Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"Performance, economic, and environmental analysis of a novel hybrid photovoltaic/thermal and ground-source heat pump system for a multi-zone sports and administrative complex in a cold climate","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel cycle to supply the demands of a huge case study incorporating eight thermal zones with sports and administrative applications for space heating, space cooling, domestic hot water, and electricity. Choosing this complex is one of the most important innovations of the current study. A combination of photovoltaic/thermals and ground-source heat pumps are connected to the storage tanks, heaters, heat exchangers, and some other elements to provide energy for the mentioned buildings. This cycle is simulated numerically using TRNSYS 16, and the amounts of heating and cooling loads of the buildings are estimated via TRNBuild 3.0. The cycle is then discussed to investigate its capability of supplying the demands over the period of 20 years; reaching the coefficient of performance and life cycle cost of 2.866 and 164,451 €, respectively, with less than 0.03 °C drop in ground temperature at the end of the given period. In addition, as an important novelty, defining a number of scenarios provides a thorough examination of the important parameters of the cycle, including environmental, operational, and economic features under different conditions. This comprehensive analysis shows that adding winter holidays or insulating the walls of the buildings are the best ways of improving the system’s performance. Lastly, the operation of the system in Iran is also compared with some other countries; showing that installing this system is not economically suitable in Iran. Portugal with a payback time of 3.84 years is the best country to install the designed cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel sandwich-structural cooling and heating system with high power, high COP and small size based on thermoelectric cooler","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In practical settings, thermoelectric coolers (TEC) typically exhibit a cooling capacity (<em>Q_c</em>) below 200 W and a coefficient of cooling performance (<em>COP_c</em>) less than 1, limiting their application in high-demand scenarios. Despite their compactness, TEC require extensive heat dissipation structures in actual deployment. This study introduces an advanced thermoelectric sandwich-structural cooling and heating system (TESSCH), integrating TEC, flat water channels, and folded fins. The TESSCH system incorporates 72 TECs within a maximum external dimension of 172 mm*170 mm*30 mm, significantly reducing the footprint compared to traditional TEC system. Experimental findings reveal that the TESSCH system’s coefficient of heating performance (<em>COP_h</em>) is 196.7 % of that provided by a conventional PTC heater, achieving <em>COP_h</em> and heating capacity (<em>Q_h</em>) values of 2.18 and 1088.82 W, respectively. Under an input power of 500 W, the TESSCH system’s <em>COP_c</em> and cooling capacity (<em>Q_c</em>) reach 1.18 and 588.82 W, surpassing typical TEC figures. Compared with traditional air–water cooling systems, TESSCH offers substantially enhanced performance in a more compact form. Using RMS method and BBD experimental design, the regression models of the response variables about the design variables were obtain. The optimal combination of design parameters is obtained by the optimization method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-temperature electrolysis integrated with advanced power cycles for the combined production of green hydrogen, heat and power","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, the demand for hydrogen has experienced significant growth due to its versatility in industrial processes and its role as an energy carrier for the transition to sustainable energy. This paper analyses the integration of a hydrogen production system utilizing a high-temperature electrolyser with a power block fuelled by the incineration of municipal solid waste. The power cycle employs both innovative CO₂ mixture and pure working fluids. The study begins with the simulation of the thermodynamic cycle for electricity production, followed by the modelling of the high-temperature electrolyser cell. Subsequently, the integration between these two units is examined to determine the optimal point for hydrogen production. Moreover, due to the cycle layout, thermal power for district heating can be exploit as useful output. A techno-economic analysis is then conducted to estimate the design parameters that can ensure minimal costs. Considering an incinerator facility with a combustion capacity of 40 MW, the results demonstrate that the electrolyser system can achieve an efficiency up to 76 % and an hydrogen levelized cost as low as 2 €/kg, subject to various constraints, facilitated by the simultaneous production of electricity and hot water for district heating reaching values up to 10 MW and 4 MW respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable machine learning assisted design of tailor-made fuels using conjoint fingerprints","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents an advanced computer-aided molecular design framework by considering the molecular structure of fuels as the fundamental design degree of freedom. Initially, machine learning algorithms were trained with conjoint fingerprints along with extended connectivity fingerprints, molecular access system keys and functional groups fingerprint separately. Conjoint fingerprints demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy, with R² values generally exceeding 0.9 for physicochemical properties. Subsequently, a novel structure-constrained molecular generator was introduced to systematically generate chemical structures by exploring all rule-based possible isomers of a given target molecule, aiming to produce high-performance fuels. Computational property prediction was employed to virtually screen the generated structures against desired physicochemical fuel property constraints. Finally, explainable artificial intelligence techniques were then applied to achieve atomic-level visualization and quantitative analysis by overlaying the target molecular structure with the atomic contribution values gained for specific