Environmental Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Pulmonary, inflammatory, and oxidative effects of indoor nitrogen dioxide in patients with COPD.","authors":"Erin G McHugh, Stephanie T Grady, Christina M Collins, Marilyn L Moy, Jaime E Hart, Brent A Coull, Joel D Schwartz, Petros Koutrakis, J Zhang, Eric Garshick","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000271","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) sources include gas heating, cooking, and infiltration from outdoors. Associations with pulmonary function, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 144 COPD patients at the VA Boston Healthcare System between 2012 and 2017. In-home NO₂ was measured using an Ogawa passive sampling badge for a week seasonally followed by measuring plasma biomarkers of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]), urinary oxidative stress biomarkers (8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG] and malondialdehyde [MDA]), and pre- and postbronchodilator spirometry. Linear mixed effects regression with a random intercept for each subject was used to assess associations with weekly NO₂. Effect modification by COPD severity and by body mass index (BMI) was examined using multiplicative interaction terms and stratum-specific effect estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median (25%ile, 75%ile) concentration of indoor NO2 was 6.8 (4.4, 11.2) ppb. There were no associations observed between NO₂ with CRP, 8-OHdG, or MDA. Although the confidence intervals were wide, there was a reduction in prebronchodilator FEV₁ and FVC among participants with more severe COPD (FEV₁: -17.36 mL; -58.35, 23.60 and FVC: -28.22 mL; -91.49, 35.07) that was greater than in patients with less severe COPD (FEV₁: -1.64 mL; -24.80, 21.57 and FVC: -6.22 mL; -42.16, 29.71). In participants with a BMI <30, there was a reduction in FEV₁ and FVC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low-level indoor NO₂ was not associated with systemic inflammation or oxidative stress. There was a suggestive association with reduced lung function among patients with more severe COPD and among patients with a lower BMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"7 5","pages":"e271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10569754/pdf/ee9-7-e271.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing heat effects on respiratory mortality and location characteristics as modifiers of heat effects at a small area scale in Central-Northern Europe.","authors":"Sofia Zafeiratou, Evangelia Samoli, Antonis Analitis, Antonio Gasparrini, Massimo Stafoggia, Francesca K De' Donato, Shilpa Rao, Siqi Zhang, Susanne Breitner, Pierre Masselot, Kristin Aunan, Alexandra Schneider, Klea Katsouyanni","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000269","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heat effects on respiratory mortality are known, mostly from time-series studies of city-wide data. A limited number of studies have been conducted at the national level or covering non-urban areas. Effect modification by area-level factors has not been extensively investigated. Our study assessed the heat effects on respiratory mortality at a small administrative area level in Norway, Germany, and England and Wales, in the warm period (May-September) within 1996-2018. Also, we examined possible effect modification by several area-level characteristics in the framework of the EU-Horizon2020 EXHAUSTION project.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Daily respiratory mortality counts and modeled air temperature data were collected for Norway, Germany, and England and Wales at a small administrative area level. The temperature-mortality association was assessed by small area-specific Poisson regression allowing for overdispersion, using distributed lag non-linear models. Estimates were pooled at the national level and overall using a random-effect meta-analysis. Age- and sex-specific models were also applied. A multilevel random-effects model was applied to investigate the modification of the heat effects by area-level factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A rise in temperature from the 75th to 99th percentile was associated with a 27% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 19%, 34%) increase in respiratory mortality, with higher effects for females. Increased population density and PM_2.5 concentrations were associated with stronger heat effects on mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study strengthens the evidence of adverse heat effects on respiratory mortality in Northern Europe by identifying vulnerable subgroups and subregions. This may contribute to the development of targeted policies for adaptation to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"7 5","pages":"e269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10569755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Additive effects of 10-year exposures to PM_2.5 and NO₂ and primary cancer incidence in American older adults: Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000270","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000265.].</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"7 5","pages":"e270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/63/20/ee9-7-e270.PMC10569761.