Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"Flat-plate beam-splitting photovoltaic thermal systems for building energy management applications","authors":"Seongheon Kim ,&nbsp;Seonggon Kim ,&nbsp;Yong Tae Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system is an integrated technology that simultaneously cools photovoltaic (PV) modules and harvests thermal energy for heating applications. Beam-splitting photovoltaic thermal (BSPVT) systems, which utilize spectral beam-splitting technology, have attracted increasing attention for their potential to enhance both electrical and thermal energy efficiency. This study systematically investigates the optimal configuration of a flat-plate BSPVT system, as the role of Fresnel reflection losses in BSPVT performance has received limited attention. A combined theoretical and experimental approach is employed to comprehensively compare the performance of four configurations: PV, PVT, coupled BSPVT, and de-coupled BSPVT systems. The results show that Fresnel reflection significantly affects electrical efficiency, with the de-coupled BSPVT system exhibiting an efficiency reduction of 11.7–19.2% compared with PV modules at the same operating temperature. The coupled BSPVT system demonstrates the highest overall energy efficiency of 88.5% among the configurations, while cooling PV modules to 27 °C at an ambient temperature of 24 °C. Furthermore, when applied to buildings, the coupled BSPVT system achieves annual energy savings of 107.5 MJ/m² for thermal energy and 59.1 MJ/m² for electricity, corresponding to 6.0% and 7.3% of total annual thermal and electrical energy consumption, respectively. These findings clarify the impact of Fresnel losses in flat-plate BSPVT design and demonstrate the potential of coupled BSPVT systems for improving building energy efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121094"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Synthesis of Na+ trapped bentonite/zeolite-P composite as a novel catalyst for effective production of biodiesel from palm oil; Effect of ultrasonic irradiation and mechanism” [Energy Convers. Manag. 196 (2019) 739–750]","authors":"Mostafa R. Abukhadra ,&nbsp;Sherouk M. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Sobhy M. Yakout ,&nbsp;Mohamed E. El-Zaidy ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Abdeltawa","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121085"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming discarded cigarette butts into novel hydrochar catalyst towards biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil: a trash-to-treasure approach","authors":"Nabanita Ghosh,&nbsp;Gopinath Halder","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel catalyst was contrived from disposed cigarette butt through hydrothermal carbonization and applied in a catalytic esterification method to transform waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel. The physicochemical attributes of the catalyst were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), XPS (X-ray photon electroscopy), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), BET, and NH₃-TPD. The resulting catalyst has a surface area of 51.2 m²/g and a pore volume of 0.2470 cm³/g. Optimizing the process parameters as follows: methanol to oil ratio of 12:1, catalyst 6 wt%, reaction temperature 60℃, and reaction time 100 min by means of Response Surface Methodology (RSM), a remarkable biodiesel production of 97.14% was accomplished. The reaction proceeded with a moderately low activation energy of 52.360 kJ/mol. The catalyst exhibited excellent physical stability and reactivity, maintaining performance over eight consecutive cycles with 83.53% conversion. The catalyst’s efficacy in producing biodiesel from WCO was further advocated by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR test. The cost of the engineered catalyst and waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME) was $5.53/kg and $0.61/L, subsequently implying its economic adaptability. The proposed catalyst was endorsed as an effective and sustainable catalyst for WCOME synthesis via esterification based on the Environment-factor (E-factor) and Turn Over Frequency (TOF). The preparation of a hydrothermally carbonized catalyst from waste cigarette butts for biodiesel production is a noteworthy example of innovative recycling and sustainable energy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121138"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the carbon efficiency paradox in distributed photovoltaic self-consumption: industry-specific optimization of storage and self-consumption","authors":"Congyi Wang ,&nbsp;Zhaoyuan Wu ,&nbsp;Linyan Yang ,&nbsp;Runkai Song ,&nbsp;Cong Wu ,&nbsp;Ming Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by dual-carbon targets, the rapid expansion of distributed photovoltaic systems has intensified the challenge of local consumption, making high self-consumption ratios a major policy priority. Nevertheless, excessively high ratios may lead to over-deployment of energy storage and inefficient photovoltaic investment, which in turn diminishes the expected benefits of carbon emission reduction. This study addresses this carbon efficiency paradox by proposing an industry-specific optimization framework that balances economic performance and carbon reduction. To test this hypothesis, an industry-oriented two-stage optimization framework is established to jointly optimize storage deployment and self-consumption ratios under dynamic carbon constraints. The optimization is a mixed-integer linear programming problem solved in MATLAB R2021a. The results show that optimal self-consumption ratios generally range between 0.63 and 0.66 and vary across industries. Flexible sectors, such as agriculture, benefit from higher ratios, whereas excessive self-consumption increases costs and emissions through storage overuse. Dynamic carbon-coupled pricing improves both decarbonization and economic outcomes, especially in load-elastic sectors. These findings highlight the need for tailored regulations, balanced storage deployment, and context-specific pricing to maximize carbon and economic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121103"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative experimental study on integrated radiative and evaporative cooling: Performance and economic benefits","authors":"Fenggang Wang ,&nbsp;Jiwei Guo ,&nbsp;Yanfang