Analele Banatului XXVII 2019最新文献

{"title":"Students from Temesvár/Timişoara Studying at Foreign Universities in the Middle Ages","authors":"István Petrovics","doi":"10.55201/kkvo3060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/kkvo3060","url":null,"abstract":"e study consists of four chapters that are followed by a list containing the names of students who attended the University of Vienna and that of Cracow prior to 1552. e first chapter that goes after the part in which the author recalls his personal memories about Alxandru Szentmiklosi, gives a brief overview of medieval Central European universities (Prague, Cracow and Vienna). In the second chapter the author discusses the circumstances of foundation as well as the activity of medieval Hungarian universities (Pécs, Óbuda, Pozsony). e third chapter outlines the main tendencies and results of research into the history of the Hungarian peregrinatio academica in the Middle Ages. e fourth chapter deals with the history of medieval peregrination in relation to the DanubeTisza/Tisa-Maros/Mureş region in general and to Temesvár/Timişoara in particular. As a result of his research the author, by utilizing the new publications of primary and secondary sources, identified 61 persons from medieval Temesvár/Timişoara who attended foreign universities (Vienna: 35, Cracow: 25 and Bologna: 1) prior to 1552.","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117249346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living Downtown. An Early Iron Age Settlement Discovered in the Center of Timișoara","authors":"A. Georgescu","doi":"10.55201/tlgt1693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/tlgt1693","url":null,"abstract":"e rescue excavations that were coordinated by Alexandru Szentmiklosi in the Piaţa Unirii ( e Union Square) from Timişoara revealed important aspects from the history of medieval and modern city of Timişoara. Unexpected was the discovery of three Early Iron Age features. One of the features was a sunken dwelling, while the others were two shafts. While the dwelling was seriously damaged by later constructions, the shafts provided relevant information regarding water management strategies but also concerning spiritual aspects of this community. e settlement can be dated to the Late Hallstatt period, a chronological horizon which has been only scantly investigated so far in the Banat region.","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"41 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125751960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspecte privitoare la sistemul de carantină din Banat în secolul al XVIII-lea / Aspects of the quarantine system in Banat in the 18 th century","authors":"Ciprian Glăvan","doi":"10.55201/xgsr6820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/xgsr6820","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemics always posed a danger for the human communities. One of the most terrible and feared diseases was the plague. Confronted with this problem, the authorities of the XVIII-th century issued a set of directives to try to tackle this problem. Similar measures were taken to avoid the spread of zoonotic diseases. Unfortunately, in the XVIII-th century, there was still a large gap between the noble intentions of theoreticians or the directives of the authorities and the reality in the rural world, as the lives of the villagers would be negatively influenced by adverse weather conditions or the insufficient fertility of the soil. In turn, insufficient food and poor hygiene would make the inhabitants of the rural world more prone to the spread of epidemic diseases. In spite of this, the situation improved gradually during the XVIII-th century and later. However, the quarantine system of the military border, which extended along the frontier between the Habsburg and the Ottoman Empire, proved to be an efficient system to avoid the spread of the plague from the Ottoman provinces in the Habsburg monarchy and generally in Central and Western Europe. #is quarantine system had a clear set of rules, which had to be applied according to the geographical proximity and the level of danger posed by an outbreak of plague in the Ottoman Empire. Generally, the people who came from the Ottoman Empire had to stay for a certain period in quarantine and during this period their goods were washed and cleaned of any potential infection using different methods. #e punishments for those who tried to avoid this quarantine system were severe, ranging from prison to execution. Two documents from the county archives, presented in this study, allow for a better understanding of the concrete quarantine measures taken by the central and local authorities in different epidemiological situations.","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115855701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspecte ale vieţii politice în judeţul Timiş-Torontal în prima jumătate a anului 1946 / Aspects de la vie politique dans le département de Timiş-Torontal pendant la première moitié de l’année 1946","authors":"Eusebiu Narai","doi":"10.55201/qoiw6002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/qoiw6002","url":null,"abstract":"La fin de la „grève royale” (janvier 1946), grâce à la remaniation du gouvernement dr. Pierre Groza, par l’inclusion de deux représentants du rang secondaire des partis traditionnels (Parti National Paysan-Maniu et Parti National Libéral-Bratiano), à la suite des contraintes des trois Grands Pouvoirs vainqueurs dans la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale, a été succédée par la reconnaissance du gouvernement pro-communiste par la Grande Brétagne et les États-Unis, à condition de respecter les droits fondamentals de l’homme et d’organiser des élections libres, le plus vite possible. La première moitié de l’année 1946 a été marquée par des événements politiques importants, visibles, aussi, au niveau du département de Timiş-Torontal: la transformation de l’Union des Patriotes (organisation de masse du Parti Communiste) dans le Parti National-Populaire, destiné à inclure les intellectuels; le Congrès extraordinaire du Parti Social-Démocrate, qui a consacré la victoire de l’„aile” pro-communiste (Radaceano-Voitec); les démissions, les destitutions, les sanctions disciplinaires et les exclusions parmi les membres des deux partis ouvriers (Parti Social-Démocrate et Parti Communiste Roumain); la continuation de l’action de déportation des allemands dans l’Union Soviétique, décidée par la Commission Alliée de Contrôle, motif de querelle entre le Parti Communiste Roumain et le Parti Social-Démocrate; l’implication du Front Unique Ouvrier et du Front National Démocratique dans l’apaisement des conflits de travail et des questions sociales, en général; la surveillance de l’activité des anciens légionnaires; l’organisation d’une