2019 Chitwan Valley Study in rural Nepal combined with data from Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Station, we explored the association between excess rainfall and drought and birthweight, looking at exposure in the preconception period, and by trimester of pregnancy. We also explore the impact of excess rainfall and drought on infant sex and delivery with a skilled birth attendant. We used multilevel regressions and explored for effect modification by maternal age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drought in the first trimester is associated with lower birthweight (<i>β</i> = -82.9 g; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 164.7, -1.2) and drought in the preconception period with a high likelihood of having a male (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.01). Excess rainfall in the first trimester is associated with high birthweight (<i>β</i> = 111.6 g; 95% CI = 20.5, 202.7) and higher odds of having a male (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.02, 2.16), and in the third trimester with higher odds of low birth weight (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 1.40, 4.45).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increasing rainfall extremes will likely impact birth outcomes and could have implications for sex ratios at birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/62/6c/ee9-7-e263.PMC10569756.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive effects of 10-year exposures to PM_2.5 and NO₂ and primary cancer incidence in American older adults.","authors":"Yaguang Wei,&nbsp;Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi,&nbsp;Tszshan Ma,&nbsp;Edgar Castro,&nbsp;Cristina Su Liu,&nbsp;Xinye Qiu,&nbsp;James Healy,&nbsp;Bryan N Vu,&nbsp;Cuicui Wang,&nbsp;Liuhua Shi,&nbsp;Joel Schwartz","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000265","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidemiologic evidence on the relationships between air pollution and the risks of primary cancers other than lung cancer remained largely lacking. We aimed to examine associations of 10-year exposures to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) with risks of breast, prostate, colorectal, and endometrial cancers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For each cancer, we constructed a separate cohort among the national Medicare beneficiaries during 2000 to 2016. We simultaneously examined the additive associations of six exposures, namely, moving average exposures to PM_2.5 and NO₂ over the year of diagnosis and previous 2 years, previous 3 to 5 years, and previous 6 to 10 years, with the risk of first cancer diagnosis after 10 years of follow-up, during which there was no cancer diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohorts included 2.2 to 6.5 million subjects for different cancers. Exposures to PM_2.5 and NO₂ were associated with increased risks of colorectal and prostate cancers but were not associated with endometrial cancer risk. NO₂ was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer, while the association for PM_2.5 remained inconclusive. At exposure levels below the newly updated World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline, we observed substantially larger associations between most exposures and the risks of all cancers, which were translated to hundreds to thousands new cancer cases per year within the cohort per unit increase in each exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggested substantial cancer burden was associated with exposures to PM_2.5 and NO₂, emphasizing the urgent need for strategies to mitigate air pollution levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10402937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9952068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and inflammatory biomarker concentrations.","authors":"Jana Palaniyandi,&nbsp;Jennifer E Bruin,&nbsp;Premkumari Kumarathasan,&nbsp;Susan MacPherson,&nbsp;Michael M Borghese,&nbsp;Jillian Ashley-Martin","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants that induce immunotoxicity in experimental studies; however, epidemiological evidence-particularly during pregnancy-is scarce. We quantified associations between first trimester plasma perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) concentrations and third trimester concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers and determined if these associations were modified by fetal sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 1411 participants, recruited between 2008 and 2011, in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals study. Our primary outcome was a composite inflammatory index derived by summing the z-scores of eight proinflammatory biomarkers. Using multivariable linear regression models, we quantified associations between each PFAS and the inflammatory index and individual biomarkers. We quantified the effects of the PFAS mixture using weighted quantile sum regression, and evaluated effect modification using product terms and sex-stratified models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each doubling of PFOA and PFHxS was associated with a 0.38 (95% CI, 0.09, 0.67) and 0.21 (95% CI, 0.01, 0.41) SD increase in the proinflammatory index, respectively. A one-quartile increase in the PFAS mixture was associated with a 0.40 (95% CI, 0.09, 0.71) SD increase in the proinflammatory index. In individual models, we observed positive associations between PFAS and concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, and matrix metalloproteinases-9; however, the magnitude and precision varied according to the specific PFAS. Sex-specific findings were identified in few PFAS-biomarker associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS, individually and as a mixture, were positively associated with proinflammatory biomarkers