Environmental Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Ambient particulate matter, ozone, and neurologic symptoms in U.S. Gulf states adults.","authors":"Emily J Werder,&nbsp;Lawrence S Engel,&nbsp;Kaitlyn G Lawrence,&nbsp;Dale P Sandler","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on neurologic effects of air pollution has focused on neurodevelopment or later-life neurodegeneration; other effects throughout adulthood have received less attention. We examined air pollution levels and neurologic symptoms among 21,467 adults in US Gulf Coast states. We assigned exposure using Environmental Protection Agency estimates of daily ambient particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5) and ozone. Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study participants reported neurologic symptoms at enrollment (2011-2013). We estimated cross-sectional associations between each air pollutant and prevalence of \"any\" neurologic, central nervous system (CNS), or peripheral nervous system (PNS) symptoms. Ambient PM_2.5 was consistently associated with prevalence of neurologic symptoms. The highest quartile of 30-day PM_2.5 was associated with any neurologic symptom (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09, 1.23) and there were increasing monotonic relationships between 30-day PM_2.5 and each symptom category (<i>P</i>-trend ≤ 0.01). Associations with PM_2.5 were slightly stronger among nonsmokers and during colder seasons. The highest quartile of 7-day ozone was associated with increased prevalence of PNS symptoms (PR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.19; <i>P</i>-trend = 0.03), but not with other outcomes. Ozone concentrations above regulatory levels were suggestively associated with neurologic symptoms (PR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.99, 1.14). Mutual adjustment in co-pollutant models suggests that PM_2.5 is more relevant than ozone in relation to prevalence of neurologic symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8367062/pdf/ee9-5-e160.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39328409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of exposome on the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystc fibrosis: The REMEDIA European Project Approach.","authors":"Manon Benjdir, Étienne Audureau, Ariel Beresniak, Patrice Coll, Ralph Epaud, Kristina Fiedler, Bénédicte Jacquemin, Laurent Niddam, Spyros N Pandis, Gerhard Pohlmann, Torkjel M Sandanger, Kai Simmons, Mette Sørensen, Patrick Wagner, Sophie Lanone","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000165","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because of the direct interaction of lungs with the environment, respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of environment-related deaths in the world. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) are two highly debilitating diseases that are of particular interest in the context of environmental studies; they both are characterized by a similar progressive loss of lung function with small bronchi alterations, and a high phenotypic variability of unknown origin, which prevents a good therapeutic efficacy. In the last years, there has been an evolution in the apprehension of the study of diseases going from a restricted \"one exposure, one disease\" approach to a broader concept with other associating factors, the exposome. The overall objective of the REMEDIA project is to extend the understanding of the contribution of the exposome to COPD and CF diseases. To achieve our aim, we will (1) exploit data from existing cohorts and population registries to create a unified global database gathering phenotype and exposome information; (2) develop a flexible individual sensor device combining environmental and biomarker toolkits; (3) use a versatile atmospheric simulation chamber to simulate the health effects of complex exposomes; (4) use machine learning supervised analyses and causal inference models to identify relevant risk factors; and (5) develop econometric and cost-effectiveness models to assess the costs, performance, and cost-effectiveness of a selection of prevention strategies. The results will be used to develop guidelines to better predict disease risks and constitute the elements of the REMEDIA toolbox. The multidisciplinary approach carried out by the REMEDIA European project should represent a major breakthrough in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with COPD and CF diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/50/e4/ee9-5-e165.PMC8367060.