Analele Banatului XXVII 2019最新文献

{"title":"Cetatea Jdioara – sfârșit de drum (1693-1701) / The Fortress at Jdioara – End of a Story (1693-1701)","authors":"Costin Feneșan","doi":"10.55201/bhuy7633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/bhuy7633","url":null,"abstract":"Built at the end of the 13th or the beginning of the 14th century, the royal fortress/castle at Jdioara, located on the road from Caransebeş to Lugoj, was part of the defensive chain in the Banatic highlands against the Turkish penetration, as well as a checkpoint on the road to Transylvania. During that time the fortress/castle at Jdioara changed several owners, from voyvods of Transylvania (John Pongrácz of Dindeleag), princes of Hungary (John Corvinus, natural son of king Mathias Corvinus) or leaders (ban) of the so-called banat of Caransebeş and Lugoj (Steven Tompa, Paul Keresztesi) to some members of local highranking noble families (Macskási/Măcicaş of Tincova, Fiat of Armeniş/Caransebeş, Jósika of Caransebeş/Brănişca). %e last known owner of Jdioara before the Turkish seize of the banat of Caransebş and Lugoj in 1658 was Sigismund Jósika, son of the former Transylvanian chancellor Steven Jósika. During the war between Austria and the Ottoman Empire the former banat, as well as the fortress/castle at Jdioara, passed in the years from 1688 to 1699, for longer or shorter periods of time, from one hand to the other. Gabriel Jósika, a descendent of Sigimund Jósika, along with many noble-fellows fleeing from Caransebeş in 1658, returned with the Austrian army, seizing the opportunity to request the restitution of the lost real estates, among them the fortress/castle of Jdioara. General Federico Veterani, the commander in chief of Transylvania, granted to Gabriel Jósika (a man having a consistent political career in the autonomous Principality of Transylvania and thereafter under Habsburg rule) the possession of Jdioara and the surrounding villages by a donation-deed from January 24th, 1693. At the suggestion of the Imperial Court-Chamber (kaiserliche Hofkammer), Emperor Leopold Ist has decided that Jósika, as well as his other fellow-nobles, is to be considered only as a user and in no case as a full owner of the acquired estates, on the principle of uti possidetis. A final decision on the real possession was postponed after the conclusion of a peace with the Porte. During a journey to Vienna in the spring of 1697, Gabriel Jósika tried to obtain, by means of a petition filed to the Emperor, the acknowledgment of his full possession on Jdioara, but with no chance to succeed. Meanwhile, the treaty of peace concluded at Karlowitz (January 26th, 1699) granted the whole province of Banat to the Ottoman Empire, compelling Austria to demolish all occupied fortresses/castles, including Jdioara, before leaving the territory. %e final Austro-Turkish convention from December 2nd, 1700 on the border-delimitation had put an end to all hopes of Gabriel Jósika. On January 19th, 1701, from his camp on the river Bistra, major general count Luigi Ferdinando Marsili, imperial commissioner in the region, ordered major Leopold Friedrich Ungar de Merana, commander in Caransebeş and of the military border in the Banatic highlands, to proceed without any delay to the d","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115239143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E. Istvánovits, V. Kulcsár, Sarmatians: History and Archaeology of a Forgotten People (Monographien des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums. Band 123), Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Mainz 2017 (ISBN 978-3-88467-237-2), 501 pages, 329 figures.","authors":"L. Grumeza","doi":"10.55201/axny7538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/axny7538","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114698102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piese de armament african din colecția Muzeului Național al Banatului (sec. XIX-XX) / African weaponry in the collection of the National Museum of Banat (19th–20th centuries)","authors":"Zoran Marcov","doi":"10.55201/jgvr2487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/jgvr2487","url":null,"abstract":"e collection of weapons of the National Museum of Banat in Timişoara currently includes ten pieces attributed with certainty to the African space, all ten objects falling into the category of cold weapons. Even though it is numerically small, the Timişoara collection includes five different types of cold weapons: 1. A Kaskara-type Sudanese broadsword; 2. A Shotel-type Ethiopian sword and a Mandingo-type West African sword; 3. Two Gabonese Fang daggers, one Congolese Konda dagger and one Sudanese Khanjar dagger; 4. Two Marutse-Mambunda battle axes; 5. A Zande-type Central African arrow quiver. e Timişoara collection covers a vast geographical area, from Sudan and Ethiopia in the east, to Mali and Gabon in the west, and from the central part of the continent, respectively the Congo area, to the south-eastern