Entropy最新文献_第8页

The Glass Transition: A Topological Perspective. 玻璃化转变：拓扑视角。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.3390/e27030258

Arthur Vesperini, Roberto Franzosi, Marco Pettini

引用次数: 0

Mean Squared Error Representative Points of Pareto Distributions and Their Estimation. Pareto分布的均方误差代表点及其估计。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.3390/e27030249

Xinyang Li, Xiaoling Peng

{"title":"Mean Squared Error Representative Points of Pareto Distributions and Their Estimation.","authors":"Xinyang Li, Xiaoling Peng","doi":"10.3390/e27030249","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27030249","url":null,"abstract":"Pareto distributions are widely applied in various fields, such as economics, finance, and environmental studies. The modeling of real-world data has created a demand for the discretization of Pareto distributions. In this paper, we propose using mean squared error representative points (MSE-RPs) as the discrete representation of Pareto distributions. We demonstrate the uniqueness and existence of these representative points under certain parameter settings and provide a theoretical k-means algorithm for the computation of MSE-RPs for Pareto I and Pareto II distributions. Furthermore, to enhance the applicability of MSE-RPs, we employ three methodological approaches to estimate the MSE-RPs of Pareto distributions. By analyzing the estimation bias under different parameters and methods, we recommend estimating the distribution parameters first before estimating the MSE-RPS for Pareto I and Pareto II distributions. For Pareto III and Pareto IV distributions, we suggest using the Bq quantiles for MSE-RP estimation. Building on this, we analyze the sources of estimation bias and propose an effective method for determining the number of MSE-RPs based on information gain truncation. Through simulations and real data studies, we demonstrate that the proposed methods for MSE-RP estimation are effective and can be used to fit the empirical distribution function of data accurately.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AlphaRouter: Bridging the Gap Between Reinforcement Learning and Optimization for Vehicle Routing with Monte Carlo Tree Searches. AlphaRouter：用蒙特卡洛树搜索弥合强化学习和优化车辆路线之间的差距。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.3390/e27030251

Won-Jun Kim, Junho Jeong, Taeyeong Kim, Kichun Lee

{"title":"AlphaRouter: Bridging the Gap Between Reinforcement Learning and Optimization for Vehicle Routing with Monte Carlo Tree Searches.","authors":"Won-Jun Kim, Junho Jeong, Taeyeong Kim, Kichun Lee","doi":"10.3390/e27030251","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27030251","url":null,"abstract":"Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) as a routing problem solver has shown promising results in recent studies. However, an inherent gap exists between computationally driven DRL and optimization-based heuristics. While a DRL algorithm for a certain problem is able to solve several similar problem instances, traditional optimization algorithms focus on optimizing solutions to one specific problem instance. In this paper, we propose an approach, AlphaRouter, which solves routing problems while bridging the gap between reinforcement learning and optimization. Fitting to routing problems, our approach first proposes attention-enabled policy and value networks consisting of a policy network that produces a probability distribution over all possible nodes and a value network that produces the expected distance from any given state. We modify a Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) for the routing problems, selectively combining it with the routing problems. Our experiments demonstrate that the combined approach is promising and yields better solutions compared to original reinforcement learning (RL) approaches without MCTS, with good performance comparable to classical heuristics.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to Be a Copenhagenistic-QBistic Everettist. 如何成为一个哥本哈根主义者。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.3390/e27030248

Marcin Wieśniak

{"title":"How to Be a Copenhagenistic-QBistic Everettist.","authors":"Marcin Wieśniak","doi":"10.3390/e27030248","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27030248","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement problem in quantum mechanics (QM) is related to the inability to include learning about the properties of a quantum system by an agent in the formalism of quantum theory. It includes questions about the physical processes behind the measurement, uniqueness, and randomness of obtained outcomes and an ontic or epistemic role of the state. These issues have triggered various interpretations of quantum theory. They vary from refusing any connection between physical reality and a measurement process to insisting that a collapse of the wave-function is real and possibly involves consciousness. On the other hand, the actual mechanism of a measurement is not extensively discussed in these interpretations. This essay attempts to investigate the quantum measurement problem from the position of the scientific consensus. We begin with a short overview of the development of sensing in living organisms. This is performed for the purpose of stressing the relation between reality and our experience. We then briefly present different approaches to the measurement problem in chosen interpretations. We then state three philosophical assumptions for further consideration and present a decomposition of the measurement act into four stages: transformation, conversion, amplification and broadcasting, and, finally, perception. Each of these stages provides an intuition about the physical processes contributing to it. These conclusions are then used in a discussion about, e.g., objectivity, the implausibility of reversing a measurement, or the epistemic status of the wave-function. Finally, we argue that those in favor of some of the most popular interpretations can find an overlap between their beliefs and the consequences of considerations presented here.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Three Optima of Thermoelectric Conversion: Insights from the Constant Property Model. 热电转换的三个最优值：来自常数模型的见解。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.3390/e27030252

