Entropy最新文献_第9页

Ring Oscillators with Additional Phase Detectors as a Random Source in a Random Number Generator.

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.3390/e27010015

Łukasz Matuszewski, Mieczysław Jessa, Jakub Nikonowicz

{"title":"Ring Oscillators with Additional Phase Detectors as a Random Source in a Random Number Generator.","authors":"Łukasz Matuszewski, Mieczysław Jessa, Jakub Nikonowicz","doi":"10.3390/e27010015","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27010015","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a method to enhance the performance of a random number generator (RNG) that exploits ring oscillators (ROs). Our approach employs additional phase detectors to extract more entropy; thus, RNG uses fewer resources to produce bit sequences that pass all statistical tests proposed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Generating a specified number of bits is on-demand, eliminating the need for continuous RNG operation. This feature enhances the security of the produced sequences, as eavesdroppers are unable to observe the continuous random bit generation process, such as through monitoring power lines. Furthermore, our research demonstrates that the proposed RNG's perfect properties remain unaffected by the manufacturer of the field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) used for implementation. This independence ensures the RNG's reliability and consistency across various FPGA manufacturers. Additionally, we highlight that the tests recommended by the NIST may prove insufficient in assessing the randomness of the output bit streams produced by RO-based RNGs.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11765424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship Between the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, M_W7.1 Earthquake and Its M_W6.4 Foreshock Sequence.

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.3390/e27010016

Jianchang Zheng, Zhengshuai Zhang, Xiaohan Li

{"title":"Relationship Between the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, MW7.1 Earthquake and Its MW6.4 Foreshock Sequence.","authors":"Jianchang Zheng, Zhengshuai Zhang, Xiaohan Li","doi":"10.3390/e27010016","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27010016","url":null,"abstract":"The 2019 Ridgecrest MW7.1 earthquake has received significant attention due to its complex fault activity. It is also noticeable for its MW6.4 foreshock sequence. There are intricate dynamic relationships between earthquakes in such vigorous sequences. Based on the relocated catalogue, we adopt the nearest neighbour algorithm to analyze its foreshock and aftershock sequences. Detailed links and family structures of the sequence are obtained. The results show that a MW5.0 event at 03:16 (UTC) on 6 July is a direct foreshock of the MW7.1 mainshock. It is likely related to barriers on the northwest-striking fault. The MW6.4 event on 4 July is characterized as a complex conjugate rupture. Notably, a magnitude 4.0 event occurred on the northwest-striking fault before the MW6.4 event, establishing it as a direct foreshock. The Ridgecrest sequence is predominantly influenced by northwest fault activity. It first caused small fractures on the northwest-striking fault. Then, it triggered conjugate slips on the southwest-striking fault. Lastly, it led to larger ruptures on the northwest-striking fault.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11765204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improved Entropy-Based Condition Monitoring for Pressure Pipeline Through Acoustic Denoising.

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.3390/e27010010

Yu Wan, Shaochen Lin, Chuanling Jin, Yan Gao, Yang Yang

{"title":"Improved Entropy-Based Condition Monitoring for Pressure Pipeline Through Acoustic Denoising.","authors":"Yu Wan, Shaochen Lin, Chuanling Jin, Yan Gao, Yang Yang","doi":"10.3390/e27010010","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27010010","url":null,"abstract":"During long-term operation in complex environments, the pressure pipeline systems are prone to damage and faults, and serious safety accidents may occur without real-time condition monitoring. Moreover, in traditional non-contact monitoring approaches, acoustic signals are widely employed for condition monitoring for pressure pipelines, which are easily contaminated by background noise and provide unsatisfactory accuracy. As a tool for quantifying uncertainty and complexity, signal entropy is applied to detect abnormal conditions. Based on the characteristics of entropy and acoustic signals, an improved entropy-based condition monitoring method is proposed for pressure pipelines through acoustic denoising. Specifically, this improved entropy-based noise reduction model is proposed to reduce the noise of monitoring acoustic signals through adversarial training. Based on the denoising of acoustic signals, an abnormal sound detection method is proposed to realize condition monitoring for pressure pipelines. In addition, the experimental platform is built to test the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method. The results indicate that the quality of signal denoising can reach over 3 dB, while the accuracy of condition monitoring is about 92% for different conditions. Finally, the superiority of the proposed method is verified by comparing it with other methods.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11765059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strongly Coupled 𝒫𝒯-Symmetric Models in Holography.