Liu ,&nbsp;Wenke Zheng ,&nbsp;Yiqiang Jiang ,&nbsp;Cheng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of radiative sky cooling and evaporative cooling presents a promising approach for building energy conservation, yet effectively coupling these mechanisms to achieve high cooling power density remains challenging. The novelty of this work lies in proposing a hybrid cooling system with a novel system layout, which achieves synergistic integration of radiative and evaporative processes. Herein, this study proposes and compares two hybrid radiative evaporative cooling configurations: the direct-above radiative cooling spray evaporative device (RCSE-DA) and the side-level radiative cooling spray evaporative device (RCSE-SL). Experimental results demonstrate that the RCSE-DA configuration achieves significantly higher cooling power density, exceeding RCSE-SL by 144.83% during daytime and 128.43% at night, attributed to a structural additional cooling power of RCSE-DA. Increasing the circulating flow rate from 0.5 to 2.5 L/min enhanced the total cooling power, with RCSE-DA reaching a notable daytime cooling power density of 668.99 <span><math><mrow><mi>W</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> at the maximum flow rate. Benefit from the shading effect of the radiative panel, RCSE-DA also exhibited more stable performance under varying spray flow rates and solar irradiation conditions, with a low evaporation water ratio. Economic analysis revealed a shorter dynamic payback period for RCSE-DA (4.30 years) compared to RCSE-SL (5.30 years) under a 120 <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> installation scenario in data center. This study confirms the significant energy-saving potential and economic benefits of the RCSE system, providing theoretical support for promoting radiative cooling technology in building applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121062"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic variability in reanalysis wind speed biases: A high-resolution bias correction approach for UK wind energy","authors":"Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Simon C. Warder ,&nbsp;Ellyess F. Benmoufok ,&nbsp;Andrew Wynn ,&nbsp;Oliver R.H. Buxton ,&nbsp;Iain Staffell ,&nbsp;Matthew D. Piggott","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reanalysis datasets have become indispensable tools for wind resource assessment and wind power simulation, offering long-term and spatially continuous wind fields across large regions. However, they inherently contain systematic wind speed biases arising from various factors, including simplified physical parameterizations, observational uncertainties, and limited spatial resolution. Among these, low spatial resolution poses a particular challenge for capturing local variability accurately. Whereas prevailing industry practice generally relies on either no bias correction or coarse, nationally uniform adjustments, we extend and thoroughly analyse a recently proposed spatially resolved, cluster-based bias correction framework. This approach is designed to better account for local heterogeneity and is applied to 319 wind farms across the United Kingdom to evaluate its effectiveness. Results show that this method reduced monthly wind power simulation errors by more than 32% compared to the uncorrected ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The method is further applied to the MERRA-2 dataset for comparative evaluation, demonstrating its effectiveness and robustness for different reanalysis products. In contrast to prior studies, which rarely quantify the influence of topography on reanalysis biases, this research presents a detailed spatial mapping of bias correction factors across the UK. The analysis reveals that for wind energy applications, ERA5 wind speed errors exhibit strong spatial variability, with the most significant underestimations in the Scottish Highlands and mountainous areas of Wales. These findings highlight the importance of explicitly accounting for geographic variability when correcting reanalysis wind speeds, and provide new insights into region-specific bias patterns relevant for high-resolution wind energy modelling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121066"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic modelling and characteristics analysis of a novel in situ tar-rich coal pyrolysis mining system driven by solar energy","authors":"Mei Wang ,&nbsp;Guoming Wen ,&nbsp;Lang Liu ,&nbsp;Shuangming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a strategic alternative to conventional oil and gas resources, tar-rich coal, coupled with its low-carbon in-situ extraction technologies, is rapidly emerging as a pivotal focus for sustainable energy development. This study presents an innovative tower type solar in-situ pyrolysis system for tar-rich coal (TS-IPS/TRC) to significantly reduce energy consumption in tar-rich coal extraction. A transient multiphysics model, integrating solar thermal conversion, nitrogen mediated heat transfer, and pyrolysis reaction kinetics, was constructed to investigate the influence of two critical operating parameters, nitrogen temperature and flow rate, on the dynamic behavior of the system. The results demonstrate that the heating rate during the initial pyrolysis stage is more responsive to variations in flow rate. Spatially, increasing the flow rate significantly enhance the heating effect near the injection well, while the effect gradually diminish in the regions farther away from the injection well. In accordance with system operational requirements, the optimal pyrolysis temperature was ascertained to be 983.15 K under a 24–hour cyclic operation strategy. In light of the temporal variations in solar energy, three operational approaches were subjected to rigorous evaluation. The results reveal that intermittent operation coupled with an elevated inlet temperature and a reduced flow rate of the heat transfer medium significantly enhances techno–economic performance. The intermittent heating mode effectively improves temperature uniformity within the pyrolysis zone. A 12–hour cyclic operation strategy is recommended. Increasing the inlet temperature from 933.15 K to 1033.15 K and decreasing the inlet flow velocity from 5 m/s to 2 m/s substantially increases the gas production rate by 61 %. The TS-IPS/TRC system can reduce power consumption by 61 % and decrease carbon emissions by 2.52 × 10⁸ kg under the pyrolysis condition of 80 % of tar-rich coal. The proposed system demonstrates great potential in terms of energy conservation and emission reduction by pioneering a novel method for sustainable extraction of tar-rich coal in a low-carbon way.