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39330832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slum decay in Sub-Saharan Africa: Context, environmental pollution challenges, and impact on dweller's health.","authors":"A Kofi Amegah","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000158","url":null,"abstract":"Slum settlements are a very prominent feature of the urban landscape of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries and other lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). SSA cities such as Accra, Ghana; Lagos, Nigeria; Nairobi, Kenya; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; and Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban, South Africa are home to some of the world’s largest slums due to massive urban growth in these countries over the past two decades. SSA records the highest number of slum dwellers. About 62% of the region’s urban population resides in slums compared with 35% in Southern Asia, 24% in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 13% in North Africa.1 Uncontrolled urbanization is the main driver of slum proliferation in LMICs. SSA and South Asia are the most rapidly urbanizing regions of the world with the highest population growth in urban areas found in these two developing regions. The rapid increase in urban population in SSA countries has been attributed to the high rate of natural increase in towns, reclassification of settlements into urban areas, and rural-urban migration, which is highlighted as the most significant driver.2 According to Teye,2 these factors will continue to drive the urbanization process in SSA countries. Africa’s urban population has been growing at a very high rate from about 27% in 1950 to 40% in 2015 and projected to reach 60% by 2050. The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) defines a slum as an urban area with lack of basic services (sanitation, potable water, electricity), substandard housing, overcrowding, unhealthy and hazardous locations, insecure tenure, and social exclusion.3 Per this definition of a slum, it can be argued that such a settlement cannot experience any further decay. In this commentary, I document manifestations of further decay in slums of SSA. The commentary answers three important questions; (1) can there be any further decay in slums of SSA? (2) how is the slum decay manifested? and (3) how is the slum decay impacting the health of dwellers? The article will have important policy implications in the region and beyond, and should help better tailor interventions for upgrading slums to improve, promote, and protect the health of populations living in these settlements.","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8196122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39234689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between prenatal concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ether and child cognitive and psychomotor function.","authors":"Giulia Solazzo,&nbsp;Haotian Wu,&nbsp;Hannah E Laue,&nbsp;Kasey Brennan,&nbsp;Julia M Knox,&nbsp;Virginie Gillet,&nbsp;Amélie Bovin,&nbsp;Nadia Abdelouahab,&nbsp;Jonathan Posner,&nbsp;Elizabeth Raffanello,&nbsp;Sarah Pieper,&nbsp;Fredrick DuBois Bowman,&nbsp;Daniel Drake,&nbsp;Andrea A Baccarelli,&nbsp;Larissa Takser","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies suggest a negative association between prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) exposure and child cognitive and psychomotor development. However, the timing of the relationship between PBDE exposure and neurodevelopment is still unclear. We examined the association between PBDE concentration at two different prenatal times (early and late pregnancy) and cognitive function in children 6-8 years of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight hundred pregnant women were recruited between 2007 and 2009 from Sherbrooke, Canada. Four PBDE congeners (BDE-47, -99, -100, and -153) were measured in maternal plasma samples collected during early pregnancy (12 weeks of gestation) and at delivery. At 6-8 years of age, 355 children completed a series of subtests spanning multiple neuropsychologic domains: verbal and memory skills were measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition; visuospatial processing using both Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition and Neuropsychological Assessment second edition; and attention was assessed through the Test of Everyday Attention for Children. Additionally, parents completed subtests from the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire to measure child motor control. We used linear regression and quantile g-computation models to estimate associations of PBDE congener concentrations and psychologic test scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our models, no significant associations were detected between PBDE mixture and any of the child psychologic scores. BDE-99 concentration at delivery was nominally associated with higher scores on short-term and working memory while a decrease in spatial perception and reasoning was nominally associated with higher BDE-100 concentration at delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, our results did not show a significant association between PBDEs and child cognitive