Environmental Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Clean beauty gentrification: The role of historic and contemporary resource allocation practices on hair product safety in Boston, MA.","authors":"Marissa Chan, Marlee R Quinn, Derek Shyr, Katherine Van Woert, Jackeline Morales, William H Kessler, Loni Philip Tabb, Gary Adamkiewicz, Tamarra James-Todd","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000445","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Personal care products are a well-documented source of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Differences in exposure to EDCs are reported, with Black women more commonly using products, such as hair products, containing EDCs. Our previous work identified differences in access to safer hair products between neighborhoods in Boston, Massachusetts; however, limited research has explored what may be driving these differences. Redlining and gentrification are two resource allocation practices that may impact neighborhood-level access to health-promoting services and goods, including access to safer hair products.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined if there is an association between historic and contemporary practices related to resource allocation (i.e., historic redlining and gentrification) with hair product safety (i.e., containing EDCs and other chemicals of concern) among the neighborhoods in Boston, Massachusetts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We randomly selected and visited 117 stores in Boston to collect data on hair product availability and safety. We used the Environmental Working Group's (EWG) Skin Deep database to evaluate hair product safety through hazard categories (low, moderate, or high). We collected data on historic and contemporary factors at the census tract level (redlining and gentrification). The associations between the historic and contemporary factors and EWG hazard categories were examined using multinomial logistic regressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 39,421 hair products were cataloged in Boston, Massachusetts. Stores in previously Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) graded C and D-not gentrified areas had increased access to high-hazard hair products (risk ratio [RR] HOLC C = 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9, 1.4, RR HOLC D = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.7). Decreased access to low-hazard hair products was reported among stores in HOLC D-gentrified or intensely gentrified (RR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5, 1.1), HOLC C-not gentrified (RR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5, 1.0), and HOLC D-not gentrified areas (RR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.4, 0.8).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Differences in access to safer hair products were reported when examining the impacts of both redlining and gentrification. Our findings present evidence of the role of historic and contemporary resource allocation practices on current-day neighborhood-level safer hair product accessibility, which may have potential downstream health consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"10 1","pages":"e445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12803713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145988701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particulate matter levels and children's lung function in a rural cohort near a drying saline lake.","authors":"Fangqi Guo, Elizabeth M Kamai, Sandrah P Eckel, Dayane Duenas Barahona, Luis Olmedo, Esther Bejarano, Christian Torres, Christopher Zuidema, Edmund Seto, Shohreh F Farzan, Jill E Johnston","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000455","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The drying Salton Sea in California is a growing source of wind-blown dust, raising particulate matter (PM) levels in surrounding areas. The impacts of these exposures on children's lung function remain poorly understood. We examined the relationship between PM levels and lung function in children near the Salton Sea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 491 children (mean age: 10.2 years), who were followed over ~1.5 years, contributing 1,269 lung function assessments. Forced expiratory volume in the first second of exhalation (FEV₁) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured using a commercial spirometer. Average PM concentrations were estimated for 3 and 12 months preceding each spirometry assessment, using 12 stationary monitors operated by the California Air Resources Board. Analyses were performed using mixed effects linear models adjusting for demographics and underlying health conditions.</p><p><strong>Measurements and results: </strong>Each 1 µg/m³ increase in average PM_2.5 exposure over 12 months before assessment was associated with a 31.5 ml lower FVC (95% confidence interval [CI] = -57.2, -5.9) and a 32.7 ml lower FEV₁ (95% CI = -56.4, -8.9). A 10-µg/m³ increase in average PM₁₀ exposure over 12 months was associated with a 146.6 ml reduction in FVC (95% CI = -230.4, -62.9) and a 122.0 ml reduction in FEV₁ (95% CI = -197.8, -46.2). Associations within a 3-month exposure window showed similar results. PM exposure was associated with impaired lung function in both asthmatic and non-asthmatic children, with a slightly greater impact observed in those with asthma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PM exposure near the Salton Sea is related to reduced lung function of pediatric residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"10 1","pages":"e455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12788894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual and combined effects of indoor home exposures and ambient PM_2.5 during early life on childhood asthma in us birth cohort studies.","authors":"Akihiro Shiroshita, Antonella Zanobetti, Brent A Coull, Patrick H Ryan, Soma Datta, Jeffrey Blossom, Emily Oken, James E Gern, Heike Luttmann-Gibson, Eneida A Mendonça, Sima K Ramratnam, Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman, Joanne E Sordillo, Veronica A Wang, Paloma I Beamer, Daniel J Jackson, Christine C Johnson, Gurjit K Khurana Hershey, Fernando D Martinez, Rachel L Miller, Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric, Edward M Zoratti, Tina V Hartert, Diane R Gold","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000443","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children encounter multiple indoor and outdoor environmental exposures in early