Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"Innovative design and performance analysis of a Static Shaft Wankel Expander for Micro-Scale Organic Rankine Cycles","authors":"Anil Taskin, Salman Farrukh, Jonri LomiGa, Saad Mahmoud, Raya Al-Dadah","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119331","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-scale Organic Rankine Cycles (mORC) hold significant potential for utilizing low-grade heat sources, such as solar energy, geothermal energy, and industrial waste heat. However, the development of efficient, cost-effective expanders remains a challenge. This study introduces a novel Static Shaft Wankel Expander (SSWE) designed and manufactured without valves, allowing the rotating rotor to directly control inlet and exhaust port timing, thereby simplifying construction and reducing costs. We performed a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation to analyse the SSWE’s flow characteristics and thermodynamic performance, achieving up to 84 % isentropic efficiency and generating 874 W of power. Validation through experimental testing, using refrigerant R245fa, showed a deviation of only 4.5 % from the CFD results. The experimental results indicated that the mORC with the SSWE produced 834 W at 94 °C with an isentropic efficiency of 81 %. The study highlights the SSWE as a promising candidate for mORC applications, offering low cost, simplified design, and competitive efficiency. This approach contributes to the advancement of sustainable energy systems, supporting the economic feasibility and broader adoption of mORC technologies.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of a heat-integrated biomass downdraft gasifier: Estimating key model parameters using experimental data","authors":"Houda M. Haidar, James W. Butler, Samira Lotfi, Anh-Duong Dieu Vo, Peter Gogolek, Kimberley McAuley","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119372","url":null,"abstract":"Kinetic and transport parameters in a model of a heat-integrated biomass downdraft gasifier are poorly known and require estimation. The large number of parameters (40) arises from pyrolysis, combustion, and gasification reactions, as well as heat-transfer phenomena inside the gasifier and associated heat-integration system. Due to complexity of the model and the limited available data, only a subset of the parameters can be reliably estimated. A sensitivity-based approach is used to determine the appropriate number of parameters to estimate while preventing overfitting. It is hypothesized that estimating these important parameters will result in better model predictions. The 40 parameters are ranked from most-estimable to least-estimable based on sensitivity information and initial parameter uncertainties. A mean-squared-error criterion is then used to determine that 27 parameters should be estimated using data from 15 experimental runs, with the remaining 13 parameters fixed at their initial values. A diagnosis of the 13 low-ranked parameters reveals that 8 parameters are not estimated due to correlation with high-ranked parameters and that the remaining 5 parameters have little influence on model predictions. The model is validated using two runs not used for parameter tuning. The updated model is used to predict that a taller gasifier would not improve the quality of the producer gas. Simulations show that increasing the producer-gas demand by 50% results in a 15.2% decrease in H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>/CO ratio, a 52.6% increase in tar content in the producer gas, and a 44% increase in electrical energy output.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the theoretical wind potential of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A novel Bayesian Monte-Carlo framework for the Weibull bivariate distribution","authors":"Liting Wang, Renzhi Liu, Weihua Zeng, Lixiao Zhang, Huaiwu Peng, John Kaiser Calautit, Bingran Ma, Ruijia Zhang, Xiyao Ma, Xiaohan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119375","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the regional theoretical wind potential is crucial for wind power planning and construction. Previous studies have faced challenges including inconsistent wind speed data quality, unquantified uncertainties in distribution parameters, and flawed methods for estimating theoretical wind potential. Therefore, this study introduced a Hierarchical Bayesian-Monte Carlo framework that processed multi-year and multi-source wind speed data in a probabilistic and hierarchical manner. It could quantify the uncertainties associated with wind speed distributions and their parameters and reduce prediction errors by integrating the historical data. Moreover, the effects of wind speed and air density variations over the blade sweep height and the maximum possible power coefficient were considered on the traditional method of estimating theoretical wind potential. The results showed that the wind speed distributions in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau followed Weibull functions, with the prior distributions of their parameters <ce:italic>k</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>λ</ce:italic> being gamma functions. Using