and motor development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8196085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39236233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint effects of ambient air pollution and maternal smoking on neonatal adiposity and childhood BMI trajectories in the Healthy Start study.","authors":"Brianna F Moore,&nbsp;Anne P Starling,&nbsp;Sheena E Martenies,&nbsp;Sheryl Magzamen,&nbsp;Dana Dabelea","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coexposure to air pollution and tobacco smoke may influence early-life growth, but few studies have investigated their joint effects. We examined the interaction between fetal exposure to maternal smoking and ozone (O₃) or fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) on birth weight, neonatal adiposity, and body mass index (BMI) trajectories through age 3 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 526 mother-child pairs, born ≥37 weeks. Cotinine was measured at ~27 weeks gestation. Whole pregnancy and trimester-specific O₃ and PM_2.5 were estimated via. inverse-distance weighted interpolation from stationary monitors. Neonatal adiposity (fat mass percentage) was measured via. air displacement plethysmography. Child weight and length/height were abstracted from medical records. Interaction was assessed by introducing cotinine (<31.5 vs. ≥31.5 ng/mL [indicating active smoking]), O₃/PM_2.5 (low [tertiles 1-2] vs. high [tertile 3]), and their product term in linear regression models for birth weight and neonatal adiposity and mixed-effects models for BMI trajectories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rate of BMI growth among offspring jointly exposed to maternal smoking and high PM_2.5 (between 8.1 and 12.7 μg/m³) in the third trimester was more rapid than would be expected due to the individual exposures alone (0.8 kg/m² per square root year; 95% CI = 0.1, 1.5; <i>P</i> for interaction = 0.03). We did not detect interactions between maternal smoking and O₃ or PM_2.5 at any other time on birth weight, neonatal adiposity, or BMI trajectories.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although PM_2.5 was generally below the EPA annual air quality standards of 12.0 μg/m³, exposure during the third trimester may influence BMI trajectories when combined with maternal smoking.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8196098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39236230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between pesticide mixtures applied near home during pregnancy and early childhood with adolescent behavioral and emotional problems in the CHAMACOS study.","authors":"Carly Hyland,&nbsp;Patrick T Bradshaw,&nbsp;Robert B Gunier,&nbsp;Ana M Mora,&nbsp;Katherine Kogut,&nbsp;Julianna Deardorff,&nbsp;Sharon K Sagiv,&nbsp;Asa Bradman,&nbsp;Brenda Eskenazi","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies suggest that exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and early childhood is associated with adverse child neurodevelopment. Research to date has focused primarily on exposure to single pesticides or pesticide classes in isolation; there are little data on the effect of exposure to pesticide mixtures on child and adolescent neurodevelopment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using California's Pesticide Use Reporting database, we estimated agricultural pesticide use within 1 km of the home during the prenatal and postnatal (ages 0-5 years) periods among participants in the Center for the Health Assessment for Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) birth cohort. We implemented a Bayesian Hierarchical linear mixed-effects model to examine associations with maternal- and youth-reported behavioral and emotional problems from the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition (BASC-2) at ages 16 and 18 years (n = 593).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed mostly null associations between pesticide applications and neurobehavioral outcomes. There were some trends of modestly increased internalizing behaviors and attention problems in association with organophosphate insecticide use near the home during the prenatal period. In the postnatal period, a two-fold increase in glyphosate applications was associated with more youth-reported depression (β = 1.2, 95% credible intervals [CrI] = 0.2, 2.2), maternal-reported internalizing behaviors (β = 1.23, 95% CrI = 0.2, 2.3), and anxiety (β = 1.2, 95% CrI = 0.2, 2.3). We observed some protective associations with imidacloprid during the prenatal period, particularly in sex-specific analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found only some subtle associations between some pesticides and neurobehavioral outcomes. This study extends previous work by considering potential exposure to mixtures of pesticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8196094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39236231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between