Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The effect of differences in viewing environment and method on physiological responses and perceptual stability while viewing three-dimensional images.","authors":"Yasuyuki Matsuura, Shiyu Hitomi, Sota Hibino, Hiroki Takada","doi":"10.1265/ehpm.25-00418","DOIUrl":"10.1265/ehpm.25-00418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stereoscopic (3D) viewing can induce motion sickness and visual discomfort under specific environmental conditions. Light adaptation is not always linear; preceding light exposure influences subsequent physiological responses (hysteresis). However, hysteresis in 3D viewing has rarely been studied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This exploratory study examined whether physiological responses exhibit hysteresis-history-dependent asymmetries between increasing and decreasing illuminance phases-under combinations of low illuminance, color temperature, and viewing mode.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight healthy adults (age 21.75 ± 0.97 yr) were exposed to stereoscopic video under eight conditions (2 color temperatures × 2 illuminance-change directions × 2 viewing modes). Illuminance was varied in stepwise fashion (10-260 lx). Electroencephalogram (EEG; Fp1/Fp2), electrocardiogram (ECG), and Stabilometry were recorded. Repeated-measures ANOVAs with Benjamini-Hochberg FDR correction and paired Hedges' g effect sizes were computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Large hysteresis effects were observed for postural sway (Hedges' g = 0.66-1.01) and moderate effects for theta-band EEG (|g| ≈ 0.5-0.65), particularly in peripheral vision under low illuminance. Stabilometry was significantly greater at 10 lx compared to higher illuminances (p < 0.05). The interaction between illuminance and illuminance-change direction was significant for total locus length per unit area (L/A) in peripheral vision under daylight color.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Postural control, but not autonomic function, exhibited strong history dependence in response to illuminance changes during 3D viewing. Findings suggest minimum illuminance guidelines (∼80-100 lx) and consideration of illuminance-ramp rates for VR safety and 3D content design.</p>","PeriodicalId":11707,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine","volume":"31 ","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Establishment of a fit prediction model of N95 respirator based on facial images.","authors":"Guifang Wang, Changwei Luo, Can Cui, Shengjin Wang, Jing Huang","doi":"10.1265/ehpm.26-00210","DOIUrl":"10.1265/ehpm.26-00210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11707,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine","volume":"31 ","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between meteorological conditions and dizziness-related ambulance transports: a population-based study in Kochi Prefecture, Japan.","authors":"Marina Minami, Seiji Hirota, Atsushi Morizane, Natsuko Nakamura, Hiroaki Ito, Masamitsu Eitoku, Atsufumi Kawauchi, Narufumi Suganuma, Kingo Nishiyama, Masato Miyauchi","doi":"10.1265/ehpm.26-00085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.26-00085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dizziness is a common but nonspecific symptom that frequently leads to emergency department visits and ambulance transports, particularly when symptoms are sudden or severe. Although meteorological conditions affect various acute health outcomes, we still know little of their associations with dizziness-related emergency transports. This study examined the relationship between short-term meteorological conditions and dizziness-related ambulance transports using population-based data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective population-based study using emergency transport record data from the Kochi-Iryo-Net database in Kochi Prefecture, Japan, between January 2017 and December 2023. Dizziness cases were identified based on physician-recorded diagnoses at the receiving medical institutions. Daily meteorological data were obtained from the Japan Meteorological Agency. The days were classified according to the number of dizziness-related ambulance transports (low-frequency days for dizziness-related ambulance transports, <5 per day vs. high-frequency days for dizziness-related ambulance transports, ≥5 per day). Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between meteorological conditions (e.g., mean air temperature, sea-level pressure, short-term temperature changes) and high-frequency days for dizziness-related ambulance transports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 270,120 eligible emergency transports were analyzed, including 8,981 dizziness-related cases. Dizziness-related ambulance transports tended to be more frequent during the summer months. A higher mean air temperature was consistently associated with increased odds of high-frequency days. Short-term increases in maximum temperature and smaller diurnal temperature ranges were also associated with high-frequency days, whereas the associations with sea-level pressure were weaker and less robust. The absolute differences in meteorological variables were modest.