the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to simulate the posterior distributions indicated that the overall standard deviations after merging the two chains of <ce:italic>k</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>λ</ce:italic> were less than 0.0193 and 0.0244 m/s, respectively. The uncertainties of <ce:italic>k</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>λ</ce:italic> were less than 0.08 and 0.097 m/s, respectively. The discrepancies between the predicted and actual wind speeds were less than 0.089 m/s. These findings confirmed the validity and reliability of the Hierarchical Bayesian-Monte Carlo model. Furthermore, in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, 19.31 % of the area had the maximum theoretical wind potential, 21.43 % a high level, and 19.78 % a moderate level. Consequently, the flexible methodological framework established by this study can effectively support the identification of optimal locations for wind power development across regions.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new criterion and method for classifying combustion modes in a high compression ratio spark ignition engine","authors":"Yaodong Wang, Yan Su, Xiaoping Li, Fangxi Xie, Tong Yang, Bo Wang, Bo Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119395","url":null,"abstract":"Internal combustion engines are evolving to attain advanced combustion modes with higher percentage of compression ignition combustion. Homogeneous charge compression ignition is limited by load range and combustion stability, so hybrid combustion modes have emerged as a key research hotspot. In order to optimize hybrid combustion modes, combustion modes should be accurately identified. Therefore, this study introduces a new criterion and method to identify combustion modes. The results show that high compression ratio spark ignition engines are prone to autoignition, however, a trade-off relationship exists between high percentage of compression ignition combustion and the optimal combustion phase. As low percentage of compression ignition is favorable for engine efficiency, reduction of the combustion intensity should be considered. Under spark ignition assistance, both single-fuel and dual-fuel combustion exhibit a combustion mode where spark ignition and compression ignition occur simultaneously, which is defined as spark-assisted compression ignition combustion mode. The peak value (HP) for the second derivative of heat release rate at the onset of a combustion mode is strongly correlated with burning intensity and can be used to identify different combustion modes. The HP of spark ignition combustion is less than 1.5 J/deg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>. Spark-assisted compression ignition combustion has an HP between 1.5 J/deg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> and 5.0 J/deg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>, while the HP of premixed compression ignition combustion is at least 5.0 J/deg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking stock of the climate impact of the hydrogen pathways for the aviation sector by 2050","authors":"Saeed Rostami, Khodayar Javadi, Abbas Maleki","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119369","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of hydrogen as a viable alternative for kerosene in the aviation sector has attracted significant attention. However, comprehending the environmental impacts of hydrogen pathways is a complex endeavor that relies on the specific production pathways employed. The aim of this study is to provide a Well-to-Wake analysis by examining the environmental effects six distinct hydrogen production pathways. Moreover, this research provides an estimating of hydrogen leakage and its indirect effects on the atmosphere. To achieve this, besides use the Aviation Integrated Model, an extensive review of numerous articles is incorporated to determine the value of equivalent of carbon dioxide of production pathways. The research predicts that 12.2 Mt, 10.6 Mt, and 7.3 Mt of unburned hydrogen will permeate the atmosphere in 2050 across the high, medium, and low demand scenarios, respectively. The penalty factor, which quantifies the additional environmental impact of hydrogen pathways compared to conventional jet fuel, for electrolysis from renewable resources ranges from −1.37 to −0.02 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent per hectojoule (kg CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>eq/hJ) in the mid-demand scenario, while renewable thermal water splitting consistently maintains a negative penalty factor, reaching −0.30 kg CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>eq/hJ by 2050. In contrast, electrolysis from the existing electricity grid’s penalty factor is projected to increase dramatically from −1.27 to 12.23 kg CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>eq/hJ by 2050 under the mid-demand scenario.