life. We assessed the independent effects of indoor home exposures and ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM_2.5) on early childhood asthma diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 6,413 children born 1987-2016 from nine United States prospective birth cohorts from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes consortium, with complete covariate and outcome data. Exposures were (1) average ambient PM_2.5 levels during the first 3 years of life, and (2) indoor home exposures, including water damage/home dampness during infancy/childhood, dogs/cats at home during infancy, dust mite allergen during infancy/childhood. Asthma was defined as caregiver-reported or doctor-diagnosed asthma anytime from birth to age 5. We applied Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for individual-level and neighborhood-level confounders. Cohort-specific effects were implemented as fixed effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By age 5 years, 10.3%-50.3% of children had developed asthma across general-risk and high-risk cohorts. We found a significant detrimental association of PM_2.5 and water damage/home dampness, and a protective association of dogs in the home with risk of childhood asthma, regardless of PM_2.5 adjustment. The effect of having both water damage/home dampness and high PM_2.5 on asthma diagnosis was greater than that of no water damage/home dampness and having low PM_2.5 (hazard ratio: 1.95 [95% confidence interval = 1.19, 3.20]). There were no significant associations with household cats or dust mites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multiple early exposures, such as PM_2.5, home dampness, and absence of dogs in the home, should be considered together as risk factors for childhood asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"10 1","pages":"e443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12737862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145833561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antenatal wildfire smoke exposure and preterm birth phenotypes: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Anne R Waldrop, Yair J Blumenfeld, Jonathan A Mayo, Danielle M Panelli, Sam Heft-Neal, Marshall Burke, Stephanie A Leonard, Gary M Shaw","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000446","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Novel evidence suggests an association of wildfire smoke exposure with preterm birth (PTB). However, the mechanism and exposure timing of this association are poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We estimate the association of wildfire smoke on PTB phenotypes (spontaneous PTB [sPTB] and medically indicated PTB [mPTB]) as well as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Birth cohort data from singleton livebirths in California from 2007 to 2012 were combined with daily zip code-level estimates of wildfire smoke intensity. Satellite-based estimates of wildfire smoke plume boundaries and high-resolution gridded estimates of surface particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5) concentrations were used to calculate smoke exposure from 4 weeks preconception through gestational week 20. The two primary exposures were (1) wildfire smoke exposure at distinct gestational ages and (2) concentration of wildfire smoke exposure. Logistic regression models assessed associations between the number of wildfire smoke-exposed days and PTB phenotypes. HDP were also assessed as an outcome, given their major contribution to mPTB. Four primary outcomes were used: (1) overall PTB (<37 weeks), (2) sPTB, (3) mPTB, and (4) HDP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2,548,347 eligible pregnant individuals, 86% were exposed to at least 1 day of wildfire smoke of any PM_2.5 intensity during the exposure period. Wildfire smoke of any intensity was significantly associated with sPTB during the exposure period (odds ratios [OR] [95% confidence intervals (CI)]: 1.003 [1.0021, 1.0039]). Each additional day of smoke exposure conferred 0.3% increased odds of sPTB. We did not observe an association of wildfire smoke with HDP. Only smoke exposure of any intensity between 14 and 20 weeks was associated with increased odds of mPTB OR CI (95%) (1.0038 [1.0008, 1.0069]). Wildfire smoke exposure of any intensity in the gestational period of smoke exposure was associated in increased odds of all PTB, except for the preconception period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study found an association of wildfire smoke exposure with PTB, which was largely driven by sPTB.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"9 6","pages":"e446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12677857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145699942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal exposure to metal(loid)s mixture and childhood lung function: Exploring sex-specific associations.","authors":"Mayra J Garza, Cecilia S Alcala, Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz, Adriana Mercado-Garcia, Nadya Y Rivera Rivera, Chris Gennings, Martha María Téllez-Rojo, Robert O Wright, Rosalind J Wright, Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa, María José Rosa","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000447","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The link between prenatal exposure to metal(loid)s and childhood lung function, including sex-specific effects, has not been completely elucidated. We aimed to examine sex-specific individual and joint effects of prenatal metal(loid)s exposure on children's lung function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analyses included 438 mother-child dyads from the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment, and Social Stressors birth cohort in Mexico City. Metal(loid)s levels (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) were measured in maternal blood collected during the second and third trimesters. Lung function in children was assessed once at ages 8-14 years. Multiple linear regression was performed to evaluate individual associations. Mixture effects were assessed through repeated holdout weighted quantile sum regression and hierarchical Bayesian kernel machine regression. Effect modification by sex was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Second-trimester Ni was inversely associated with FEV₁/FVC ratio in the overall sample and in females, while Pb was linked to lower FEV₁ z-score in females. Third-trimester Co and Pb were also negatively associated with FVC z-score in females, with Pb also