properties, providing detailed insights that improve the understanding of how fuel molecular structures affect properties and aid in designing new molecules compared to traditional qualitative analysis. Two case studies were dedicated to illustrating the framework for (i) molecular generation tailored for compression-ignition engines and (ii) analyzing cetane number attributions based on atomic contributions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction and structural modification of MoOx/γ-Al2O3 catalysts through acetic acid treatment for green diesel production from corn distiller’s oil","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enabling new environmentally-friendly resources for fuels and platform chemicals is crucial to fulfill our future energy demands while enhancing circularity. Corn distiller’s Oil (CDO) − as a coproduct of the ethanol industry, serves as a sustainable supply of carbon that may be converted into energy, fuels and specialty chemicals. A current challenge in using renewable oxygenated feedstocks is the high amount of coking and catalyst fouling that occurs. This study examined the hydrothermal deoxygenation of CDO into green diesel using molybdenum oxide (MoO_x) catalysts in a continuous process without using any external hydrogen. The possibility of reduction and developing oxygen-deficient surfaces on molybdenum oxide (MoO_x) catalysts through acetic acid treatment or adding ceria (CeO₂) was investigated in order to enhance the acidity of catalysts as well as catalytic activity and stability required for the production of green diesel from CDO. Results showed that the acidity of these catalysts as measured by NH₃ temperature programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD) had a strong correlation between the degree of deoxygenation and catalyst stability. Acetic acid treatment of the 7.5 wt% MoO₃/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst reduced MoO₃ to MoO_3-x, increased the Mo⁵⁺ species from 8.7 % to 22 %, created Mo⁴⁺ species and increased the catalyst surface acidity in the range of low to moderate strength by approximately 17 %. The use of acetic acid-treated molybdenum oxide (Hac-7.5 wt% MoO₃/γ-Al₂O₃) catalyst enabled nearly complete (99.9 %) deoxygenation of CDO and heavy hydrocarbons cracking to produce diesel-like fuels. A moderate increase in catalyst surface acidity by acetic acid treatment also increased the selectivity of diesel-like fuel through hydrocracking of long-chain hydrocarbons. This low-cost modification step of catalyst improvement is promising for industrial application. However, cracking of hydrocarbons generated amorphous coke (no graphitic coke was observed) on the catalyst surface, which required periodic removal by controlled calcination of the catalyst in presence of air for further use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of three representative pumped storage retrofits on the economic-technical-energy efficiency of cascaded hydropower-VRE hybrid systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional hydropower compensation for variable renewable energy (VRE) sources has alleviated power system stability to a certain extent, but the continued promotion of the low-carbon transition in the power system has left the system still facing a lack of flexibility. Transforming conventional hydropower into pumped storage is an effective way to exploit its flexibility. Therefore, three sequential simulation models are developed for the cascade hydropower-VRE system transformation schemes based on energy storage pumps, pump-turbines, and enhanced pumped storage. Subsequently, a comprehensive evaluation index system is proposed from economic, technical, and energy efficiency aspects, considering hydropower-electricity coupling, energy conversion and balance, electricity and carbon trading markets and so on. Finally, a case study is conducted in the clean energy base of the upper Yellow River. The results show that all retrofits increase the VRE on-grid power ratio to over 82%, with EPSPS reducing the curtailment rate to 3.27%. PT-MPSPS and EPSPS demonstrate advantages in technical and energy efficiency dimensions, reducing output variation coefficient by 9.10% and 19.02%, respectively, compared to ESP-MPSPS. The IRR, NPV, and PBP are significantly sensitive to economic parameters, particularly EPSPS, which shows large fluctuations in NPV and PBP with discount rate changes, indicating reliance on key economic factors. Overall, ESP-MPSPS performs well regarding water consumption and energy cost, making it suitable for systems with lower flexibility requirements. EPSPS demonstrates significant variation in economic performance with installed capacity, but it excels in technical and energy efficiency, making it suitable for systems with abundant and unevenly distributed water resources and higher flexibility demands. PT-MPSPS is suitable for most other modifications. The research provides valuable insights for retrofitting cascade hydropower to integrate wind and solar power.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of photovoltaic heat pump system based on modular phase change material","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional photovoltaic heat pump systems exhibit low photovoltaic conversion efficiency during periods of non-heat pump operation. Combining the evaporative end of photovoltaic heat pumps with phase-change materials offers a promising solution to this issue. However, conventional phase-change material setups frequently entail full coverage of the backsheet, adversely affecting heat collection efficiency under low irradiation conditions. To address this limitation, this study proposes a roll-bond photovoltaic thermal heat pump system that utilizes modular phase change materials to enhance power generation performance and heat collection efficiency, ensuring stable operation in adverse weather. System performance and operational characteristics are evaluated through the establishment of a test prototype and the collection of experimental data. Results demonstrate a 4.03% increase in power generation efficiency solely through the temperature control of the modular phase-change materials under sunny conditions. Furthermore, the activation of the heat pump leads to a 10.85% increase in power generation efficiency with an average coefficient of