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal processing of polyethylene in superheated steam and supercritical water into fuels and chemicals","authors":"Daniel Lachos-Perez, Kalsoom Jan, Evan Yu, Akash Patil, Wan-Ting Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119355","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to elucidate the mass transfer behavior and reaction mechanisms governing the depolymerization of polyethylene (PE) during hydrothermal processing (HTP). It specifically focuses on the comparative effects of superheated steam (SHS, defined as water heated beyond its boiling point at a given pressure without undergoing condensation) and supercritical water (SCW, formed above the critical point of water) conditions on PE depolymerization, providing an unprecedented analysis of these two environments. The effects of pressure ranging from 5.5 to 23 MPa, polymer concentrations between 30–83 wt%, and temperatures of 425 and 450 °C. The oil, gas, and solid products obtained were analyzed by quantifying their total yields, and the chemical compositions of the oil, aqueous phase products and gas were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography coupled to a thermal conductivity detector (GC-TCD) respectively. The results show comparable oil yields (∼83 %) between reactions conducted at lower pressures with SHS and those operated at 23 MPa with SCW. Notably, the chemical composition of the oils − primarily olefins and paraffins − remained identical regardless of changes in pressure; the same was observed when increasing polymer concentration under conditions with SHS. At higher temperatures (450 °C), complete conversion of PE into valuable chemicals, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in the oil was observed. The chemical composition of the gas revealed the absence of CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> from reactions conducted with SHS, representing a notable advantage for this technology considering CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and its role as a major greenhouse gas. By understanding the differences between SHS and SCW, this study provides insights into optimizing HTP for efficient PE conversion and the development of sustainable technologies for plastic waste management and resource recovery.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal sizing and techno-economic-environmental evaluation of biomass-solar-wind-grid hybrid energy system: A case study of an institute in South India","authors":"Beno Wincy Winsly, Vignesh Kumar Ramalingam, Joseph Sekhar Santhappan, Arokia Jaswin Maria, Murugan Paradesi Chokkalingam, Vijayakumar Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119352","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of infrastructure in educational institutions needs the inclusion of on-campus renewable power generation to meet the guidelines of governments and international energy agencies. Several studies have evaluated the utilization of solar and wind energy sources with grid power, with the aim of economically integrating clean energy into small-scale applications. The load patterns of educational institutions differ from those of other applications, necessitating a specialized study to effectively implement the available energy sources. Bio-energy is an attractive option to supply power during low wind or non-sunshine hours. In response, this study comprehensively analyzed the feasibility of implementing a hybrid energy system that incorporates biomass, solar, wind, and grid energy in a higher education institution. The hybrid optimization software tool ’HOMER PRO’ optimized the total system. The average demand and peak load of the institution are 813.86 kWh/day and 128.21 kW, respectively. Among eight configurations identified in this study, a hybrid system with 387 kW solar photovoltaic, 20 kW wind turbine, 4 kW biomass gasifier-operated generator, and grid utility support has 95 % renewable energy penetration. The optimized system has a levelized cost of energy of INR 3.36 (US$ 0.040)/kWh. The specific cost of electricity from solar, wind, and biomass systems is identified as 3.27 (US$ 0.039), 1.64 (US$ 0.02), and 8.01 (US$ 0.096) INR/kWh, respectively. The system can sell 3,66 MWh annually with a significant return on investment. The facility requires 6000 and 10000 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> of area for establishing solar and wind farms, respectively. The reduction in grid power utilization reduced the total system’s annual CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emissions to 21 tons. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis assessed the impact of resource availability and cost variations on the net present cost and cost of electricity. The implementation of the proposed system in other locations requires modifications in the input parameter in accordance with the resource data and load profiles.