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121101"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and viability of transpired solar collectors for pre-heating ventilation air","authors":"Talie Tohidi Moghadam ,&nbsp;Brian Norton ,&nbsp;Ken Bruton ,&nbsp;Dominic T.J. O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing heating-related energy demand in buildings is a critical step toward decarbonisation. This study investigates the feasibility of using unglazed transpired solar collectors to pre-heat ventilation air. It is hypothesised that such systems can significantly lower energy use and carbon emissions while offering economic benefits. An experimental unglazed transpired solar collectors system was installed in a university building in Cork, Ireland, and its performance was evaluated through real-time measurements and validated against simulations using the “RETScreen Expert” tool. The validated model was then scaled to a full-facade application (163 m²), estimating a 24% reduction in annual heating energy use and a 23.4% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. The system demonstrated a simple payback period of 10.3 years and an internal rate of return of 12.2% on equity. However, the financial outcomes remain closely linked to future heating fuel price trends, and the exclusion of auxiliary equipment costs (e.g., ducts, fans, filters) reflects a focus on core system performance based on reliably available data. These findings highlight the potential of unglazed transpired solar collectors for energy savings and emissions reduction, while also identifying areas for further research and detailed cost modelling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121055"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban heat mitigation with building-scale green technologies: vertical greenery systems, cool materials and building-integrated photovoltaics","authors":"Ruijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuqing Lin ,&nbsp;Weijun Li ,&nbsp;Shaobo Wang ,&nbsp;Shi-jie Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban microclimates have been experiencing increasing stress from intense heat events due to global warming and urbanization. A key strategy to mitigate heat in cities is improving the thermal performance of building envelopes with green technologies. Three envelope-based technologies, vertical greenery systems (VGS), cool materials (CM) and building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), have emerged with distinct advantages, but each has limitations. While many studies have focused on individual technologies, comprehensive comparisons of the thermal impact throughout outdoors and indoors remain limited. Therefore, this study evaluated the cooling performance of these three technologies using multiple thermal indicators and a coupling approach combining energy simulation and computational fluid dynamics modelling. Comparative analyses were conducted for a city block in Ningbo under local extreme hot conditions, considering different plant species, materials and systems’ ages for VGS, CM and BIPV, respectively. The results indicate that VGS and CM provided overall cooling benefits; however, aged CM could trap radiative heat within street canyons, which intensified local extremes. Despite BIPV’s energy advantages, its potential to induce warming warrants climate-conscious assessments before deployment. The three technologies exhibited divergent carbon outcomes under extreme heat conditions, where VGS acted as a temporary source (increasing emissions by approximately 6.6%), CM reduced emissions and BIPV functioned as a sink (with on-site electricity generation fully offsetting its cooling energy demand). The findings can support integrated designs strategies for building-scale green technologies and highlight the need for multi-criteria evaluation frameworks to guide climate-responsive urban renewal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121097"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative conceptual analysis of CO2 heat pump dryers with closed-loop and open-loop air cycles","authors":"Jay Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study has comprehensively compared and analysed CO₂ heat pump dryers operating under closed-loop and open-loop air cycles to evaluate their energy efficiency and drying performance. Unlike the conventional closed-loop air cycle that uses dry recirculated air as its inlet, the open-loop air cycle operates only with fresh ambient air. The physical models and working principles have been illustrated using psychrometric charts, and the influence of moisture variation has been considered in the fin-and-tube heat exchanger design for both the gas cooler and the evaporator. In the case study under typical hot and humid climate conditions (ambient temperature of 40 °C), the simulation compares three cycles over an air mass flow rate ranging from 0.5 kg/s to 1 kg/s. The open-loop air cycle with a wet air outlet achieves the largest heating capacity, i.e.: 17.44 kW at 1 kg/s, because the air is cooled in the evaporator first, allowing a greater temperature rise in the gas cooler. The open-loop air cycle with a dry air outlet produces the highest air temperature after the gas cooler, i.e.: 60.8 °C at 0.5 kg/s, which increases the air’s moisture absorption capacity. Compared with the closed-loop air cycle, the open-loop air cycle with dry air outlet proves more efficient for drying, delivering a shorter drying time (27.77 min at 0.5 kg/s) and a higher drying efficiency (0.8640 kg/kWh at 0.5 kg/s). Although the open-loop air cycle with a wet air outlet achieves the highest coefficient of performance of 2.31 at 1 kg/s, its drying performance declines obviously at higher mass flow rates, with specific moisture extraction rate dropping to 0.0767 kg/kWh. Overall, the configuration of open-loop air cycle with dry air outlet is the superior option, as it combines the shortest drying time and the highest specific moisture extraction rate, which are two critical metrics for heat pump dryers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121093"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}