air pollution indicators and prevalent and incident diabetes in an African American cohort, the Jackson Heart Study.","authors":"Anne M Weaver,&nbsp;Aurelian Bidulescu,&nbsp;Gregory A Wellenius,&nbsp;DeMarc A Hickson,&nbsp;Mario Sims,&nbsp;Ambarish Vaidyanathan,&nbsp;Wen-Chih Wu,&nbsp;Adolfo Correa,&nbsp;Yi Wang","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes is especially prevalent among African Americans. Prior studies suggest that long-term exposure to ambient air pollution may be associated with greater incidence of diabetes, but results remain heterogeneous. Few studies have included large numbers of African Americans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed diabetes status and concentrations of 1- and 3-year fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ozone (O₃) among African American participants of the Jackson Heart Study at visits 1 (2000-2004, N = 5128) and 2 (2005-2008, N = 2839). We used mixed-effect modified Poisson regression to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incidence of diabetes by visit 2 and prevalence ratios (PRs) of the association between air pollution exposure and prevalent diabetes at visits 1 and 2. We adjusted for potential confounding by patient characteristics, as well as inverse probability weights of diabetes at visit 2, accounting for clustering by census tract.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed associations between incident diabetes and interquartile range increase in 1-year O₃ (RR 1.34, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.61) and 3-year O₃ (RR 0.88, 95% CI = 0.76, 1.02). We observed associations between prevalent diabetes and 1-year PM_2.5 (PR 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.17), 1-year O₃ (PR 1.18, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.27), and 3-year O₃ (PR 0.95, 95% CI = 0.90, 1.01) at visit 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results provide some evidence of positive associations between indicators of long-term PM_2.5 and O₃ exposure and diabetes. This study is particularly relevant to African Americans, who have higher prevalence of diabetes but relatively few studies of environmental pollution risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8078431/pdf/ee9-5-e140.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38919867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and incident myocardial infarction: A Danish Nurse Cohort study.","authors":"Youn-Hee Lim,&nbsp;Jeanette T Jørgensen,&nbsp;Rina So,&nbsp;Johannah Cramer,&nbsp;Heresh Amini,&nbsp;Amar Mehta,&nbsp;Laust H Mortensen,&nbsp;Rudi Westendorp,&nbsp;Barbara Hoffmann,&nbsp;Steffen Loft,&nbsp;Elvira V Bräuner,&nbsp;Matthias Ketzel,&nbsp;Ole Hertel,&nbsp;Jørgen Brandt,&nbsp;Steen Solvang Jensen,&nbsp;Claus Backalarz,&nbsp;Tom Cole-Hunter,&nbsp;Mette K Simonsen,&nbsp;Zorana J Andersen","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence of nonauditory health effects of road traffic noise exposure is growing. This prospective cohort study aimed to estimate the association between long-term exposure to road traffic noise above a threshold and incident myocardial infarction (MI) in Denmark.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the Danish Nurse Cohort study, we used data of 22,378 women, at recruitment in 1993 and 1999, who reported information on MI risk factors. The participants' first hospital contact or out-of-hospital death due to MI were followed-up until 2014. We investigated a relationship between residential exposures to road traffic noise levels (L_den) up to 23 years and incident MI (overall, nonfatal, and fatal) using time-varying Cox regression models adjusting for potential confounders and air pollutants. We estimated thresholds of road traffic noise (53, 56, and 58 dB) associated with incident MI in a piece-wise linear regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 22,378 participants, 633 developed MI, 502 of which were nonfatal. We observed a non-linear relationship between the 23-year running mean of L_den and incident MI with a threshold level of 56 dB, above which hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.30 (0.97, 1.75) for overall and 1.46 (1.05, 2.03) for nonfatal MI per 10 dB. The association with nonfatal MI attenuated slightly to 1.34 (0.95, 1.90) after adjustment for fine particles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that long-term exposure to road traffic noise above 56 dB may increase the risk of MI. The study findings suggest that road traffic noise above 56 dB may need regulation in addition to the regulation of ambient pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/29/e0/ee9-5-e148.PMC8078417.