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"14 36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of oblique waves on the hydrodynamic characteristics of horizontal axis tidal current turbine","authors":"Fukang Zhang, Yingqin Zhang, Yuzhang Wu, Feiqi Yuan, Gang Xiong, Qihu Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119350","url":null,"abstract":"Horizontal axis tidal current turbine (HATCT), as an effective device for obtaining tidal current energy, has received widespread attention and research. The currents and oblique waves in the ocean can evolve into complex flow fields and greatly affect the performance of HATCT, which is rarely studied, so it is necessary to explore the hydrodynamic characteristics of the HATCT under tidal currents and oblique waves. In this study, a wave-current interaction model was developed and combined with the Blade Element Momentum theory, a numerical model for calculating the hydrodynamic characteristics of the HATCT under oblique waves was established and verified. Compared to the computational fluid dynamics method, the numerical method’s computational efficiency has increased by about 869 times. After extensive calculations, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the HATCT were analyzed. Under different wave angles, the main fluctuation frequency of the power coefficient (<ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">P</ce:inf></ce:italic>) or thrust coefficient (<ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">T</ce:inf></ce:italic>) is equal to the wave encounter frequency, and the mean values of the <ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">P</ce:inf></ce:italic> or <ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">T</ce:inf></ce:italic> are almost unchanged. The multimodal phenomenon in the frequency domain of the blade <ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">P</ce:inf></ce:italic> or <ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">T</ce:inf></ce:italic> is affected by the composite frequencies of rotor rotation frequencies and wave encounter frequencies. The beat frequency phenomenon in the <ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">P</ce:inf></ce:italic> or <ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">T</ce:inf></ce:italic> is caused by the difference between the rotor rotation frequencies and wave encounter frequencies. The similarity exists in the <ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">P</ce:inf></ce:italic> or <ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">T</ce:inf></ce:italic> under the symmetrical wave angles.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multivariate nonlinear regression prediction model for the performance of cooling tower assisted ground source heat pump system","authors":"Ting Lan, Rong Hu, Qi Tang, Minxia Han, Shuqin Wu, Gang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119333","url":null,"abstract":"Cooling tower-assisted ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems have been widely used in the regions where both cooling and heating are required in recent years. However, the issue of system design and management is still under discussion. The ratio of heat removed by cooling tower to the absorbed by the ground would influence the operation performance of hybrid system. This study developed a method to predict the system comprehensive coefficient of performance (SCOP) of hybrid system to optimize system structure and operation. Taking a cooling tower-assisted GSHP in a residential district in a hot summer and cold winter region as an example, a multivariate nonlinear regression prediction model for SCOP was derived based on the data recorded from May to September 2021 by the Building Energy Management System (BEMS) and the simulation results using TRNSYS software. Outdoor dry bulb, wet bulb temperatures, soil temperature, and auxiliary cooling ratio (ACR) are involved in the model. Based on model prediction and system simulation, the ACR of cooling tower-chiller unit should take 0.7 of the accumulated cooling load, considering the SCOP in summer and sustainability for long-term. An operation strategy has been proposed, prioritizing the operation of cooling tower-chiller and controlling the temperature difference between supply and return chilled water within 6℃. The average SCOP of the existing hybrid system can reach 5.56, and the soil temperature rise is within 4℃ over 15 years. The model can predict the variation of average SCOP with ACR during the cooling season in different regions. The calculation results serve as reference for designing and operating hybrid ground source heat pump (HGSHP) systems, ensuring system sustainability while achieving optimal SCOP.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing temperature and pressure in PEM electrolyzers: A model-based approach to enhanced efficiency in integrated energy systems","authors":"Luka Bornemann, Jelto Lange, Martin Kaltschmitt","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119338","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen stands as a promising energy carrier within the ongoing energy supply transformation, yet its production via electrolyzers remains prohibitively costly. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an advanced equation-oriented process model for a PEM (Polymer-Electrolyte-Membrane) electrolysis system, including the electrolyzer and downstream hydrogen compression, aimed at optimizing the interaction of its operating parameters (i.e., current density, temperature, pressure). Initially, the model is utilized to analyze the isolated performance of the electrolysis system through operational flowsheet optimizations, followed by its integration into a broader energy system for operational planning optimization.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}