extremity of Black Africa. e Timişoara collection includes both weapons of Islamic influence, in the geographical area that separates the north of the continent from sub-Saharan Africa, and pieces typical of Black Africa, attributed to indigenous tribes who lived in the central and southern part of the continent. Islamic influence, especially Persian, is found mainly in Sudan, in Northeast Africa, where many types of cold weapons made after the Iranian model were used at the end of the nineteenth century.A special feature of African pieces is related to the materials and techniques used to make them. In the northern half of the continent, predominantly Muslim, the skins of various reptiles were used to cover the scabbard and handles (the most extravagant pieces are those covered in crocodile skin), and some less used metal-chemical techniques practiced in Europe (a process in which the calligraphic inscriptions were embossed on the surface of the steel). Among the weapons from the Black African area, the most spectacular pieces are the Gabonese daggers, which stand out with an extravagant design and superior quality of the materials used.Of the ten African weapons in the NMoB collection, two are purely ceremonial pieces, not designed for use on the battlefield. e two Sudanese weapons, the Kaskara broadsword and the Khanjar dagger, have many characteristics typical of ceremonial pieces: blunt edges, thinness and fragility of the blades, scabbards made of cardboard reinforced with textile material, then covered in crocodile skins.Regarding the dating of African weapons in the NMoB collection, we can propose a general dating ranging from the 19th century to the first decades of the following century. We also have more accurate dates of some of the pieces. is is the case of the two Marutse-Mambunda battle axes, picked up by the Czech explorer Emil Holub during his South African expeditions in the second half of the 19th century. e two pieces are also the oldest African weapons in the NMoB collection, having been inventoried in the fall of 1894. In terms of provenance, along with the Holub donation, we must also mention the batch of weapons inventor","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124063185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depozitul de bronzuri de la Gherla, județul Cluj / The Bronze Hoard from Gherla, Cluj County","authors":"I. Bejinariu, Alin Henţ","doi":"10.55201/tcxa6086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/tcxa6086","url":null,"abstract":"A bronze deposit preserved in the collections of the Gherla History Museum was discovered a few years ago in a wooded area situated in the southwestern parts of the Municipality of Gherla. !e entire deposit consists of 17 bronze objects: a winged axe, a bronze celt, bronze sickles, two bracelets, a funnel-shaped bronze pendant with oval base, two fragments of bronze swords, a spearhead, a fragment of a bronze bar (or ingot) and two plano-convex ingots (bronze/copper). !e discovery is one of medium size, weighing 2, 222 kg and consists of an association of the type weapons – tools – ornaments – raw material. !e bronze deposit discovered at Gherla can be attributed to the Suseni-type deposits, relatively well represented by findings on the territory of Transylvania, characterized by the association of a small number of manufactured objects with a few pieces of raw material. From a chronological point of view this discovery can be placed in the Ha A1 period. Undoubtedly the most interesting piece in the bronze deposit from Gherla is the Dražice-type funnel-shaped pendant. To the best of our knowledge this artefact is the only object of this type found on the territory of Transylvania. Moreover, it is probably the easternmost discovery of a pendant of this type in comparison to its production centres located in the area of the Piliny culture. !e presence of this object among our discoveries can give us important clues regarding the relations and mobility that existed between the Transylvanian space and the northern parts of Hungary, respectively the southern area of Slovakia where the discoveries of the Piliny culture are documented during the Late Bronze Age period. Most probably these connections can be related to the exploitation and distribution of salt from Transylvanian sources to the western plain areas, densely populated, but lacking this vital resource. !e deposition of bronze objects in the vicinity of salt sources is rather indicative in this regard.","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124578587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compartimentul de Arte Vizuale al Muzeului Național al Banatului și îmbogățirea patrimoniului în anul 2018 / The Visual Arts Department within the National Museum of Banat and the Heritage Enrichment during the year 2018","authors":"Marius Cornea","doi":"10.55201/sizg8170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/sizg8170","url":null,"abstract":"By publishing this article, we