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38919868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mediation effect of placental weight change in the association between prenatal exposure to selenium and birth weight: Evidence from a prospective birth cohort study in China.","authors":"Jiaqi Wang,&nbsp;Rui Qian,&nbsp;Yiding Wang,&nbsp;Moran Dong,&nbsp;Xin Liu,&nbsp;He Zhou,&nbsp;Yufeng Ye,&nbsp;Guimin Chen,&nbsp;Dengzhou Chen,&nbsp;Lixia Yuan,&nbsp;Jianpeng Xiao,&nbsp;Guanhao He,&nbsp;Jianxiong Hu,&nbsp;Weilin Zeng,&nbsp;Zuhua Rong,&nbsp;Qianqian Zhang,&nbsp;Mengya Zhou,&nbsp;Juan Jin,&nbsp;Jingjie Fan,&nbsp;Jiufeng Sun,&nbsp;Wenjun Ma,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Tao Liu","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selenium (Se) is an essential element and also toxic at an excessive level for human body. However, few studies have investigated adverse effects of Se exposure on birth weight and placental weight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All participants were selected from the Prenatal Environment and Offspring Health cohort conducted in 2016 in Guangzhou, China. Se in each participant was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in their urine samples. The urinary Se concentrations were corrected by creatinine and transformed by natural logarithm (ln-Se). Multiple-linear regression models were applied to estimate the associations among Se exposure levels, placenta weight, and birth weight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2758 mother-newborn pairs were included in this study. Each interquartile range (0.53 μg/g creatinine) increment in urine ln-Se concentration during the first trimester was associated with a mean 21.7 g (95% CI = -41.3g to -2.1g) decrease in birth weight and 3.6g (95% CI = -6.3g to -0.9g) decrease in placental weight. Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1) of ln-Se concentrations during the first trimester, significantly lower birth weight was found in the highest quartile (Q4) (β = -45.7g; 95% CI = -90.7g to -0.7g). Similar dose-response associations with birthweight and placental weight were found for Se exposure during the third trimester. Mediation analyses showed that 44.2% and 18.2% of the effects of Se exposure in first and third trimester on birth weight were mediated by decreased placental weight, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maternal Se exposure during pregnancy was negatively associated with birth weight, the reduction of placental weight may partially mediate the association of prenatal Se exposure with birth weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8043733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38819599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green space, air pollution, traffic noise and saliva cortisol in children: The PIAMA study.","authors":"Lizan D Bloemsma,&nbsp;Alet H Wijga,&nbsp;Jochem O Klompmaker,&nbsp;Gerard Hoek,&nbsp;Nicole A H Janssen,&nbsp;Marieke Oldenwening,&nbsp;Gerard H Koppelman,&nbsp;Erik Lebret,&nbsp;Bert Brunekreef,&nbsp;Ulrike Gehring","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Green space, air pollution, and traffic noise exposure may be associated with stress levels in children. A flattened diurnal cortisol slope (the decline in cortisol concentrations from awakening to evening) is an indicator of chronic stress. We examined associations of green space, ambient air pollution, and traffic noise with the diurnal cortisol slope in children 12 years of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>At age 12 years, 1,027 participants of the Dutch PIAMA birth cohort collected three saliva samples during 1 day. We estimated residential exposure to green space (i.e., the average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI] and percentages of green space in circular buffers of 300 m and 3,000 m), air pollution, and traffic noise. Associations of these exposures with the diurnal cortisol slope (in nmol/L per hour) were assessed by multiple linear regression, adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher average NDVI and total percentage of green space in a 3,000 m buffer were associated with a larger diurnal decrease in cortisol levels (adjusted difference [95% confidence interval] = -0.11 nmol/L/hr [-0.21, 0.00 nmol/L/hr] per interquartile range increase in the average NDVI; -0.13 nmol/L/hr [-0.26, 0.00 nmol/L/hr] per interquartile range increase in the total percentage of green space). These associations were largely driven by associations with the percentage of agricultural green space and by associations in children living in nonurban areas. We observed no relationships between air pollution or traffic noise and the diurnal cortisol slope.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Residential exposure to green space in a buffer of 3,000 m may be associated with lower stress levels in children 12 years of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8043724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38819600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}