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.3390/e27010013

Daniel Areán, David Garcia-Fariña, Karl Landsteiner

引用次数: 0

Joint Identification and Sensing for Discrete Memoryless Channels.

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.3390/e27010012

Wafa Labidi, Yaning Zhao, Christian Deppe, Holger Boche

{"title":"Joint Identification and Sensing for Discrete Memoryless Channels.","authors":"Wafa Labidi, Yaning Zhao, Christian Deppe, Holger Boche","doi":"10.3390/e27010012","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27010012","url":null,"abstract":"In the identification (ID) scheme proposed by Ahlswede and Dueck, the receiver's goal is simply to verify whether a specific message of interest was sent. Unlike Shannon's transmission codes, which aim for message decoding, ID codes for a discrete memoryless channel (DMC) are far more efficient; their size grows doubly exponentially with the blocklength when randomized encoding is used. This indicates that when the receiver's objective does not require decoding, the ID paradigm is significantly more efficient than traditional Shannon transmission in terms of both energy consumption and hardware complexity. Further benefits of ID schemes can be realized by leveraging additional resources such as feedback. In this work, we address the problem of joint ID and channel state estimation over a DMC with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) state sequences. State estimation functions as the sensing mechanism of the model. Specifically, the sender transmits an ID message over the DMC while simultaneously estimating the channel state through strictly causal observations of the channel output. Importantly, the random channel state is unknown to both the sender and the receiver. For this system model, we present a complete characterization of the ID capacity-distortion function.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11765447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magnetocaloric Effect for a Q-Clock-Type System.

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.3390/e27010011

Michel Aguilera, Sergio Pino-Alarcón, Francisco J Peña, Eugenio E Vogel, Natalia Cortés, Patricio Vargas

{"title":"Magnetocaloric Effect for a Q-Clock-Type System.","authors":"Michel Aguilera, Sergio Pino-Alarcón, Francisco J Peña, Eugenio E Vogel, Natalia Cortés, Patricio Vargas","doi":"10.3390/e27010011","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27010011","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we study the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in a working substance corresponding to a square lattice of spins with Q possible orientations, known as the \"Q-state clock model\". When the Q-state clock model has Q≥5 possible configurations, it presents the famous Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase associated with vortex states. We calculate the thermodynamic quantities using Monte Carlo simulations for even Q numbers, ranging from Q=2 to Q=8 spin orientations per site in a lattice. We use lattices of different sizes with N=L×L=82,162,322,642,and1282 sites, considering free boundary conditions and an external magnetic field varying between B=0 and B=1.0 in natural units of the system. By obtaining the entropy, it is possible to quantify the MCE through an isothermal process in which the external magnetic field on the spin system is varied. In particular, we find the values of Q that maximize the MCE depending on the lattice size and the magnetic phase transitions linked with the process. Given the broader relevance of the Q-state clock model in areas such as percolation theory, neural networks, and biological systems, where multi-state interactions are essential, our study provides a robust framework in applied quantum mechanics, statistical physics, and related fields.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11765250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Random Frequency Division Multiplexing.

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.3390/e27010009

Chanzi Liu, Jianjian Wu, Qingfeng Zhou

引用次数: 0

A Lightweight Network with Domain Adaptation for Motor Imagery Recognition.