associated with lower FEV₁ z-score in females. Higher metal mixture concentrations were associated with lower FEV₁/FVC ratio (β = -0.33, 95% confidence interval: -0.48, -0.16) and FEF_25%-75% z-score (β = -0.22, 95% confidence interval: -0.39, -0.07) in females, with similar sex-specific patterns of association in weighted quantile sum and Bayesian kernel machine regression models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Second-trimester metal mixture exposure is associated with lower childhood lung function; females are potentially more susceptible to these exposures, which underscores the need to understand critical windows of exposure and sex-specific differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"9 6","pages":"e447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12677884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145699931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined and synergistic effects of heat and fine particulate matter on hospitalization among patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.","authors":"Federica Spoto, Antonella Zanobetti, Scott W Delaney, Thomas M Gill, Michelle L Bell, Francesca Dominici, Danielle Braun, Daniel Mork","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000440","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are vulnerable to environmental stressors such as extreme heat and air pollution, yet their combined health effects remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the joint impact of extreme heat and fine particulate matter exposure (PM_2.5) on the risk of all-cause hospitalization among an ADRD cohort of Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years. Using a time-stratified case-crossover design, we analyzed data from beneficiaries with prior ADRD-related hospitalizations across the contiguous US in 2000-2016. Daily heat index and PM_2.5 concentrations were linked to residential ZIP codes, and conditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate same-day associations during the warm season (May-September), including interaction terms to explore potential synergistic effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a linear association between heat and hospitalization, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.017 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.004, 1.031) on extreme heat days (99th percentile) versus median. The PM_2.5-hospitalization relationship was nonlinear, with stronger effects at lower concentrations (10 vs. 5 µg/m³ OR = 1.010; 95% CI = 1.005, 1.015). When accounting for changes in PM_2.5, the OR on extreme heat days versus the median was 1.016 (95% CI = 1.001, 1.032).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the need to consider both environmental stressors when assessing health risks in ADRD populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"9 6","pages":"e440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12643645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145602752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing environmental health aspects of environmental justice in communities living in industrially contaminated areas: An international network to share approaches and experiences.","authors":"Ivano Iavarone, Sandra Cortés, Carmen Ildes Rodrigues Fróes-Asmus, Daniela Marsili, Juan Pablo Ramos-Bonilla, Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz, Roberto Pasetto","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000435","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Industrially contaminated areas (ICA) are areas hosting or that have hosted industrial human activities (including industrial agriculture and mining) that have produced or might produce, directly or indirectly, chemical contamination of soil, surface or groundwater, air, or food chains, resulting in ecosystem and/or human health impacts.Pollution in ICA can derive from multiple sources and be closely interrelated with social and economic deprivation of affected communities. Furthermore, these populations may experience health criticalities, limited access to health care and ecosystem resources, and can be considered overburdened or environmental justice (EJ) communities.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This commentary stems from the discussion at the symposium \"Assessing Environmental Justice for Communities Living in Industrially Contaminated Areas: Sharing Approaches and Experiences\" (36th Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology-Santiago de Chile, 2024). The objective being to propose an international network to share research experiences on EJ in ICA in Europe and in the Latin American regions to enable more consistent knowledge and better policy responses to address the objectives of the 2030 United Nations Sustainable and Development Goals Agenda, specifically reducing inequality within and among countries.</p><p><strong>Discussion and policy implication: </strong>EJ associated with ICA has been observed in different countries, as investigated through single-site or nationwide assessments. Procedural aspects of EJ include misrecognition of the rights of affected communities to be informed through inclusive communication. This implies the marginalization of the communities in the decision-making process addressing the health impacts of ICA. We propose an international effort based on collaborative work to identify experiences in diversified contexts, research needs, and intervention priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"9 6","pages":"e435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12643637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145602251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of oil and gas boom and busts on working-age mortality in the U.S.","authors":"Ryan P Thombs, Mary D Willis","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000438","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The oil and gas sector is prone to boom-and-bust cycles that create precarious employment conditions, social disruptions, and environmental stressors, which could impact working-age mortality (i.e., premature death between 25 and 64 years old).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the association between booms and busts from oil and gas development with respect to working-age mortality. Using integrated county-level oil and gas production data with mortality records (2000-2011), we implemented a two-way fixed effects spatial lag of X (i.e., SLX) Poisson regression model, accounting for county-specific trends. We also estimated a distributed lag model to test for long-run effects after the initial shock.