Environmental Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles and breast cancer among World Trade Center survivors.","authors":"Stephanie Tuminello, Yibeltal Arega Ashebir, Chanel Schroff, Sitharam Ramaswami, Nedim Durmus, Yu Chen, Matija Snuderl, Yongzhao Shao, Joan Reibman, Alan A Arslan","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000313","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased incidence of cancer has been reported among World Trade Center (WTC)-exposed persons. Aberrant DNA methylation is a hallmark of cancer development. To date, only a few small studies have investigated the relationship between WTC exposure and DNA methylation. The main objective of this study was to assess the DNA methylation profiles of WTC-exposed community members who remained cancer free and those who developed breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>WTC-exposed women were selected from the WTC Environmental Health Center clinic, with peripheral blood collected during routine clinical monitoring visits. The reference group was selected from the NYU Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study with blood samples collected before 9 November 2001. The Infinium MethylationEPIC array was used for global DNA methylation profiling, with adjustments for cell type composition and other confounders. Annotated probes were used for biological pathway and network analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 64 WTC-exposed (32 cancer free and 32 with breast cancer) and 32 WTC-unexposed (16 cancer free and 16 with prediagnostic breast cancer) participants were included. Hypermethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine probe sites (defined as <i>β</i> > 0.8) were more common among WTC-exposed versus unexposed participants (14.3% vs. 4.5%, respectively, among the top 5000 cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites). Cancer-related pathways (e.g., human papillomavirus infection, cGMP-PKG) were overrepresented in WTC-exposed groups (breast cancer patients and cancer-free subjects). Compared to the unexposed breast cancer patients, 47 epigenetically dysregulated genes were identified among WTC-exposed breast cancers. These genes formed a network, including Wnt/β-catenin signaling genes <i>WNT4</i> and <i>TCF7L2</i>, and dysregulation of these genes contributes to cancer immune evasion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>WTC exposure likely impacts DNA methylation and may predispose exposed individuals toward cancer development, possibly through an immune-mediated mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"8 3","pages":"e313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11152787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141260394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal associations between ambient PM_2.5 exposure and lipid levels in two Indian cities.","authors":"Kritika Anand, Gagandeep Kaur Walia, Siddhartha Mandal, Jyothi S Menon, Ruby Gupta, Nikhil Tandon, K M Venkat Narayan, Mohammed K Ali, Viswanathan Mohan, Joel D Schwartz, Dorairaj Prabhakaran","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to ambient PM_2.5 is known to affect lipid metabolism through systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from developing countries, such as India with high levels of ambient PM_2.5 and distinct lipid profiles, is sparse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Longitudinal nonlinear mixed-effects analysis was conducted on >10,000 participants of Centre for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) cohort in Chennai and Delhi, India. We examined associations between 1-month and 1-year average ambient PM_2.5 exposure derived from the spatiotemporal model and lipid levels (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TRIG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]) measured longitudinally, adjusting for residential and neighborhood-level confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean annual exposure in Chennai and Delhi was 40 and 102 μg/m³ respectively. Elevated ambient PM_2.5 levels were associated with an increase in LDL-C and TC at levels up to 100 µg/m³ in both cities and beyond 125 µg/m³ in Delhi. TRIG levels in Chennai increased until 40 µg/m³ for both short- and long-term exposures, then stabilized or declined, while in Delhi, there was a consistent rise with increasing annual exposures. HDL-C showed an increase in both cities against monthly average exposure. HDL-C decreased slightly in Chennai with an increase in long-term exposure, whereas it decreased beyond 130 µg/m³ in Delhi.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate diverse associations between a wide range of ambient PM_2.5 and lipid levels in an understudied South Asian population. Further research is needed to establish causality and develop targeted interventions to mitigate the impact of air pollution on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"8 2","pages":"e295"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11008625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140850045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between short-term exposure to ambient temperature and renal disease mortality in Japan during 1979-2019: A time-stratified case-crossover analysis.","authors":"Zin Wai Htay, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Yoonhee Kim, Youn-Hee Lim, Masao Iwagami, Masahiro Hashizume","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have indicated that renal disease mortality is sensitive to ambient temperatures. However, most have been limited to the summer season with inconclusive evidence for changes in population vulnerability over time.