during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10403040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9952070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in greenspace associated with sleep duration among adolescent children in Southern California.","authors":"Charlie Zhong,&nbsp;Xiaozhe Yin,&nbsp;Masoud Fallah-Shorshani,&nbsp;Talat Islam,&nbsp;Rob McConnell,&nbsp;Scott Fruin,&nbsp;Meredith Franklin","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than half of adolescent children do not get the recommended 8 hours of sleep necessary for optimal growth and development. In adults, several studies have evaluated effects of urban stressors including lack of greenspace, air pollution, noise, nighttime light, and psychosocial stress on sleep duration. Little is known about these effects in adolescents, however, it is known that these exposures vary by socioeconomic status (SES). We evaluated the association between several environmental exposures and sleep in adolescent children in Southern California.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2010, a total of 1476 Southern California Children's Health Study (CHS) participants in grades 9 and 10 (mean age, 13.4 years; SD, 0.6) completed a questionnaire including topics on sleep and psychosocial stress. Exposures to greenspace, artificial light at night (ALAN), nighttime noise, and air pollution were estimated at each child's residential address, and SES was characterized by maternal education. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for sleep outcomes were estimated by environmental exposure, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, home secondhand smoke, and SES.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An interquartile range (IQR) increase in greenspace decreased the odds of not sleeping at least 8 hours (odds ratio [OR], 0.86 [95% CI, 0.71, 1.05]). This association was significantly protective in low SES participants (OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.60, 0.98]) but not for those with high SES (OR, 1.16 [95%CI, 0.80, 1.70]), interaction <i>P</i> = 0.03. Stress mediated 18.4% of the association among low SES participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Residing in urban neighborhoods of greater greenness was associated with improved sleep duration among children of low SES but not higher SES. These findings support the importance of widely reported disparities in exposure and access to greenspace in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10402945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10099843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic exposure to fine particles (PM_2.5) and mortality: Evidence from Chile.","authors":"Pablo Busch,&nbsp;Luis Abdón Cifuentes,&nbsp;Camila Cabrera","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many Chilean cities suffer from high air pollution from industrial, mobile, and residential wood-burning sources. Several studies have linked PM_2.5 air pollution exposure to higher mortality risk from cardiovascular, pulmonary, and lung cancer causes. In recent years, Chile has developed an extensive air pollution monitoring network to enforce air quality standards for PM_2.5, allowing the study of the medium-term association between PM_2.5 and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A negative binomial regression model was used to study the association between 3-year average PM_2.5 concentrations and age-adjusted mortality rates for 105 of the 345 municipalities in Chile. Models were fitted for all (ICD10 A to Q codes), cardiopulmonary (I and J), cardiovascular (I), pulmonary (J), cancer (C), and lung cancer (C33-C34) causes; controlling for meteorological, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant association of PM_2.5 exposure with cardiopulmonary (relative risk for 10 µg/m³ PM_2.5: 1.06; 95% confidence interval = 1.00, 1.13) and pulmonary (1.11; 1.02, 1.20) age-adjusted mortality rates was found. Cardiovascular (1.06; 0.99, 1.13) and all causes (1.02; 0.98, 1.07) were positive, but not significant. No significant association was found between cancer and lung cancer. The positive associations remained even when controlling for multiple confounding factors, model specifications, and when considering different methods for exposure characterization. These estimates are in line with results from cohort studies from the United States and European studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Three-year average PM_2.5 exposure is positively associated with the age-adjusted mortality rate for cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular causes in Chile. This provides evidence of the medium-term exposure effect of fine particles on long-term mortality rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c5/6f/ee9-7-e253.PMC10402952.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9943342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase in daily asthma medication sales in association with air pollution levels in Greater Stockholm.","authors":"Andreas Tornevi,&nbsp;Henrik Olstrup,&nbsp;Bertil Forsberg","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Daily air pollution levels are known to influence the number of patients with acute asthma. We investigated the short-term effects of air pollution exposure on the daily number of asthma medication purchases in the Greater Stockholm area, Sweden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a time-series study with data on asthma medication purchases and daily mean values of particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM₁₀), nitrogen oxides (NO_<i>x</i>), and ozone during 2018-2019. We used nonlinear distributed lag quasi-Poisson regression models to estimate the associations between air pollution levels and medication purchases, adjusting for meteorological variables, pollen levels, day of the week, and long-term trends. The models established linear relationships between air pollutants and the outcome, and potential delayed effects were smoothed with a spline across a lag period of 2 weeks. We applied separate models for each municipality (n = 21) in Greater Stockholm, and calculated pooled estimates to achieve combined results for the whole region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed associations between daily levels of air pollution and purchases of asthma medications, most clearly for PM₁₀. The pooled estimates of the relative risks for asthma medication purchases across all 21 municipalities associated with a 10 μg m^-3 increase in PM₁₀ the same day (lag 0) was 1.