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher ambient temperatures and short-term temperature-related changes were associated with increased odds of high-frequency days for dizziness-related ambulance transports. Meteorological conditions may thus be associated with temporal variations in dizziness-related emergency transport demands. Further studies are warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms and specific causes of dizziness associated with these patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":11707,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine","volume":"31 ","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149237287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meeting WHO physical activity standards may promote greater gut microbiota diversity and preservation of Ruminococcus in community-dwelling older women.","authors":"Mitsuru Shibata, Etsuko Muraki, Satoko Nezu, Katsuya Fujii, Satoshi Nobusako, Kayoko Maehara, Yumi Nakaya","doi":"10.1265/ehpm.25-00335","DOIUrl":"10.1265/ehpm.25-00335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gut microbiota plays a crucial role not only in digestion but also in systemic physiological functions, including immune and neural regulation. High microbial diversity contributes to intestinal homeostasis, whereas reduced diversity has been associated with various diseases. Physical activity is reported to influence both the composition and function of gut microbiota; however, the impact of daily physical activity on gut microbiota in older adults remains poorly understood. This study exploratorily investigated the association between objectively measured daily physical activity and gut microbial diversity and composition in older women who are at increased risk of reduced physical activity and gut microbial dysbiosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study assessed daily physical activity using an accelerometer-based activity monitor in 73 community-dwelling older women. We classified participants as meeting (n = 56) or not meeting (n = 17) the World Health Organization (WHO) physical activity guidelines. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to evaluate gut microbial diversity and composition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants not meeting the WHO activity guidelines exhibited lower gut microbial diversity (Observed Features: 134 ± 23 vs. 161 ± 45, Chao1 index: 137 ± 24 vs. 167 ± 49, all p < 0.05) and distinct microbial community structures (weighted UniFrac distances, PERMANOVA, p < 0.05) as compared with those meeting the guidelines. In particular, the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing Ruminococcus was reduced in the less active group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Habitual daily physical activity was associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition in older women in this exploratory study. In particular, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus may reflect differences in gut microbial function. Future longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to further clarify causal relationships and support the development of personalized strategies to promote gut health and healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":11707,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine","volume":"31 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12909087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146200499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate with stroke risk in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: an integrated analysis of national and hospital cohorts.","authors":"Jun Mao, Xue Wang, Xin Zhang, Mengyao Yu, Zhuowen Hu, Wuping Sun","doi":"10.1265/ehpm.26-00008","DOIUrl":"10.1265/ehpm.26-00008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke is a leading cause of death in China. While chronic kidney disease is a known stroke risk factor, quantitative evidence on the graded relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and stroke risk in the Chinese population remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study integrated individual-level data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), including a prospective cohort (n = 7,786, follow-up from 2015 to 2020) and a cross-sectional cohort (n = 8,467, 2011 wave), alongside a hospital-based cross-sectional dataset (n = 1,649, including 839 patients with stroke). The association between eGFR (modeled as continuous and categorical variables) and stroke was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests were also performed. The dose-response relationship was examined using restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. Sensitivity analyses using multiple imputation were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reduced eGFR was consistently associated with higher stroke risk across all datasets. In the fully adjusted prospective model, each 1 mL/min/1.73 m² decrease in eGFR was associated with a 1.3% increase in stroke hazard (HR = 1.013, 95% CI: 1.006-1.020). Consistent associations were observed in the cross-sectional CHARLS cohort (OR = 1.020, 95% CI: 1.008-1.032) and the hospital cohort (OR = 1.026, 95% CI: 1.019-1.033). Kaplan-Meier curves showed significantly lower stroke-free survival in lower eGFR quartiles (log-rank P < 0.001). RCS analyses confirmed a linear inverse relationship in all datasets (P for overall < 0.001; P for nonlinear > 0.05). Subgroup analyses showed no significant effect modification by key demographics or comorbidities. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reduced eGFR is significantly and independently associated with increased stroke risk among Chinese adults aged ≥45 years, exhibiting a clear dose-response relationship. These findings support the potential utility of integrating renal function monitoring into stroke risk assessment and prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11707,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine","volume":"31 ","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147981078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A short-term association between hospitalizations for mental disorders and ambient temperature in Japan: an ecological study using the LIFE Study data.","authors":"Tasuku Okui, Hiroaki Fukushima, Megumi Maeda, Futoshi Oda, Naoki Nakashima, Haruhisa Fukuda","doi":"10.1265/ehpm.25-00377","DOIUrl":"10.1265/ehpm.25-00377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few studies have investigated the association between ambient temperature and the risk of mental disorders in Japan. In this study, we investigated a short-term association between the risk of hospitalizations for mental disorders and ambient temperature using municipal health insurance data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the data of the Longevity Improvement & Fair Evidence Study in Japan, and the data of 17 municipalities were employed in the analysis. The daily number of hospitalizations for schizophrenia, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders was used as the outcome variable. The time-stratified case-crossover design was employed in this ecological time-series study, and a distributed-lag non-linear model using a conditional quasi-Poisson regression model was employed to investigate an association between ambient temperature and hospitalizations for the abovementioned mental disorders. The model was applied to each municipality, and a multivariate meta-analysis was conducted to pool the results of municipalities. In addition, subgroup analyses by sex and age groups were conducted, and temperature-related attributable fractions of the mental disorders were also calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the overall cumulative effect of ambient temperature on hospitalizations for mental disorders indicated that the risk ratio (RR) tended to increase with an increase in temperature regardless of the type of mental disorder. An analysis by sex indicated that the RR tended to increase with an increase in temperature regardless of sex. In addition, an analysis by age group indicated that an increase in RR with increasing temperature was more evident in persons aged <65 years compared to those aged ≥65 years regardless of mental disorders, and that the temperature-related attributable fractions were also higher in persons aged <65 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher temperatures were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization for mental disorders in Japan, while the degree of the association differed by age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":11707,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine","volume":"31 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12950343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of sleep-related indicators measured in large population-based cohort studies in Japan.","authors":"Kenichi Ariyada, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Jaehoon Seol, Masashi Yanagisawa, Masao Iwagami","doi":"10.1265/ehpm.25-00277","DOIUrl":"10.1265/ehpm.25-00277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>How to measure sleep has been the primary focus of sleep epidemiological studies. To address the lack of systematic evaluation of sleep-related indicators, we reviewed large population-based cohort studies in Japan, focusing on whether sleep was measured subjectively or objectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Ichushi-Web, and official cohort study websites were systematically searched from January 1, 2004, to March 31, 2025, to identify studies that measured sleep-related indicators as exposures or outcomes in 19 large population-based cohorts in Japan. Data on sleep measurement methods and main study results were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 102 studies in 12 cohorts, 75 (74%) studies examined subjective sleep quantity or quality based on questionnaires, and 27 (26%) used objective measures of sleep. Among subjective measures, sleep duration was frequently self-reported (57 studies in 10 cohorts), while sleep quality was directly (e.g., \"Do you think you get enough sleep?