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to examine the association between short-term exposure to ambient temperatures and mortality due to renal diseases in Japan, and how this association varied over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a two-stage, time-stratified case-crossover study from 1979 to 2019 across 47 prefectures of Japan. We obtained the data of daily mortality counts for all renal diseases, acute renal failure, and chronic renal disease. We fitted a conditional quasi-Poisson regression model with a distributed lag nonlinear model. A random-effects meta-analysis was applied to calculate national averages. We performed additional analyses by four subperiods, sex, and age groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 997,590 renal mortality cases and observed a reversed J-shaped association. Lower temperatures were associated with increased mortality in all renal disease categories. The cumulative relative risks at 2.5th percentile compared to the minimum mortality temperature percentile were 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29, 1.40), 1.51 (95% CI = 1.33, 1.71), and 1.33 (95% CI = 1.24, 1.43) for all renal, acute renal failure, and chronic renal disease mortality, respectively. The associations were observed in individuals of both sexes and aged 65 years and above. The associations of kidney mortality with low temperature remained consistent, while the associations with high temperature were pronounced in the past, but not in recent periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Protection for individuals with impaired renal function from exposure to low temperatures during cold seasons is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"e293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10852400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Assessing heat effects on respiratory mortality and location characteristics as modifiers of heat effects at a small area scale in Central-Northern Europe: Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000269.].</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"e294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10852360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139725651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying a multistate survival model to explore the role of fine particles in promoting frailty in the Medicare cohort","authors":"Neal Fann, A. Zanobetti, Daniel Mork, William Steinhardt, Ana G. Rappold","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000285","url":null,"abstract":"Fine particle pollution is a well-established risk to human health. Observational epidemiology generally treats events as though they are independent of one another and so do not examine the role air pollution may play in promoting the progression of disease. Multistate survival models account for the complex pathway of disease to death. We employ a multistate survival model to characterize the role of chronic exposure to PM2.5 in affecting the rate at which Medicare beneficiaries transition to first hospitalization for cardiovascular disease and then subsequently death. We use an open cohort of Medicare beneficiaries and PM2.5 concentrations estimated with photochemical model predictions, satellite-based observations, land-use data, and meteorological variables. The multistate model included three transitions: (1) entry to cardiovascular hospital admission; (2) entry to death; and (3) cardiovascular hospital admission to death. The transition intensity was modeled using a Cox proportional hazards model. For a 1 µg/m3 increase in annual mean PM2.5, we estimate a nationally pooled hazard ratio of 1.022 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.018, 1.025) for the transition from entry to first cardiovascular hospital admission; 1.054 (95% CI = 1.039, 1.068) for the transition from entry to death; 1.036 (95% CI = 1.027, 1.044) for the transition from first cardiovascular hospital admission to death. The hazard ratios exhibited some heterogeneity within each of nine climatological regions and for each of the three transitions. We find evidence for the role of PM in both promoting chronic illness and increasing the subsequent risk of death.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"e285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139437745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the association between longitudinal exposure to a PFAS mixture and adolescent cardiometabolic risk in the HOME Study","authors":"Elvira S. Fleury, J. Kuiper, J. Buckley, G. Papandonatos, K. Cecil, Aimin Chen, Charles B. Eaton, Heidi J Kalkwarf, B. Lanphear, K. Yolton, Joseph M. Braun","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000289","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) throughout gestation and childhood may impact cardiometabolic risk. Methods: In 179 HOME Study participants (Cincinnati, OH; recruited 2003–2006), we used latent profile analysis to identify two distinct patterns of PFAS exposure from serum concentrations of four PFAS measured at birth and ages 3, 8, and 12 years. We assessed the homeostatic model of insulin resistance, triglycerides-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, systolic