Environmental Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Who is living near different types of US Superfund sites: A latent class analysis considering site contaminant profiles.","authors":"Brittany A Trottier, Andrew Olshan, Jessie K Edwards, Lawrence S Engel, Hazel B Nichols, Alexandra J White","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000363","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Millions of people in the United States live near Superfund sites and may be exposed to hazardous chemicals from those sites. However, there is limited research on chemicals present at sites and the demographics of nearby communities. We aimed to identify subgroups of Superfund sites with similar contaminant profiles and evaluate whether sociodemographic characteristics vary by type of site.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund data to identify sites active in the year 2000. Census tract centroids located within 3 miles of every Superfund site were identified and a weighted average of census tract-level sociodemographics using the 2000 US Census was calculated. Superfund sites with similar contaminant profiles were identified using latent class analysis. We compared the median sociodemographic characteristics, overall and by contaminant latent class, with those of the overall 2000 US Census.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified seven latent classes based on 12 contaminant categories from 1332 Superfund sites active in 2000. Overall, there were few differences in sociodemographics observed by the presence of any Superfund site compared with the overall US Census. After stratifying by contaminant profile, we observed evidence of disparities for two classes of sites, defined by (1) high diversity of chemical exposure and lumber industry and (2) batteries and metals, which were more likely to have higher hazard scores and to be near communities with higher proportions of non-White individuals, lower socioeconomic status, and higher social vulnerability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Disadvantaged communities, with higher social vulnerability, were more likely to be near certain Superfund sites with higher hazard scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"9 1","pages":"e363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11793257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between injury occurrence and environmental temperatures in the Australian and German professional football leagues.","authors":"Edgar Schwarz, Rob Duffield, Donna Lu, Hugh Fullagar, Karen Aus der Fünten, Sabrina Skorski, Tobias Tröß, Abed Hadji, Tim Meyer","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000364","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A cross-sectional analysis was performed to investigate associations between environmental temperatures and injury occurrence in two professional male football (soccer) leagues. Data from seven seasons of the German Bundesliga (2142 matches) and four seasons of the Australian A-League (470 matches) were included. Injuries were collated via media reports for the Bundesliga and via team staff reports in the A-League and comprised injury incidence, mechanisms (contact, noncontact), locations (e.g., ankle, knee, and thigh), and types (e.g., muscle and tendon, joint and ligament). Weather data included ambient air temperature (temperature or T) and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), which were collected from online sources retrospectively. Generalized linear mixed models were analyzed to examine associations between temperature or WBGT and injury occurrence for each league, respectively. Additionally, matches were grouped into categories of 5°C temperature steps to compare for injury occurrence. Results showed no relationship existed between either temperature or WBGT and any injury occurrence, mechanisms, locations or types for the Bundesliga (<i>P</i> > 0.10). A trend for an increase in injury occurrence in higher WBGT existed in the A-League (<i>P</i> = 0.05). Comparisons between 5°C temperature categories showed no significant differences for injury occurrence for either temperature or WBGT in either League (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Within the observed temperature ranges (-11.2 to 37.1°C T; -12.2 to 29.6°C WBGT) environmental temperature had no relationship with the rate or type of injury occurrence in professional football. Nevertheless, the number of matches at extreme heat within this study was limited and other factors (e.g., playing intensity, season stage, ground conditions) likely co-influence the relationship with injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"9 1","pages":"e364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial residential segregation is associated with ambient air pollution exposure after adjustment for multilevel sociodemographic factors: Evidence from eight US-based cohorts.","authors":"Hiwot Y Zewdie, Carolyn A Fahey, Anna L Harrington, Jaime E Hart, Mary L Biggs, Leslie A McClure, Eric A Whitsel, Joel D Kaufman, Anjum Hajat","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000367","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined if racial residential segregation (RRS) - a fundamental cause of disease - is independently associated with air pollution after accounting for other neighborhood and individual-level sociodemographic factors, to better understand its potential role as a confounder of air pollution-health studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compiled data from eight large cohorts, restricting to non-Hispanic Black and White urban-residing participants observed at least once between 1999 and 2005. We used 2000 decennial census data to derive a spatial RRS measure (divergence index) and neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) index for participants' residing Census tracts, in addition to participant baseline data, to examine associations between RRS and sociodemographic factors (NSES, education, race) and residential exposure to spatiotemporal model-predicted PM_2.5 and NO₂ levels. We fit random-effects meta-analysis models to pool estimates across adjusted cohort-specific multilevel models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analytic sample included eligible participants in CHS (N = 3,605), MESA (4,785), REGARDS (22,649), NHS (90,415), NHSII (91,654), HPFS (32,625), WHI-OS (77,680), and WHI-CT (56,639). In adjusted univariate models, a quartile higher RRS was associated with 3.73% higher PM_2.5 exposure (95% CI: 2.14%, 5.32%), and an 11.53% higher (95% CI: 10.83%, 12.22%) NO₂ exposure on average. In fully adjusted models, higher RRS was associated with 3.25% higher PM_2.5 exposure (95% CI: 1.45%, 5.05%; <i>P</i> < 0.05) and 10.22% higher NO₂ exposure (95% CI: 6.69%, 13.74%; <i>P</i> < 0.001) on average.