performance of 5.30. It maintains an average coefficient of performance of 4.25 even under rainy condition, with efficient heat exchange between the evaporator and air. The system achieves stable heat production and efficient power generation under experimental conditions, reducing dependence on heat/power grids. This system provides a promising solution for clean energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic analysis of optimally hybrid photovoltaic-wind systems to meet the energy demand of a residential building in six different areas of Iran","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to determine the electrical energy demands of a typical residential building and identify the most efficient and cost-effective renewable and off-grid hybrid photovoltaic-wind system (HPWS) for four different climates in Iran. To determine its energy requirements throughout the year, a residential building consisting of 36 units on 9 floors with a total substructure area of 2518.2 m² was considered in six areas: Bandar Abbas, Shiraz, Tehran, Tabriz, Yazd, and Zabol. The energy requirements contain the electrical loads of a variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system, internal equipment, and lighting, all modeled in DesignBuilder (DB) software in accordance with the standards set by Iran’s national building regulations. For validation purposes, Carrier HAP software is utilized. The outcomes are categorized across seven different energy-economic scenarios, with a detailed examination of the annual energy performance of the system with the lowest Net Present Cost (NPC) and Levelized Cost of Energy (COE). The results indicate that only in Zabol and Bandar Abbas can wind turbines (WTs) meet the annual energy demands. Additionally, due to the high solar radiation potential in the areas and the relatively high cost of WTs compared to solar photovoltaic modules (SPVMs), the use of PV array systems in all areas emerges as the most cost-effective option. Furthermore, because Bandar Abbas has the highest electrical energy consumption and Tabriz and Shiraz have the lowest and highest solar radiation potential, respectively, the lowest NPC and COE are associated with Shiraz (1,508,967,000 IRR and 13 IRR/kWh), while the highest is related to Tabriz (15,843,960,000 IRR and 132 IRR/kWh) and followed by Bandar Abbas (14,023,400,000 IRR and 87 IRR/kWh) based on the economic analysis. The implementation of this research significantly contributes to reducing environmental pollution, and its findings can be utilized for similar regions around the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic analysis of integrating methane pyrolysis and reforming technology for low-carbon ammonia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial ammonia production, primarily achieved through steam methane reforming (SMR) technology significantly contributes to CO₂ emissions. To align with global climate goals and limit temperature rise below 1.5 °C, retrofitting existing plants becomes imperative. Methane pyrolysis (MP) emerges as a promising solution, enabling hydrogen or ammonia production without carbon dioxide emissions while yielding marketable solid carbon. This study investigates the technical and economic feasibility of integrating MP into a conventional SMR-ammonia plant by splitting the natural gas (NG) feed between the MP and SMR sections. Operating at 33 bar and 1,400 °C, the MP section achieves an impressive 71.2 % conversion rate, concurrently producing carbon black as a valuable co-product. Under the greenhouse gas (GHG) Scope 1 emission protocol, our integrated model shows reduced CO₂ emissions from 1.3 to 0.23 tons per ton of NH₃ produced, along with lower energy consumption compared to the conventional plant. Sensitivity analysis confirms the economic viability of the integrated model under various CO₂ tax and carbon black price scenarios. Considering current and projected Middle Eastern prices for NG, ammonia, carbon black, and a CO₂ tax, the 50 % integration scenario emerges as approximately 48 million USD more profitable annually than the baseline model. This enhanced profitability stems from additional revenue generated by carbon black sales and decreased CO₂ emissions. The levelized cost of ammonia from the proposed model stands at 187 USD/ton when accounting for carbon black revenue and 240 USD/ton without it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic and exergo-economic evaluation of biomass-to-X system combined the chemical looping gasification and proton exchange membrane fuel cell","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The resource utilization of biomass is of great significance to the adjustment of energy structure. The syngas produced by biomass gasification can be used for power generation and production of green chemical raw materials. In this paper, a biomass-to-X (BtX) system based on the chemical looping gasification and high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is proposed to produce methanol, electricity, heating and cooling. The heat produced by the BtX system is harnessed for the regeneration of the carbon capture solution, as well as to drive both the organic Rankine cycle and the double-effect absorption chiller, enabling cascade utilization of the energy. The thermodynamic and exergo-economic models are carried out to evaluate system performance. The relationship between the material, energy and cost flow from biomass to products is analyzed. Finally, the influence of key parameters on system performance is studied. The results show that the energy efficiency of the BtX system is 54.0 % and the exergy efficiency is 35.4 %. The yield rate of methanol with 99.2 wt% purity is 6.48 tons/h. The cost of equipment, propanol and biomass accounts for 34.9 %, 28.9 % and 28.1 % of the total investment cost, respectively, while the cost of the PEMFC stack represents 50.4 % of the equipment costs. The unit exergy cost of the electricity and methanol are 0.068 $/kWh and 0.049 $/kWh, respectively. The methanol, carbon capture and cooling costs are most sensitive to the change in the propanol cost, followed by the biomass cost. For every 0.05 increase in the hydrogen fraction to methanol production, the electricity decreases by 3.1 MW and the methanol yield increases by 0.23 kg/s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}