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find stronger evidence that busts, rather than booms, in oil and gas production are associated with increases in all-cause working-age mortality. The average production bust yielded 0.4 additional deaths per county (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1, 0.6). While rarer, extreme production busts were associated with as many as 19.5 additional deaths per county (95% CI: 6.7, 32.3). These findings suggest that an average, country-wide oil and gas bust event would result in 439 additional working age deaths across the U.S. (95% CI: 165, 714). In the cause-specific analyses, more complex associations emerge regarding the influence of the boom and the bust exposures on working-age mortality, including substantial variation in effect magnitude and directionality by specific causes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates the complexity in the association between boom-and-bust cycles with respect to working-age mortality in the U.S., providing many avenues for future work.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"9 6","pages":"e438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12637344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145586016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Street-view greenspace distribution across racial/ethnic, neighborhood income, and individual education subgroups.","authors":"Tara E Jenson, Pi-I Debby Lin, Peter James, Perry Hystad, Ana V Diez-Roux, Brent Coull, Lilah Besser, Esra Suel, Jennifer Weuve, Marcia Pescador Jimenez","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000441","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The maldistribution of greenspaces across Black, Hispanic, and low-income communities can contribute to health disparities. It is unclear whether the interaction of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status may explain the maldistribution of greenspace, or whether the maldistribution varies by type of greenspace.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Applying deep learning algorithms to street-view images, we calculated percentages of specific types of residential greenspace (i.e., %Trees, %Grass) for each Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participant (N = 5,858; 2000-2002). We used multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy to quantify inequities in greenspace type by intersecting stratum of race/ethnicity (Black, Chinese American, Hispanic, and White), education (high school, some college, and bachelor's degree), and neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES; low, moderate, and high). Models adjusted for age, sex, individual income, and study site.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean %Trees was 19.0 (SD 8.8) and the mean %Grass was 5.1 (4.6). Distribution of %Trees varied across strata, for example, 13.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.1, 23.8) for Hispanic participants in the lowest education and NSES group versus 20.5% (14.0, 30.4) for Hispanic participants in the highest education and NSES group. Patterns were similar among corresponding strata of Black and Chinese American participants. However, the lowest %Trees among White participants was in the highest NSES and education stratum (20.6, 95% CI = 14.8, 31.5). About 16% of the variability of %Trees and 11% of the variability of %Grass was explained by intersecting stratum of race/ethnicity, education, and NSES.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maldistribution of greenspace types may be explained by combinations of race/ethnicity, education, and NSES subgroups, as opposed to each factor alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"9 6","pages":"e441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12626759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145563103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming air pollution and health research into action in low- and middle-income countries.","authors":"Jonathan Samet, Kerolyn Shairsingh, Wenlu Ye, Sophie Gumy, Pierpaolo Mudu, Zorana Andersen, Wei Huang, Michal Krzyzanowski, Sumi Mehta, Helen Petach, Annette Peters, Ajay Pillarisetti, Jason West, Caradee Y Wright, Thomas Clasen","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000434","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary highlights the need for actionable and context-appropriate research on air pollution and health that will continue to drive policies to reduce exposures and disease burden. Research on air pollution and health has been substantial in high-income countries (HIC), leading to causal conclusions on the adverse effects of air pollution. Despite bearing the greatest disease burden from air pollution, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have had scant research funding, a trend that may well be aggravated due to changing political priorities in some HICs. High-quality data from LMICs is urgently needed to help motivate local, subnational, and national policies to raise awareness and identify priority actions to improve health. The new evidence will also provide a more complete understanding of air pollution and health globally. We highlight a framework for moving from research to action and address how this framework differs in HIC and LMIC contexts. We propose a hierarchy of research needs that begins with having the necessary air pollution monitoring and health data, and the capacity to use the data for informative analytics, risk assessment, valuation, and policy formulation. Building technical capacity may be needed for this purpose, as will development of a functioning regulatory system in parallel. We call for greater emphasis on surveillance studies to demonstrate the benefits of action and address barriers to action. The global community would benefit from a broad research agenda with priorities and adequate funding dedicated to building evidence that leads to positive policy change. We urge priority for advancing actionable research and improving research capacity in LMICs, including investments in routine collection of relevant data, emphasizing the foundation of risk monitoring and health data systems, and building a cadre of researchers and informed policy-makers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"9 6","pages":"e434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12599730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145494965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}