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that RRS is associated with the differential distribution of poor air quality independent of NSES or individual race, suggesting it may be a relevant confounder to be considered in future air pollution epidemiology studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"9 1","pages":"e367"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational exposure to PM_2.5, NO₂, and sex steroid hormones: Identifying critical windows of exposure in the Rochester UPSIDE Cohort.","authors":"Mariah Kahwaji, Luke Duttweiler, Sally W Thurston, Donald Harrington, Richard K Miller, Susan K Murphy, Christina Wang, Jessica Brunner, Yihui Ge, Yan Lin, Philip K Hopke, Thomas G O'Connor, Junfeng J Zhang, David Q Rich, Emily S Barrett","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000361","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sex steroid hormones are critical for maintaining pregnancy and optimal fetal development. Air pollutants are potential endocrine disruptors that may disturb sex steroidogenesis during pregnancy, potentially leading to adverse health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Understanding Pregnancy Signals and Infant Development pregnancy cohort (Rochester, NY), sex steroid concentrations were collected at study visits in early-, mid-, and late-pregnancy in 299 participants. Since these visits varied by the gestational age at blood draw, values were imputed at 14, 22, and 30 weeks gestation. Daily NO₂ and PM_2.5 concentrations were estimated using random forest models, with daily concentrations from each 1-km² grid containing the subject's residence. Associations between gestational week mean NO₂ and PM_2.5 concentrations and sex steroid concentrations were examined utilizing distributed lag nonlinear models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each interquartile range (IQR = 9 ppb) increase in NO₂ during weeks 0-5 was associated with higher early-pregnancy total testosterone levels (cumulative β = 0.45 ln[ng/dl]; 95% CI = 0.07, 0.83), while each IQR increase in NO₂ during weeks 12-14 was associated with lower early-pregnancy total testosterone levels (cumulative β = -0.27 ln[ng/dl]; 95% CI = -0.53, -0.01). Similar NO₂ increases during gestational weeks 0-14 were associated with higher late-pregnancy estradiol concentrations (cumulative β = 0.29 ln[pg/ml]; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.49), while each IQR increase in NO₂ concentrations during gestational weeks 22-30 was associated with lower late-pregnancy estradiol concentrations (cumulative β = -0.18 ln[pg/ml]; 95% CI = -0.34, -0.02). No associations with PM_2.5 were observed, except for an IQR increase in PM_2.5 concentrations (IQR = 4 µg/m³) during gestational weeks 5-11 which was associated with lower late-pregnancy estriol levels (cumulative β = -0.16 ln[ng/ml]; 95% CI = -0.31, -0.00).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Residential NO₂ exposure was associated with altered sex steroid hormone concentrations during pregnancy with some indication of potential compensatory mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"9 1","pages":"e361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between neonicotinoids and inflammation in US adults using hematological indices: NHANES 2015-2016.","authors":"Amruta M Godbole, Aimin Chen, Ann M Vuong","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000358","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Toxicological studies suggest neonicotinoids increase oxidative stress and inflammation, but few epidemiological studies have explored these effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016 data were used to estimate associations between neonicotinoid exposure and inflammatory markers, including the C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte count ratio (CLR), monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR (dNLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) using linear and multinomial logistic regression models. Sex was evaluated as a potential modifier.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Detection of any parent neonicotinoid (<i>β</i> = -0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.98, -0.26) and imidacloprid (<i>β</i> = -0.48, 95% CI = -0.87, -0.10) was associated with decreased CLR. Clothianidin was linked to reduced MLR (<i>β</i> = -0.04, 95% CI = -0.07, -0.02), but increased lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (<i>β</i> = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.27, 0.77). Higher dNLR (<i>β</i> = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.26, 1.43) was noted with detection of any neonicotinoid metabolite. Moderately high PLR was observed with detection of any neonicotinoid metabolite (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.27, 2.09) or 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid (RRR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.40, 3.41). Sex-modified analyses showed positive associations in males and inverse associations in females for MHR (<i>P</i> _<i>int</i> = 0.099, clothianidin), PLR (<i>P</i> _<i>int</i> = 0.026, clothianidin), and SII (<i>P</i> _<i>int</i> = 0.056, any parent neonicotinoid; <i>P</i> _<i>int</i> = 0.002, clothianidin), while the opposite pattern was noted with CLR (<i>P</i> _<i>int</i> = 0.073, any parent neonicotinoid) and NLR (<i>P</i> _<i>int</i> = 0.084, clothianidin).