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term exposure to air pollution and prevalent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","authors":"Clara Matthiessen, Lina Glaubitz, Sarah Lucht, Julia Kälsch, Tom Luedde, Raimund Erbel, Andreas Stang, Börge Schmidt, Scott L Friedman, Ali Canbay, Lars P Bechmann, Barbara Hoffmann","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000268","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease characterized by lipid accumulation within hepatocytes, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, in the absence of secondary causes of hepatic fat accumulation. Although air pollution (AP) has been associated with several conditions related to NAFLD (e.g., metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus), few studies have explored an association between AP and NAFLD. The aim of the study was to investigate whether exposure to AP is associated with NAFLD prevalence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used baseline cross-sectional data (2000-2003) of the Heinz-Nixdorf-Recall cohort study in Germany (baseline n = 4,814), a prospective population-based cohort study in the urbanized Ruhr Area. Mean annual exposure to size-fractioned particulate matter (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, PM_coarse, and PM_2.5abs), nitrogen dioxide, and particle number was assessed using two different exposure models: a chemistry transport dispersion model, which captures urban background AP exposure on a 1 km² grid at participant's residential addresses, and a land use regression model, which captures point-specific AP exposure at participant's residential addresses. NAFLD was assessed with the fatty liver index (n = 4,065), with NAFLD defined as fatty liver index ≥60. We estimated ORs of NAFLD per interquartile range of exposure using logistic regression, adjusted for socio-demographic and lifestyle variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a NAFLD prevalence of 31.7% (n = 1,288). All air pollutants were positively associated with NAFLD prevalence, with an OR per interquartile range for PM_2.5 of 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 1.24) using chemistry transport model, and 1.06 (95% CI = 0.94, 1.19) using the land use regression model, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a positive association between long-term AP exposure and NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"7 5","pages":"e268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/36/ee9-7-e268.PMC10569764.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The risk of pulmonary NTM infections and water-quality constituents among persons with cystic fibrosis in the United States, 2010-2019.","authors":"Ettie M Lipner,&nbsp;Joshua P French,&nbsp;Rachel A Mercaldo,&nbsp;Stephen Nelson,&nbsp;Adrian M Zelazny,&nbsp;Julia E Marshall,&nbsp;Michael Strong,&nbsp;Joseph O Falkinham,&nbsp;D Rebecca Prevots","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease varies geographically in the United States. Previous studies indicate that the presence of certain water-quality constituents in source water increases NTM infection risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify water-quality constituents that influence the risk of NTM pulmonary infection in persons with cystic fibrosis in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a population-based case-control study using NTM incidence data collected from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry during 2010-2019. We linked patient zip code to the county and associated patient county of residence with surface water data extracted from the Water Quality Portal. We used logistic regression models to estimate the odds of NTM infection as a function of water-quality constituents. We modeled two outcomes: pulmonary infection due to <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex (MAC) and <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 484 MAC cases, 222 <i>M. abscessus</i> cases and 2816 NTM-negative cystic fibrosis controls resident in 11 states. In multivariable models, we found that for every 1-standardized unit increase in the log concentration of sulfate and vanadium in surface water at the county level, the odds of infection increased by 39% and 21%, respectively, among persons with cystic fibrosis with MAC compared with cystic fibrosis-NTM-negative controls. When modeling <i>M. abscessus</i> as the dependent variable, every 1-standardized unit increase in the log concentration of molybdenum increased the odds of infection by 36%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that naturally occurring and anthropogenic water-quality constituents may influence the NTM abundance in water sources that supply municipal water systems, thereby increasing MAC and <i>M. abscessus</i> infection risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"7 5","pages":"e266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10569765/pdf/ee9-7-e266.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between timing in pregnancy of drought and excess rainfall, infant sex, and birthweight: Evidence from Nepal.","authors":"Nadia G Diamond-Smith, Adrienne Epstein, Marya G Zlatnik, Emily Treleaven","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000263","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Past research on the impact of climatic events, such as drought, on birth outcomes has primarily been focused in Africa, with less research in South Asia, including Nepal. Existing evidence has generally found that drought impacts birthweight and infant sex, with differences by trimester. Additionally, less research has looked at the impact of excess rain on birth outcomes or focused on the impact of rainfall extremes in the preconception period. Using data from a large demographic surveillance system in Nepal, combined with a novel measure of drought/excess rainfall, we explore the impact of these on birthweight by time in pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using survey data from