aim to illustrate the strategy of acquiring cultural assets and attracting gifts of such art objects in order to enrich the heritage of the Visual Arts Department established in December 2017 within the National Museum of Banat. During the year 2018, a large number objects, more exactly 4,506 items, were registered in the inventories of the Visual Arts Department, out of which 4,338 objects received as gifts, of extremely diverse typologies: paintings, sculptures, graphic works, ceramic, glass and metal objects, furniture, textiles and clothing accessories from different periods, and the archive of Virgil Birou (1903–1968), writer and art collector. In addition, with the financial support of the Timiş County Council, there were purchased 168 art objects.","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117039330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cît din substratul lexical al limbii române e dacic? / How much of the lexical substratum of the Romanian language is Dacian?","authors":"D. Ungureanu","doi":"10.55201/xpdu9765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/xpdu9765","url":null,"abstract":"The article is a comprehensive review of the research (to date) on the lexical substratum of Romanian. For many words belonging to the substratum, Celtic, Alpine, Italic etymologies are available. We should therefore dispense with the Dacian, racian or Balcanic hypothesis for most of these words, all the more so considering the scant evidence about these languages. e methodological rigor imposes a conclusion – that there is no compelling evidence of an influence of the Dacian language on the Latin that would later evolve into Romanian.","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126281430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Date noi si mai vechi in legătură cu fortificația romană de la Mehadia (jud. Caraș-Severin) / New and older data about the Roman fortification from Mehadia (Caraș-Severin County)","authors":"Călin Timoc","doi":"10.55201/kqmt3324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/kqmt3324","url":null,"abstract":"e Roman camp from Mehadia has been systematically researched in several moments over the last hundred years. However, the internal plan of the fortification could not be established precisely due to the many late interventions that the Romans undertook in the area, but also as a result of serious floods caused by overflow of the Bolvaşniţa River and Belareca River, fast mountain waters which affected the integrity of the site. Doina Benea, who established the last chronology of the fortification at Mehadia, considers that the last users of the camp perimeter were the limitanei (peasant soldiers) from the Constantinian period of the Roman Army, conclusions based on some discoveries in the area of the gates that indicated architectural changes of the towers and entrance. However, the 18th-century Habsburg cartographic sources give us indications that during the Austro-Turkish confrontations this castellum with visible vallum system and defense ditch was used, leaving even material traces that archaeologists did not recognize or that did not take them into account.","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122398172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probleme de atribuire ale unor lucrări din colecțiile bănățene semnate de artiști cu nume de familie Wagner / The assignment issues regarding/of some works affiliated to the collections from Banat signed by artists representing the Wagner surname","authors":"Elena Miklósik","doi":"10.55201/jnyg4320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/jnyg4320","url":null,"abstract":"e book regarding the artists from Timişoara signed by István Berkeszi in 1909, Temesvári művészek, emphasises the activity of the two painters settled in the citadel of Timişoara in the second half of the 18th century. Yet this path breaking book has also initiated several incorrect theories concerning the first artists settled in the town. us, the author states that Johann Michael Wagner, the artist migrated here from Vienna, might have been the father of the painter from Timişoara, Anselm Wagner. By acquiring the items of art signed or only assigned to Anselm, the book’s author, who had also been the museum’s custodian at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, he also increased the museum’s collections with numerous works connected to this painter’s active period of time. In his enthusiasm expressed in the disclosure of Anselm Wagner, the first academic painter from Timişoara, Berkeszi assigned a great deal of works to him. In the historiography of the art from Banat (and not only) the paintings and pastels – although obviously different from the technical and stylistic viewpoint – are mentioned as valuable creations of this artist from Timişoara at the end of the century. However, the pastel works inserted in the collection of the former Museum of Archeology and History were created by another