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neonicotinoids may be associated with inflammatory changes, with potential sexual dimorphism. Further studies are required to explore these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"9 1","pages":"e358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine particulate matter and nonaccidental and cause-specific mortality: Do associations vary by exposure assessment method?","authors":"Jochem O Klompmaker, Peter James, Joel D Kaufman, Joel Schwartz, Jeff D Yanosky, Jaime E Hart, Francine Laden","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000357","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is considerable heterogeneity in fine particulate matter (PM_2.5)-mortality associations between studies, potentially due to differences in exposure assessment methods. Our aim was to evaluate associations of PM_2.5 predicted from different models with nonaccidental and cause-specific mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We followed 107,906 participants of the Nurses' Health Study cohort from 2001 to 2016. PM_2.5 concentrations were estimated from spatiotemporal models developed by researchers at the University of Washington (UW), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health (HSPH). We calculated 12-month moving average concentrations and we used time-varying Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 30,242 nonaccidental deaths in 1,435,098 person-years. We observed high correlations and similar temporal trends between the PM_2.5 predictions. We found no associations of UW, PSU, or HSPH PM_2.5 with nonaccidental mortality, but suggestive positive associations with cancer, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease mortality. There were small differences in HRs between the PM_2.5 predictions. All three predictions showed the strongest associations with cancer mortality: HRs (95% confidence interval, expressed per 5 µg/m³ increase) were 1.06 (1.01, 1.12) for UW, 1.08 (1.03, 1.13) for PSU, and 1.05 (1.00, 1.10) for HSPH. In a subset restricted to participants who were always exposed to PM_2.5 below 12 µg/m³, we observed positive associations with nonaccidental mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found that differences between PM_2.5 exposure assessment methods could lead to minor differences in strengths of associations between PM_2.5 and cause-specific mortality in a population of US female nurses.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"9 1","pages":"e357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11666157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine particulate matter and intima media thickness: Role of endothelial function biomarkers.","authors":"Rocio Torrico-Lavayen, Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez, Citlalli Osorio-Yáñez, Marco Sanchez-Guerra, José Luis Texcalac-Sangrador, Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo, Andrea De Vizcaya-Ruiz, Viridiana Botello-Taboada, Elihu Alexander Hernández-Rodríguez, Iván Gutiérrez-Avila, Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón, Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000356","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis disease. We aimed to assess whether nitric oxide stable metabolites (NOx) and l-arginine mediate the association between PM_2.5 and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) increase.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected 251 participants from the control group of GEA (Genetics of Atheroslerosis Disease Mexican) study (2008-2013) in Mexico City. Mediation models were carried out using pathway analyses, a special case of structural equation models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median concentration of PM_2.5 area under the curve (auc) was 25.2 µg/m³ (interquartile range: 24.2-26.4 µg/m³). Employing participants with observed values for both biomarkers (n = 117), the total effect of PM_2.5auc on mean cIMT at bilateral, right, and left was 19.27 µm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.77, 32.78; <i>P</i> value = 0.005), 12.69 µm (95% CI: 0.67, 24.71; <i>P</i> value = 0.039), and 25.86 µm (95% CI: 3.18, 48.53; <i>P</i> value = 0.025) per each 1 µg/m³ increase of PM_2.5auc. The direct effect of PM_2.5auc (per 1 µg/m³ increase) was 18.89 µm (95% CI: 5.37, 32.41; <i>P</i> value = 0.006) for bilateral, 13.65 µm (95% CI: 0.76, 26.55; <i>P</i> value = 0.038) for right, and 24.13 µm (95% CI: 3.22, 45.03; <i>P</i> value = 0.024) for left. The indirect effects of NOx and l-arginine were not statistically significant showing that endothelial function biomarkers did not mediate PM_2.5 and cIMT associations. Although l-arginine was not a mediator in the PM_2.5 and cIMT pathway, a decrease in l-arginine was significantly associated with PM_2.5auc.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study of adults from Mexico City, we found that PM_2.5 was associated with an increase in cIMT at bilateral, left, and right, and these associations were not mediated by endothelial function biomarkers (l-arginine and NOx).