blood pressure, visceral fat, and hemoglobin A1c levels at age 12 years. We used multivariable linear regression to assess the association of membership in the longitudinal PFAS mixture exposure group with a summary measure of overall cardiometabolic risk and individual components. Results: One PFAS exposure profile (n = 66, 39%) had higher geometric means of all PFAS across all visits than the other. Although adjusted associations were null in the full sample, child sex modified the association of longitudinal PFAS mixture exposure group with overall cardiometabolic risk, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, systolic blood pressure, and visceral fat (interaction term P values: 0.02–0.08). Females in the higher exposure group had higher cardiometabolic risk scores (ß = 0.43; 95% CI = −0.08, 0.94), systolic blood pressures (ß = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.1, 1.1), and visceral fat (ß = 0.44; 95% CI = −0.13, 1.01); males had lower cardiometabolic risk scores (ß = −0.52; 95% CI = −1.06, −0.06), leptin-to-adiponectin ratios (ß = −0.7; 95% CI = −1.29, −0.1), systolic blood pressures (ß = −0.14; 95% CI = −0.7, 0.41), and visceral fat (ß = −0.52; 95% CI = −0.84, −0.19). Conclusions: Exposure to this PFAS mixture throughout childhood may have sex-specific effects on adolescent cardiometabolic risk.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"1 7","pages":"e289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139438031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States adult population, 2003–2018","authors":"Harry D. Momo, Christian S. Alvarez, M. Purdue, Barry I. Graubard, K. McGlynn","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000284","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder worldwide and a leading cause of liver-related mortality. Prior studies have linked per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure to liver dysfunction and alterations in metabolic pathways, but the extent of a PFAS-NAFLD relationship is unclear. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine whether there were associations between PFAS exposures and NAFLD in the US adult population over a 16-year period. Methods: Data from 10,234 persons who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2003 and 2018 were analyzed. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multivariable logistic regression for the associations between PFAS and NAFLD, defined by the Hepatic Steatosis Index (NAFLD-HSI), the Fatty Liver Index (NAFLD-FLI), and by Transient Elastography with Controlled Attenuation Parameter (NAFLD-TE-CAP). Results: Overall, there was a significant inverse association between total PFAS and NAFLD-HSI (P-trend = 0.04). Significant inverse associations were also found between perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and NAFLD-HSI (P-trend = 0.04), and NAFLD-FLI (P-trend = 0.03). Analysis by time period, 2003–2010 versus 2011–2018, found that while inverse associations were more apparent during the latter period when total PFAS (P-trend = 0.02), PFHxS (P-trend = 0.04), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (P-trend = 0.03) were inversely associated with NAFLD-HSI and PFOA was inversely associated with NAFLD-FLI (P-trend = 0.05), there were no significant interaction effects. No significant associations between the PFAS and NAFLD-TE-CAP were found. Conclusions: The current study found no evidence of a positive association between the most common PFAS and NAFLD in the US population.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"4 13","pages":"e284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139439892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary biomarkers of exposure to toxic and essential elements: A comparison of infants fed with human milk or formula","authors":"Talia D. Pikounis, Kassaundra L. Amann, B. P. Jackson, T. Punshon, D. Gilbert-Diamond, S. Korrick, M. R. Karagas, K. L. Cottingham","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000286","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Early-life exposure to nonessential (toxic) and essential trace elements can influence child development. Although infant formula powders and the water used to reconstitute them can contain higher concentrations of many elements compared with human milk, the influence of feeding mode on reliable biomarkers of infant exposure has rarely been demonstrated. Methods: We evaluated associations between urinary biomarkers and feeding mode (exclusively human milk, exclusively formula, or combination-fed) for four toxic (arsenic, cadmium, nickel, and uranium) and three essential elements (cobalt, molybdenum, and selenium) using general linear models. Results: A total of 462 participants from the rural New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study were on average 6 weeks old between July 2012 and March 2019 and had urine samples, 3-day food diaries, and relevant covariate data available. In adjusted models, urinary arsenic was 5.15 (95% confidence interval = 4.04, 6.58), molybdenum was 19.02 (14.13–25.59), and selenium was 1.51 (1.35–1.68) times higher in infants fed exclusively with formula compared with infants fed exclusively with human milk. By contrast, urinary uranium was 0.59 (0.46–0.75) and cobalt was 0.78 (0.65–0.95) times lower with formula feeding than human milk feeding. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that infant exposure to several potentially toxic elements varies by feeding mode, as concentrations of reliable urinary biomarkers were higher with formula or human milk, depending on the element. Importantly, exposure to arsenic increased with household tap water arsenic regardless of feeding mode, suggesting that all infants could be at risk in populations with high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"53 50","pages":"e286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitive development windows of prenatal air pollution and cognitive functioning in preschool age Mexican children","authors":"H. Hsu, Jamil M. Lane, L. Schnaas, Brent A. Coull, Erika Osorio-Valencia, Y. Chiu, Ander Wilson, Allan C. Just, I. Kloog, David Bellinger, M. Téllez-Rojo, Robert O. Wright","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000291","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neurotoxicity resulting from air pollution is of increasing concern. Considering exposure timing effects on neurodevelopmental impairments may be as important as the exposure dose. We used distributed lag regression to determine the sensitive windows of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on children’s cognition in a birth cohort in Mexico. Methods: Analysis included 553 full-term (≥37 weeks gestation) children. Prenatal daily PM2.5 exposure was estimated using a validated satellite-based spatiotemporal model. McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities (MSCA) were used to assess children’s cognitive function at 4–5 years old (lower scores indicate poorer performance). To identify susceptibility windows, we used Bayesian distributed lag interaction models to examine associations between prenatal PM2.5 levels and MSCA. This allowed us to estimate vulnerable windows while testing for effect modification. Results: After adjusting for maternal age, socioeconomic status, child age, and sex, Bayesian distributed lag interaction models showed significant associations between increased PM2.5 levels and decreased general cognitive index scores at 31–35 gestation weeks, decreased quantitative scale scores at 30–36 weeks, decreased motor scale scores at 30–36 weeks, and decreased verbal scale scores at 37–38 weeks. Estimated cumulative effects (CE) of PM2.5 across pregnancy showed significant associations with general cognitive index (CE^ = −0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.68, −0.01), quantitative scale (CE^ = −0.27, 95% CI = −0.74, −0.02), motor scale (CE^ = −0.25, 95% CI = −0.44, −0.05), and verbal scale (CE^ = −0.2, 95% CI = −0.43, −0.02). No significant sex interactions were observed. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to PM2.5, particularly late pregnancy, was inversely associated with subscales of MSCA. Using data-driven methods to identify sensitive window may provide insight into the mechanisms of neurodevelopmental impairment due to pollution.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"121 9","pages":"e291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides measured in urine, wristbands, and household dust and its implications for child health in South Africa: A panel study","authors":"A. Veludo, M. Röösli, M. A. Dalvie, Petra Stuchlík Fišerová, R. Prokes, P. Příbylová, P. Šenk, Jiří Kohoutek, Mufaro Mugari, Jana Klánová, Anke Huss, D. Figueiredo, H. Mol, Jonatan Dias, C. Degrendele, S. Fuhrimann","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000282","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children in agricultural areas are exposed to organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) insecticides. This explorative study investigated child exposure to OPs and PYRs, comparing temporal and spatial exposure variability within and among urine, wristbands, and dust samples. Methods: During spraying season 2018, 38 South African children in two agricultural areas (Grabouw/Hex River Valley) and settings (farm/village) participated in a seven-day study. Child urine and household dust samples were collected on days 1 and 7. Children and their guardians were wearing silicone wristbands for seven days. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) evaluated temporal agreements between repeated urine and dust samples, Spearman rank correlations (Rs) evaluated the correlations among matrices, and linear mixed-effect models investigated spatial exposure predictors. A risk assessment was performed using reverse dosimetry. Results: Eighteen OPs/PYRs were targeted in urine, wristbands, and dust. Levels of chlorpyrifos in dust (ICC = 0.92) and diethylphosphate biomarker in urine (ICC = 0.42) showed strong and moderate temporal agreement between day 1 and day 7, respectively. Weak agreements were observed for all others. There was mostly a weak correlation among the three matrices (Rs = −0.12 to 0.35), except for chlorpyrifos in dust and its biomarker 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in urine (Rs = 0.44). No differences in exposure levels between living locations were observed. However, 21% of the urine biomarker levels exceeded the health-risk threshold for OP exposure. Conclusions: Observed high short-term variability in exposure levels during spraying season highlights the need for repeated sampling. The weak correlation between the exposure matrices points to different environmental and behavioral exposure pathways. Exceeding risk thresholds for OP should be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"6 14","pages":"e282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}