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.3390/e27010014

Xinmin Ding, Zenghui Zhang, Kun Wang, Xiaolin Xiao, Minpeng Xu

{"title":"A Lightweight Network with Domain Adaptation for Motor Imagery Recognition.","authors":"Xinmin Ding, Zenghui Zhang, Kun Wang, Xiaolin Xiao, Minpeng Xu","doi":"10.3390/e27010014","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27010014","url":null,"abstract":"Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are an effective tool for recognizing motor imagery and have been widely applied in the motor control and assistive operation domains. However, traditional intention-recognition methods face several challenges, such as prolonged training times and limited cross-subject adaptability, which restrict their practical application. This paper proposes an innovative method that combines a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) with domain adaptation. A lightweight feature extraction module is designed to extract key features from both the source and target domains, effectively reducing the model's parameters and improving the real-time performance and computational efficiency. To address differences in sample distributions, a domain adaptation strategy is introduced to optimize the feature alignment. Furthermore, domain adversarial training is employed to promote the learning of domain-invariant features, significantly enhancing the model's cross-subject generalization ability. The proposed method was evaluated on an fNIRS motor imagery dataset, achieving an average accuracy of 87.76% in a three-class classification task. Additionally, lightweight experiments were conducted from two perspectives: model structure optimization and data feature selection. The results demonstrated the potential advantages of this method for practical applications in motor imagery recognition systems.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexible Threshold Quantum Homomorphic Encryption on Quantum Networks.

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.3390/e27010007

Yongli Tang, Menghao Guo, Binyong Li, Kaixin Geng, Jinxia Yu, Baodong Qin

{"title":"Flexible Threshold Quantum Homomorphic Encryption on Quantum Networks.","authors":"Yongli Tang, Menghao Guo, Binyong Li, Kaixin Geng, Jinxia Yu, Baodong Qin","doi":"10.3390/e27010007","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27010007","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, most quantum homomorphic encryption (QHE) schemes only allow a single evaluator (server) to accomplish computation tasks on encrypted data shared by the data owner (user). In addition, the quantum computing capability of the evaluator and the scope of quantum computation it can perform are usually somewhat limited, which significantly reduces the flexibility of the scheme in quantum network environments. In this paper, we propose a novel (t,n)-threshold QHE (TQHE) network scheme based on the Shamir secret sharing protocol, which allows k(t≤k≤n) evaluators to collaboratively perform evaluation computation operations on each qubit within the shared encrypted sequence. Moreover, each evaluator, while possessing the ability to perform all single-qubit unitary operations, is able to perform arbitrary single-qubit gate computation task assigned by the data owner. We give a specific (3, 5)-threshold example, illustrating the scheme's correctness and feasibility, and simulate it on IBM quantum computing cloud platform. Finally, it is shown that the scheme is secure by analyzing encryption/decryption private keys, ciphertext quantum state sequences during transmission, plaintext quantum state sequence, and the result after computations on the plaintext quantum state sequence.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Model Selection from Multiple Model Families in Species Distribution Modeling Using Minimum Message Length.

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.3390/e27010006

Zihao Wen, David L Dowe

{"title":"Model Selection from Multiple Model Families in Species Distribution Modeling Using Minimum Message Length.","authors":"Zihao Wen, David L Dowe","doi":"10.3390/e27010006","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27010006","url":null,"abstract":"Species distribution modeling is fundamental to biodiversity, evolution, conservation science, and the study of invasive species. Given environmental data and species distribution data, model selection techniques are frequently used to help identify relevant features. Existing studies aim to find the relevant features by selecting the best models using different criteria, and they deem the predictors in the best models as the relevant features. However, they mostly consider only a given model family, making them vulnerable to model family misspecification. To address this issue, this paper introduces the Bayesian information-theoretic minimum message length (MML) principle to species distribution model selection. In particular, we provide a framework that allows the message length of models from multiple model families to be calculated and compared, and by doing so, the model selection is both accurate and robust against model family misspecification and data aggregation. To find the relevant features efficiently, we further develop a novel search algorithm that does not require calculating the message length for all possible subsets of features. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms competing methods by selecting the best models on both artificial and real-world datasets. More specifically, there was one test on artificial data that all methods got wrong. On the other 10 tests on artificial data, the MML method got everything correct, but the alternative methods all failed on a variety of tests. Our real-world data pertained to two plant species from Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Compared to the alternative methods, for both the plant species, the MML method selects the simplest model while also having the overall best predictions.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0