Paul Raux, Christophe Goupil, Gatien Verley

引用次数: 0

Sequential Discrimination of Mixed Quantum States. 混合量子态的顺序判别。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.3390/e27030246

Jin-Hua Zhang, Fu-Lin Zhang, Yan Gao, Wei Qin, Shao-Ming Fei

{"title":"Sequential Discrimination of Mixed Quantum States.","authors":"Jin-Hua Zhang, Fu-Lin Zhang, Yan Gao, Wei Qin, Shao-Ming Fei","doi":"10.3390/e27030246","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27030246","url":null,"abstract":"Classical mixtures of quantum states often give rise to decoherence and are generally considered detrimental to quantum processing. However, in the framework of sequential measurement, such mixtures can be beneficial for state discrimination. We investigate the sequential discrimination of mixed states and compare the results with those of pure states under the condition of equal fidelity. It is found that the successful probability of the mixed-state protocol is superior to the pure one under the equal-fidelity condition. It is shown that the difference between the sequential discrimination of pure and mixed states is more reliable under the equal-fidelity condition than under single-shot discrimination, and this difference increases with the mixability of the initial mixed states. For scenarios in which classical communication is allowed, the optimal successful probability of pure-state discriminations is larger than that for mixed states on the contrary. We also show that the classical mixture of basic vectors from quantum decoherence has a subtle impact on the communication channel induced by the coincidence of the maximal mutual information and optimal successful probability of sequential discrimination for pure states.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interaction Order Estimation in Tensor Curie-Weiss Models. Curie-Weiss张量模型中的相互作用阶估计。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.3390/e27030245

Somabha Mukherjee

引用次数: 0

Twenty Years of Kaniadakis Entropy: Current Trends and Future Perspectives. 二十年的卡尼达基斯熵：当前趋势和未来展望。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.3390/e27030247

Dionissios T Hristopulos, Sérgio Luiz E F da Silva, Antonio M Scarfone

引用次数: 0

Improved Ionization Potential Depression Model Incorporating Dynamical Structure Factors and Electron Degeneracy for Non-Ideal Plasma Composition. 非理想等离子体组成中包含动力学结构因素和电子简并的改进电离势抑制模型。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.3390/e27030253

Yeldos Seitkozhanov, Karlygash Dzhumagulova, Erik Shalenov

{"title":"Improved Ionization Potential Depression Model Incorporating Dynamical Structure Factors and Electron Degeneracy for Non-Ideal Plasma Composition.","authors":"Yeldos Seitkozhanov, Karlygash Dzhumagulova, Erik Shalenov","doi":"10.3390/e27030253","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27030253","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present an improved model for ionization potential depression (IPD) in dense plasmas that builds upon the approach introduced by Lin et al., which utilizes a dynamical structure factor (SF) to account for ionic microfield fluctuations. The main refinements include the following: (1) replacing the Wigner-Seitz radius with an ion-sphere radius, thereby treating individual ionization events as dynamically independent; (2) incorporating electron degeneracy through a tailored interpolation between Debye-Hückel and Thomas-Fermi screening lengths. Additionally, we solve the Saha equation iteratively, ensuring self-consistent determination of the ionization balance and IPD corrections. These modifications yield significantly improved agreement with recent high-density and high-temperature experimental data on warm dense aluminum, especially in regimes where strong coupling and partial degeneracy are crucial. The model remains robust over a broad parameter space, spanning temperatures from 1 eV up to 1 keV and pressures beyond the Mbar range, thus making it suitable for applications in high-energy-density physics, inertial confinement fusion, and astrophysical plasma research. Our findings underscore the importance of accurately capturing ion microfield fluctuations and electron quantum effects to properly describe ionization processes in extreme environments.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mean Field Approaches to Lattice Gauge Theories: A Review. 格规范理论的平均场方法：综述。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.3390/e27030250

Pierpaolo Fontana, Andrea Trombettoni

{"title":"Mean Field Approaches to Lattice Gauge Theories: A Review.","authors":"Pierpaolo Fontana, Andrea Trombettoni","doi":"10.3390/e27030250","DOIUrl":"10.3390/e27030250","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their broad applicability, gauge theories (GTs) play a crucial role in various areas of physics, from high-energy physics to condensed matter. Their formulations on lattices, lattice gauge theories (LGTs), can be studied, among many other methods, with tools coming from statistical mechanics lattice models, such as mean field methods, which are often used to provide approximate results. Applying these methods to LGTs requires particular attention due to the intrinsic local nature of gauge symmetry, how it is reflected in the variables used to formulate the theory, and the breaking of gauge invariance when approximations are introduced. This issue has been addressed over the decades in the literature, yielding different conclusions depending on the formulation of the theory under consideration. In this article, we focus on the mean field theoretical approach to the analysis of GTs and LGTs, connecting both older and more recent results that, to the best of our knowledge, have not been compared in a pedagogical manner. After a brief overview of mean field theory in statistical mechanics and many-body systems, we examine its application to pure LGTs with a generic compact gauge group. Finally, we review the existing literature on the subject, discussing the results obtained so far and their dependence on the formulation of the theory.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0