</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"8 6","pages":"e356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11596520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing research on greenspace and climate-sensitive adverse birth outcomes for equity and impact.","authors":"Nazeeba Siddika, Carina J Gronlund, Alexis J Handal, Marie S O'Neill","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000353","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental epidemiologists are increasingly evaluating whether and how human exposure to vegetation (greenspace) can benefit health. Relatedly, scientists and policymakers have highlighted the need to integrate efforts to address the dual crises of accelerating climate change and rapid loss of biodiversity, including nature-based solutions. Greenspace is one solution that can protect humans from climate-related exposures, including heat, air pollution, and flooding. However, most environmental epidemiology research on greenspace occurs in high-income countries, and adverse birth outcomes, previously associated with greenspace, disproportionately occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although epidemiology research using existing survey or administrative data and satellite imagery is important for documenting broad patterns, such research is lacking in LMICs. Further, complementary, community-engaged research to inform interventions and policies is needed so that nature-based solutions with co-benefits for climate mitigation and health are adopted effectively and equitably. We provide suggestions for future research that would increase impact and call for better representation of LMICs and vulnerable communities within high-income countries in research and action on greenspace and climate-sensitive birth outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"8 6","pages":"e353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of seasonally available global positioning systems-derived walkability and objectively measured sleep in the Nurses' Health Study 3 Mobile Health Substudy.","authors":"Cindy R Hu, Grete E Wilt, Charlotte Roscoe, Hari S Iyer, William H Kessler, Francine Laden, Jorge E Chavarro, Brent Coull, Susan Redline, Peter James, Jaime E Hart","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000348","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep is influenced by the environments that we experience while awake and while asleep. Neighborhood walkability has been linked with chronic disease and lifestyle factors, such as physical activity; however, evidence for the association between walkability and sleep is mixed. Extant studies assign walkability based on residential addresses, which does not account for mobility. We examined the association between walkability and sleep in the Nurses' Health Study 3 (NHS3) Mobile Health Substudy (MHS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2018 to 2020, individuals in the United States-based NHS3 prospective cohort participated in the MHS, in which minute-level global positioning systems (GPS) data and objective sleep duration and efficiency measures were collected via a custom smartphone application and Fitbit, respectively, for four 7-day periods across a year to capture seasonal variability. Census tract walkability was calculated by summing <i>z</i>-scores of population density (2015-2019 American Community Survey), business density (2018 Infogroup), and intersection density (2018 TIGER/Line road shapefiles). We ran generalized additive mixed models with penalized splines to estimate the association between walkability and sleep, adjusting for individual-level covariates as well as GPS-based exposure to environmental and contextual factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average main sleep period duration was 7.9 hours and the mean sleep efficiency was 93%. For both sleep duration and sleep efficiency, we did not observe an association with daily average walkability exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study of women across the United States, we found that daily GPS-based neighborhood walkability exposure during wake time was not associated with objective wearable-derived sleep duration or sleep efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"8 6","pages":"e348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11469837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and early-onset female breast cancer in a case-control study in Ontario, Canada.","authors":"Claudia M Waddingham, Patrick Hinton, Paul J Villeneuve, Jeffrey R Brook, Eric Lavigne, Kristian Larsen, Will D King, Deyong Wen, Jun Meng, Junhua Zhang, Elisabeth Galarneau, Shelley A Harris","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000333","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of toxicologically important and understudied air pollutants. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that chronic exposure to PAHs increases breast cancer risk; however, there are few studies in nonoccupational settings that focus on early-onset diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The relationship between residentially-based ambient PAH concentrations and female breast cancer, among those 18-45 years of age, was characterized in the Ontario Environment and Health Study (OEHS). The OEHS was a population-based case-control study undertaken in Ontario, Canada between 2013 and 2015. Primary incident breast cancers were identified within 3 months of diagnosis, and a population-based series of controls were recruited. Concentrations of ambient PAHs, using fluoranthene as a surrogate, were derived using a chemical transport model at a 2.5 km spatial resolution. These estimates were assigned to participants' residences at the time of the interview and 5 years prior. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on a quartile categorization of fluoranthene exposure while adjusting for a series of individual- and area-level risk factors. The shape of the exposure-response trend was evaluated using cubic splines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median fluoranthene exposure for cases and controls was 0.0017 µg/m³ and 0.0014 µg/m³, respectively. In models adjusted for a parsimonious set of risk factors, the highest quartile of exposure was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.22, 3.84). Restricted spline analyses revealed nonlinear dose-response patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the hypothesis that ambient PAH exposures increases the risk of early-onset breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"8 5","pages":"e333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11463212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}