the 2016 to 2019 Chitwan Valley Study in rural Nepal combined with data from Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Station, we explored the association between excess rainfall and drought and birthweight, looking at exposure in the preconception period, and by trimester of pregnancy. We also explore the impact of excess rainfall and drought on infant sex and delivery with a skilled birth attendant. We used multilevel regressions and explored for effect modification by maternal age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drought in the first trimester is associated with lower birthweight (<i>β</i> = -82.9 g; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 164.7, -1.2) and drought in the preconception period with a high likelihood of having a male (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.01). Excess rainfall in the first trimester is associated with high birthweight (<i>β</i> = 111.6 g; 95% CI = 20.5, 202.7) and higher odds of having a male (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.02, 2.16), and in the third trimester with higher odds of low birth weight (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 1.40, 4.45).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increasing rainfall extremes will likely impact birth outcomes and could have implications for sex ratios at birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"7 5","pages":"e263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/62/6c/ee9-7-e263.PMC10569756.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41233374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposomic determinants of immune-mediated diseases","authors":"J. Laiho, O. Laitinen, Johannes Malkamäki, L. Puustinen, A. Sinkkonen, J. Pärkkä, H. Hyöty","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000212","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) is increasing rapidly in the developed countries constituting a huge medical, economic, and societal challenge. The exposome plays an important role since genetic factors cannot explain such a rapid change. In the Human Exposomic Determinants of Immune Mediated Diseases (HEDIMED) project, altogether 22 academic and industrial partners join their multidisciplinary forces to identify exposomic determinants that are driving the IMD epidemic. The project is based on a combination of data and biological samples from large clinical cohorts constituting about 350,000 pregnant women, 30,000 children prospectively followed from birth, and 7,000 children from cross-sectional studies. HEDIMED focuses on common chronic IMDs that cause a significant disease burden, including type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, allergy, and asthma. Exposomic disease determinants and the underlying biological pathways will be identified by an exploratory approach using advanced omics and multiplex technologies combined with cutting-edge data mining technologies. Emphasis is put on fetal and childhood exposome since the IMD disease processes start early. Inclusion of several IMDs makes it possible to identify common exposomic determinants for the diseases, thus facilitating the development of widely operating preventive and curative treatments. HEDIMED includes data and samples from birth cohorts and clinical trials that have used exposomic interventions and cell and organ culture models to identify mechanisms of the observed associations. Importantly, HEDIMED generates a toolbox that offers science-based functional tools for key stakeholders to control the IMD epidemic. Altogether, HEDIMED aims at innovations, which become widely exploited in diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive, and health economic approaches.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46090956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden deaths due to accidental leakage of Lindane from a storage tank in a village, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2020","authors":"P. Jain, Amit Kapoor, P. Rubeshkumar, Mohankumar Raju, Bency Joseph, P. Bhat, P. Ganeshkumar, C. Kesavachandran, D. Patel, N. Manickam, P. Kaur","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000213","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chemical leakages cause devastating health effects on humans. On 6 February 2020, seven deaths were reported following a hazardous chemical leakage in a village in Uttar Pradesh, India. We investigated the event to identify the cause and propose recommendations. Methods: We defined a case as sudden onset of breathlessness, headache, or death in the village, 6–7 February 2020. We conducted a house-to-house case search and calculated attack rate (AR) and case-fatality rate (CFR) by age and gender. We conducted an environmental investigation at the leakage site and sent the chemicals for forensic analysis. We obtained the cause of death through autopsy reports. Results: Out of 2,942 residents, we identified 23 cases (AR = 8/1,000) and seven deaths (CFR = 30%). The median age of the case was 42 years (range, 2–64 years). The AR was higher among males (14/1,000 [19/1,402]). All the 23 case-patients who were sleeping at the chemical leakage site or visited to witness the event developed symptoms, and all seven cases who were sleeping within 150 meters of the leakage site died. The environmental investigation revealed leakage of hazardous substances from the storage tank. Toxicology analysis confirmed the leaked chemical as Lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane), and autopsy reports confirmed the cause of death as asphyxia. Conclusions: Asphyxia following the leakage of Lindane from the storage tank possibly led to sudden deaths. We recommend using leak-proof tanks to ensure safe storage and disposal, law enforcement, and regulations to prevent people from staying close to chemical storage sites.