\") or indirectly asked as part of sleep-related scores such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (51 studies in 10 cohorts). Regarding objective measures, the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study cohort measured 3% oxygen desaturation index by pulse oximetry (9 studies) and respiratory disturbance index by airflow monitor (1 study), Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study used actigraphy (1 study), Nagahama cohort used pulse oximetry (12 studies) and actigraphy (13 studies), and Tohoku Medical Megabank Project used actigraphy (1 study) and contactless biomotion sleep sensor (2 studies).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Population-based cohort studies in Japan have predominantly relied on subjective measures of sleep, while the number of studies using objective measures has been increasing.</p>","PeriodicalId":11707,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine","volume":"31 ","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13057876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term effects of urban versus forest bathing on stress, mood, sleep, immune function, and metabolic health: a randomized, open-label, 2 × 2 crossover trial.","authors":"Xiangheng Dai, Dongteng Liao, Jianghua Ouyang, Hongwei Xiao, Zhongjie Tian, Liujin Qiu, Jinmei Yang, Hao Wang, Daocheng Gong, Zhaojia Li, Xu Wang, Yunsong Xu, Xiang Fang, Jianmin Tan, Meixiang Huang, Beidi Zhou, Huagui Peng, Yihua Peng, Qiang Wu","doi":"10.1265/ehpm.26-00092","DOIUrl":"10.1265/ehpm.26-00092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence regarding the effects of forest bathing on young adults, particularly in low-latitude regions, remains limited. A more comprehensive understanding of its psychological and physiological impacts is needed to inform its potential role in public health.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the short-term effects of forest versus urban exposure on stress, mood, sleep quality, immune-related parameters, and metabolic markers in healthy young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized, open-label, 2 × 2 crossover trial, 36 participants were assigned to forest-urban or urban-forest sequences with a 1-week washout period. Participants walked 2.5 km twice daily in each environment. Psychological scales and fasting blood samples were collected before and after each intervention. Linear mixed-effects models accounting for period and sequence effects were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forest bathing significantly reduced perceived stress (PSS: 22.3 to 20.7) and mood disturbance (POMS: 104.6 to 93.2), and improved sleep quality (SRSS: 20.5 to 18.0) and insomnia severity (AIS: 6.2 to 4.8), whereas no comparable improvements were observed following urban exposure. Hematological analyses revealed modest reductions in total white blood cell count and selected leukocyte subsets after forest bathing, with values remaining within physiological ranges. Forest exposure was also associated with small decreases in fasting blood glucose and log-transformed triglycerides. In contrast, DHEA-S levels increased following urban exposure but remained stable during forest exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In healthy young adults, short-term forest bathing was associated with robust improvements in psychological well-being and sleep quality, accompanied by modest physiological modulation compared with urban exposure. These findings support the potential role of forest environments as a complementary strategy for stress reduction, while the clinical significance of short-term biological changes warrants further investigation.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR2500096972).</p>","PeriodicalId":11707,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine","volume":"31 ","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148826624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effects of nitrogen dioxide and ozone air pollution on maternal liver function during pregnancy: a birth cohort study in China.","authors":"Zhijian Chen, Zhongai Ouyang, Weigui Ni, Bingyi Lin, Haoqu Zheng, Long Jiang, Bo Wu, Lijuan Lai, Minting Zhu, Yi Jing, Zhuang Liu, Xi Yu, Jingjie Fan","doi":"10.1265/ehpm.26-00057","DOIUrl":"10.1265/ehpm.26-00057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃) exposure is associated with alterations in liver function, but epidemiological evidence in pregnant women remains limited, especially regarding the combined effects. This study aimed to investigate the associations of exposure to NO₂ and O₃ with maternal liver function and their roles in the combined effect of air pollutant mixture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A birth cohort study with 11,909 pregnant women was conducted in Shenzhen, China. Exposure concentration of air