painter, a traveller to these lands, József Frigyes Wagner, the one who had made numerous works like this for the limited partners from the region while wandering all over Transylvania. Berkeszi’s book, a very good book of reference illustrating the artistic context of this period of time (from the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century) was also cited by most art critics as all data provided by the author were assumed. e article undertakes the presentation of some information and corrections regarding the biography and creation of the three Wagner artists (Johann Michael Wagner, Anselmus Wagner and József Frigyes Wagner) whose works can be found in the collections from Banat.","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115533150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explorări în microuniversul mitologic la Ardeu. Despre uriași și comori / Exploring the mythological micro-universe at Ardeu. About giants and treasures","authors":"I. V. Ferencz","doi":"10.55201/qcgq9804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/qcgq9804","url":null,"abstract":"About the archaeological discoveries from Ardeu (Balşa commune, Hunedoara county), many pages have been written over time1. We tried to present a different overview on the site „Ardeu-Cetăţuie”2. On this paper we set out to undertake an exploration of the mythological micro-universe, in the form in which it is still preserved among the members of the community of Ardeu village. %e investigation is based on small sequences collected from local folklore, directly from the locals, during the research campaigns, as well as by the Hunedoara journalist Laura Oana. %e study area is located in the south of the Apuseni Mountains3, in a place dominated by rocky cliffs (Fig. 1) and caves, where there are traces of habitation of populations from many historical times.%e walls of some fortifications, visible for centuries on top of the Cetăţuie hill, were a source of inspiration for the collective imaginary of the place, allowing the adaptation of some archetypes widespread in mythology, to the geographical framework of the place. %us, we had the opportunity to capture details that ensure the connection with the intimate environment of popular beliefs. We noticed the persistence of a series of significant elements, with their own function, which are correlated with each other: giants and their homes, huge guardians and/or treasure owners, underground rooms and tombs of giants. In the mythical universe, the giants lived in “Colţ”, on/in Dealul Cetăţuie (Cetăţeauă), an archeological site registered in the National Archaeological Repertory and in the List of monuments and archeological sites. From the point of view of archeological research, the association of the site with the treasures brings disadvantages, and the activity of the treasure hunters can only be classified as harmful for the national cultural heritage.%e material proof of the presence of the giants at Ardeu, in antiquity, is a skeleton, or rather the accidentally unearthed head of a person with larger dimensions than the usual ones. As it is still preserved, the legends with and about giants are part of the general structure and limits of the genre, with details that are widespread, in large spaces, but also with some particular ones. %ese fairy tales and stories are in a process of updating, but nevertheless we tried to understand their ancestral meanings and to draw research directions124.%e folklore of Ardeu village is vast unexplored land, in full transformation, land from which representative details are lost every day. Sequences of the mythological universe can still be recovered in Ardeu, such as the set of customs during the winter seasons, whose „piece of resistance” is represented by Căluşerii","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125466275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Late Bronze Age settlement at Șagu and the early use of the channeled pottery","authors":"V. Sava","doi":"10.55201/txyw4742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/txyw4742","url":null,"abstract":"e new radiocarbon dates coming from the Late Bronze Age settlement in Șagu-Site A1_1 offer a new perspective on the emergence and distribution of channelled pottery. e association of radiocarbon dates with pottery coming from clear contexts proves that channelled pottery appeared in significant amounts as early as the 16th century BC. is circumstance also has an impact on the inner chronology of the Cruceni-Belegiš pottery, with the new available data outlining once more the lack of a clear definition regarding the evolution of this pottery style. At the same time, this early dating of the channelled pottery uncovered in Șagu leads to a reassessment of the origin and distribution patterns of this pottery decoration technique within the entire eastern Carpathian Basin.","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125750974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}