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48017334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal exposure to multiple organochlorine compounds and childhood body mass index.","authors":"Elena Colicino, Katerina Margetaki, Damaskini Valvi, Nicolo Foppa Pedretti, Nikos Stratakis, Marina Vafeiadi, Theano Roumeliotaki, Soterios A Kyrtopoulos, Hannu Kiviranta, Euripides G Stephanou, Manolis Kogevinas, Rob McConnell, Kiros T Berhane, Leda Chatzi, David V Conti","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000201","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prenatal exposure to organochlorine compounds (OCs) has been associated with increased childhood body mass index (BMI); however, only a few studies have focused on longitudinal BMI trajectories, and none of them used multiple exposure mixture approaches.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the association between <i>in-utero</i> exposure to eight OCs and childhood BMI measures (BMI and BMI z-score) at 4 years and their yearly change across 4-12 years of age in 279 Rhea child-mother dyads.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied three approaches: (1) linear mixed-effect regressions (LMR) to associate individual compounds with BMI measures; (2) Bayesian weighted quantile sum regressions (BWQSR) to provide an overall OC mixture association with BMI measures; and (3)Bayesian varying coefficient kernel machine regressions (BVCKMR) to model nonlinear and nonadditive associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the LMR, yearly change of BMI measures was consistently associated with a quartile increase in hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (estimate [95% Confidence or Credible interval] BMI: 0.10 [0.06, 0.14]; BMI z-score: 0.02 [0.01, 0.04]). BWQSR results showed that a quartile increase in mixture concentrations was associated with yearly increase of BMI measures (BMI: 0.10 [0.01, 0.18]; BMI z-score: 0.03 [0.003, 0.06]). In the BVCKMR, a quartile increase in dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene concentrations was associated with higher BMI measures at 4 years (BMI: 0.33 [0.24, 0.43]; BMI z-score: 0.19 [0.15, 0.24]); whereas a quartile increase in HCB and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)-118 levels was positively associated with BMI measures yearly change (BMI: HCB:0.10 [0.07, 0.13], PCB-118:0.08 [0.04, 012]; BMI z-score: HCB:0.03 [0.02, 0.05], PCB-118:0.02 [0.002,04]). BVCKMR suggested that PCBs had nonlinear relationships with BMI measures, and HCB interacted with other compounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All analyses consistently demonstrated detrimental associations between prenatal OC exposures and childhood BMI measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"66 3","pages":"e201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9187184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41304130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is maternal employment site a source of exposure misclassification in studies of environmental exposures and birth outcomes? A simulation-based bias analysis of haloacetic acids in tap water and hypospadias.","authors":"Ibrahim Zaganjor, Alexander P Keil, Thomas J Luben, Tania A Desrosiers, Lawrence S Engel, Jennita Reefhuis, Adrian M Michalski, Peter H Langlois, Andrew F Olshan","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000207","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In population research, exposure to environmental contaminants is often indirectly assessed by linking residence to geocoded databases of environmental exposures. We explored the potential for misclassification of residence-based environmental exposure as a result of not accounting for the workplace environments of employed pregnant women using data from a National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) analysis of drinking water haloacetic acids and hypospadias.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The original analysis used NBDPS data from women with haloacetic acid exposure information in eight states who delivered an infant with second- or third-degree hypospadias (cases) or a male infant without a birth defect (controls) between 2000 and 2005. In this bias analysis, we used a uniform distribution to randomly select 11%-14% of employed women that were assumed to change municipal water systems between home and work and imputed new contaminant exposures for tap water beverages consumed at work among the selected women using resampled values from the control population. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between hypospadias and haloacetic acid ingestion with the same covariates and exposure cut-points as the original study. We repeated this process across 10,000 iterations and then completed a sensitivity analysis of an additional 10,000 iterations where we expanded the uniform distribution (i.e., 0%, 28%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both simulations, the average results of the 10,000 iterations were nearly identical to those of the initial study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that household estimates may be sufficient proxies for worksite exposures to haloacetic acids in tap water.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"6 1","pages":"e207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9005252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44229329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}