nouvelle alliance politique, le Bloc des Partis Démocratiques, aussi dominée par le Parti Communiste, de la même manière avec l’alliance précédente (le Front National Démocratique); le déclenchement de la campagne électorale, qui sera dominée par de nombreux abus, illégalités et désordres, le but final de celle-ci en étant l’élimination de l’opposition réelle (représentée par le Parti National Paysan-Maniu, le Parti National Libéral-Bratiano et le Parti Social-Démocrate Indépendant, dirigé par l’ancien président social-démocrate, l’avocat Constantin-Titel Petresco) et la légitimation, par le vote populaire, de la coalition gouvernementale, contrôlée, presque toute entière, par le Parti Communiste Roumain.En conclusion, dans la première moitié de l’année 1946, la vie politique du département de Timiş-Torontal s’avérer assez agité, en se préparant la confrontation finale entre le Pouvoir et l’Opposition, ayant des conceptions antagoniques concernant l’évolution de la société roumaine.","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126424076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Date radiocarbon din situl arheologic de la Turdaș-Luncă (cercetările preventive ale Anului 2011) (V). Cronologia absolută a Culturii Turdaș în situl eponim acesteia","authors":"S. A. Luca, T. Sava, Maria Ilie, Andreea Dima, Daniela Pascal, Gabriela O. Sava, Cristian Mănăilescu, Florentin Perianu, Raluca Teodorescu, A. Luca","doi":"10.55201/fszo9823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/fszo9823","url":null,"abstract":"Preventive archaeological research from 2011 led to sensational discoveries. Between these, samples were collected for the extraction of radiocarbon data. We analyze them in these lines. !ey belong to the epochs: early Neolithic and Eneolithic (Turdaş culture), developed Eneolithic (Petreşti culture) and the classical dacian period (1 st century BC – 2 nd century AD). We have, at this moment, the first stratigraphic column corroborated with absolute chronological data of the site that gives the name of the Turdaş culture.We analized 40 samples that were collected from closed archaeological features (deep dwellings, pillar pits, ritual pits). !e radiocarbon data obtained (from coal remains and animal bones) corroborated with stratigraphhic observations led to the absolute and relative chronology of the from Luncă point, but also to an absolute chronology of the Turdaş culture,a cultural phenomenon distinct from the Vinća culture. It influences it to a small extent (phase Ia (fig. 33–40; table VI; graph 11–12) and b (fig. 24–32; table VI; graph 9–10); phase I/II (fig. 19–23; table V; graph 7–8); phase II (fig. 11–18; table IV; graph 5–6); phase II/III (fig. 8–10; table III) and phase III (fig. 5–7; table III; graph 3–4). !e next culture – Petreşti – is illustrated by the samples from fig. 3–4; table II; graph 2, and the classical dacian period through those from fig. 1–2; table I; graph 1). In graph 13 we have a general illustration of the evolution of radiocarbon data for Turdaş and Petreşti culture.All these firm data will bring a little peace in the souls of those seeking successes not achieved through work, but through speculation.","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124651378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magia ascunsă a unor amulete din Dacia preromană. În legătură cu un pandantiv-căldărușă din sudul Transilvaniei / The hidden magic of some amulets from pre-Roman Dacia. About a bucket-shaped pendant discovered in southern Transylvania","authors":"A. Rustoiu","doi":"10.55201/mdna7835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/mdna7835","url":null,"abstract":"A bucket-shaped pendant was recently discovered by treasure hunters in southern Transylvania, in the Dacian fortresse from Tilişca probably. More than two decades ago, it was noted that among the pendants from pre-Roman Dacia was a category of finds made of bronze or iron which resemble the shape of a miniature bucket. #ese pendants were worn around the neck on strings, sometimes in combination with other items, for example glass beads. Chronologically, such pendants were used in the Dacian environment from the 1st century BC, but they are more numerous in contexts dated to the 1st century AD. Similar ornaments were also used in the following centuries in different cultural areas, for example in the territory of the Przeworsk culture, among the communities belonging to the Carpic culture or in the Sarmatian environment. It can be therefore presumed that the use of the pendants in question had a “supra-regional” character. In pre-Roman Dacia, they are mostly encountered in the areas outside the Carpathians range, mainly in Dacian settlements on the Siret valley, whereas similar finds are quite scarce in Transylvania. More recently, the number of finds has increased due to several archaeological investigations. Some examples are provided by the investigations carried out in the garden of the medieval castle at Hunedoara, in south-western Transylvania, which unearthed a cult place used since the Early Iron Age for various ritual practices, including votive offerings and human cremations and inhumations. Regarding the function of these pendants, Pliny the Elder lists numerous medical or protective remedies based on mineral, vegetal or animal substances. In order to be efficient, these had to get in close contact with the “patient”, so different means were used to keep them attached to the body. #ese included different types of containers which could have been made of organic materials, for example leather or textiles, while others were made of more durable materials, for example metal. One of the better known examples is the bulla, which was used in the Etruscan and Roman environment. #e bucket-shaped pendants more likely had fulfilled a similar role, holding medical and protective remedies of organic origin. Since they were lacking a lid, their contents could have been replaced according to the necessities. #eir presumed apotropaic function is also supported by their association with strings of glass beads and other metal pieces. Aside from these pendants, some bracelets having a split middle or a small middle tube have been identified in pre-Roman Dacia, but also in other cultural areas. #e small tubes were more likely used in the same way as the bucket-shaped pendants mentioned above. Various materials of mineral, vegetal, or animal origin could have been inserted to protect the owners of the respective bracelets (see Pliny the Elder, Nat. Hist. XXVIII. 9 and 47). Both the pendants and the bracelets were worn in a very visible manner, though their","PeriodicalId":117073,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XXVII 2019","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130013735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}