pollutants during the first trimester were assessed based on the residential addresses of the pregnant women. Generalized additive model was used to analyze the association of NO₂ and O₃ exposure with maternal liver function. Furthermore, quantile G-computation model was used to investigate the combined effects of air pollutant mixture and the contribution of each pollutant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each 10 µg/m³ increase in first-trimester NO₂ exposure was associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TBIL) in both the second trimester (ALT: 15.45%, 95% CI: 10.12%, 21.04%; TBIL: 6.69%, 95% CI: 3.75%, 9.72%) and third trimester (ALT: 3.89%, 95% CI: 0.32%, 7.59%; TBIL: 9.27%, 95% CI: 6.52%, 12.10%). For O₃, first-trimester exposure showed a positive association with second-trimester TBIL (2.03%, 95% CI: 1.25%, 2.81%), but was inversely associated with third-trimester ALT (-2.73%, 95% CI: -3.86%, -1.58%) and TBIL (-0.81%, 95% CI: -1.45%, -0.17%). These associations remained significant in the two-pollutant model. The Qgcomp analysis revealed that a one-quartile increase in the air pollutant mixture was associated with a 2.05% (95% CI: 0.56%, 3.56%) increase in third-trimester TBIL, with NO₂ accounting for 55.6% of the positive weight in the model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>First-trimester NO₂ exposure was associated with elevated maternal liver function biomarkers in both the second and third trimesters, while O₃ showed trimester-dependent associations. Exposure to air pollutant mixture was associated with increased third-trimester TBIL, and NO₂ may be the predominant relative contributor. These findings highlight the need for further studies and public health attention to air pollution exposure during pregnancy to protect maternal and fetal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":11707,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine","volume":"31 ","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint associations of leisure-time physical activity and daily sitting time with mortality among US adults classified as CKM stages 0-3: a prospective cohort study of NHANES 2007-2018.","authors":"Sufang Xu, Jiaming Huang, Lingrong Hu, Xiaoming Li, Shumin Zhao, Kaihong Chen, Liling Chen","doi":"10.1265/ehpm.26-00088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.26-00088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior studies have linked physical activity to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) prevalence or mortality and sedentary behavior to CKM severity, and both behaviors are established mortality risk factors in the general population; however, prospective evidence on their joint associations with cause-specific mortality across CKM stages 0-3 remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 8,556 NHANES 2007-2018 participants aged ≥20 years with CKM stages 0-3, complete prespecified covariates, and a positive fasting-subsample weight. Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) was categorized as inactive (0 min/week), insufficient (>0 to <150 min/week), or sufficient (≥150 min/week); daily sitting time was categorized as <6, 6 to <8, or ≥8 h/day. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality; cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-CVD mortality were secondary outcomes. Survey-design-based Cox models incorporated the 12-year fasting weight, strata, and primary sampling units. Multiplicative and additive interactions were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 6.75 years, 670 deaths occurred, including 175 CVD and 495 non-CVD deaths. In fully adjusted models, sufficient versus no LTPA was associated with lower all-cause (hazard ratio [HR], 0.630; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.483-0.822), CVD (HR, 0.536; 95% CI, 0.297-0.969), and non-CVD mortality (HR, 0.662; 95% CI, 0.478-0.916). Sitting ≥8 versus <6 h/day was associated with higher all-cause (HR, 1.506; 95% CI, 1.253-1.810), CVD (HR, 1.845; 95% CI, 1.246-2.732), and non-CVD mortality (HR, 1.406; 95% CI, 1.109-1.782). Compared with sufficient LTPA and sitting <6 h/day, <150 min/week of LTPA combined with sitting ≥8 h/day was associated with all-cause (HR, 1.972; 95% CI, 1.429-2.721), CVD (HR, 2.493; 95% CI, 1.232-5.045), and non-CVD mortality (HR, 1.806; 95% CI, 1.202-2.712). Multiplicative interaction was not detected for all-cause (P = 0.951) or non-CVD mortality (P = 0.274); the CVD interaction signal (P = 0.016) was exploratory because it depended on a joint category with few events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher LTPA and shorter sitting time were independently associated with lower mortality among US adults with CKM stages 0-3. Joint categories identified a higher-risk behavioral pattern, but did not establish that LTPA offsets the risk of prolonged sitting.</p>","PeriodicalId":11707,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine","volume":"31 ","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149237284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}