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2%, 2.1%], a cumulative increase of 4.6% (95% CI: 3.7%, 5.6%) over one week (lag 0-6), and a 6.5% (95% CI: 5%, 8%) increase over 2 weeks (lag 0-13). The corresponding pooled effect per 10 μg m^-3 increase in NO_<i>x</i> and ozone were 2.8% (95% CI: 1.6%, 4.1%) and 0.7% (95% CI: 0%, 1.4%) over 2 weeks (lag 0-13), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study revealed short-term associations between air pollution, especially PM₁₀, and purchases of asthma medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10403006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10323914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term exposure to low-concentration PM_2.5 and heart disease in older men in Perth, Australia: The Health in Men Study.","authors":"Joshua S Jones,&nbsp;Lee Nedkoff,&nbsp;Jane S Heyworth,&nbsp;Osvaldo P Almeida,&nbsp;Leon Flicker,&nbsp;Jonathan Golledge,&nbsp;Graeme J Hankey,&nbsp;Elizabeth H Lim,&nbsp;Mark Nieuwenhuijsen,&nbsp;Bu B Yeap,&nbsp;Michelle L Trevenen","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) is associated with increased risk of heart disease, but less is known about the relationship at low concentrations. This study aimed to determine the dose-response relationship between long-term PM_2.5 exposure and risk of incident ischemic heart disease (IHD), incident heart failure (HF), and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in older men living in a region with relatively low ambient air pollution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PM_2.5 exposure was estimated for 11,249 older adult males who resided in Perth, Western Australia and were recruited from 1996 to 1999. Participants were followed until 2018 for the HF and AF outcomes, and until 2017 for IHD. Cox-proportional hazards models, using age as the analysis time, and adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors were used. PM_2.5 was entered as a restricted cubic spline to model nonlinearity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a mean PM_2.5 concentration of 4.95 μg/m³ (SD 1.68 μg/m³) in the first year of recruitment. After excluding participants with preexisting disease and adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors, PM_2.5 exposure was associated with a trend toward increased incidence of IHD, HF, and AF, but none were statistically significant. At a PM_2.5 concentration of 7 μg/m³ the hazard ratio for incident IHD was 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.86, 1.25) compared with the reference category of 1 μg/m³.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We did not observe a significant association between long-term exposure to low-concentration PM_2.5 air pollution and IHD, HF, or AF.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/70/ee9-7-e255.PMC10402964.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10323909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of insurance status in the association between short-term temperature exposure and myocardial infarction hospitalizations in New York State.","authors":"Nina M Flores, Vivian Do, Sebastian T Rowland, Joan A Casey, Marianthi A Kioumourtzoglou","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000258","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and its risk increases with extreme temperatures. Climate change causes variability in weather patterns, including extreme temperature events that disproportionately affect socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. Many studies on the health effects of extreme temperatures have considered community-level socioeconomic disadvantage.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate effect modification of the relationship between short-term ambient temperature and MI, by individual-level insurance status (insured vs. uninsured).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified MI hospitalizations and insurance status across New York State (NYS) hospitals from 1995 to 2015 in the New York Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database, using <i>International Classification of Diseases</i> codes. We linked short-term ambient temperature (averaging the 6 hours preceding the event [MI hospitalization]) or nonevent control period in patient residential zip codes. We employed a time-stratified case-crossover study design for both insured and uninsured strata, and then compared the group-specific rate ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the study period, there were 1,095,051 primary MI admissions, 966,475 (88%) among insured patients. During extremely cold temperatures (<5.8 °C) insured patients experienced reduced rates of MI; this was not observed among the uninsured counterparts. At warmer temperatures starting at the 65th percentile (15.7 °C), uninsured patients had higher rates than insured patients (e.g., for a 6-hour pre-event average temperature increase from the median to the 75th percentile, the rate of MI increased was 2.0% [0.0%-4.0%] higher in uninsured group).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Uninsured individuals may face disproportionate rates of MI hospitalization during extreme temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6e/1d/ee9-7-e258.PMC10403039.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9943341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}