Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"Minimizing Levelized Cost of Energy and visual impact in Mediterranean offshore wind farms: A multi-objective optimization approach","authors":"V.F. Barnabei,&nbsp;M. Conti,&nbsp;T.C.M. Ancora,&nbsp;G. Delibra,&nbsp;A. Castorrini,&nbsp;F. Rispoli,&nbsp;A. Corsini","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Offshore wind farms are emerging as a key power plant option for EU’s transition to net-zero emissions by 2050. With the growing trend of installing large turbines in multi-gigawatt farms, increasing attention is being given to the visual impact perceived from the coast. This study introduces an optimization method that incorporates visual impact as a social-acceptance indicator and the Levelized Cost of Energy to provide a comprehensive techno-economic sustainability assessment for offshore wind projects. The method resolves a multi-objective and multi-constrained wind farm layout optimization problem in a designated marine area. The number of turbines is one of the independent variables in each studied wind farm and multiple points of observation from the shoreline are contributing to the evaluation on visual impact. The case study is represented by a virtual wind farm located in the Mediterranean Sea, with 15 MW turbines. The results yield a Pareto front, with the trade-off solution represented by a farm with 13 turbines, distributed regularly, and a Levelized Cost of Energy of 110.73 €/MWh. Additionally, four comparative analyses are performed to evaluate the effect of (i) different turbine sizes, (ii) different wake loss models, (iii) different wind data source and (iv) different wind farm areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 120204"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of nozzle geometries for hydrogen direct injection internal combustion engine","authors":"Kevin Moreno-Cabezas,&nbsp;Moez Ben Houidi,&nbsp;Abdullah Zaihi,&nbsp;William L. Roberts,&nbsp;Hong G. Im","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of injector geometry on hydrogen fuel mixing and combustion performance in a light-duty pent-roof spark-ignition engine under engine-relevant conditions. Using CONVERGE CFD v3.1, simulations were conducted for various injector designs, including hollow-cone and solid multi-hole configurations (ranging from one to ten holes), to analyze their effects on jet dynamics, turbulence, fuel–air mixing, combustion efficiency, and emissions. The results demonstrate that multi-hole injectors significantly enhance hydrogen–air mixing compared to hollow-cone designs, promoting more uniform fuel distribution. The ten-hole injector achieved the most effective mixing, leading to lower combustion temperatures and reduced NO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions. However, the six-hole injector provided an optimal balance, delivering higher work output while maintaining low emissions and reduced heat transfer losses. Additionally, the study examines the impact of caps on hollow-cone injectors, revealing distinct jet dynamics that require careful design to optimize fuel–air distribution. While the study is limited to simulations conducted under engine-relevant conditions without parametric optimization of operating variables, its scope focuses on evaluating injector and cap modifications to highlight their distinct features. These findings offer new insights into how injector geometry and cap design influence in-cylinder processes and provide guidance for the future development of efficient, low-emission hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 120245"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An empirical ignition delay correlation allowing cetane number rating in a production compression ignition engine","authors":"Victor Sileghem ,&nbsp;Tara Larsson ,&nbsp;Tom Robeyn ,&nbsp;Simon Vanhaverbeke ,&nbsp;Toby Luys ,&nbsp;Jochen Decaestecker ,&nbsp;Sebastian Verhelst","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents an alternative cetane rating method using a production compression ignition (CI) engine, offering an accessible approach for preliminary fuel evaluation without the need for specialized equipment. As part of this work, an empirical correlation was developed linking ignition delay (ID) to both the cetane number (CN) and intake oxygen concentration. The test method follows the principle of ASTM D613 but controls ID using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) instead of the CFR engine’s variable compression. The oxygen concentration required to achieve a set ID is correlated to the fuel’s CN. Experiments were conducted using a modern automotive CI engine fuelled with blends of diesel, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and <em>iso</em>-octane, achieving a CN measurement range of 40–80. The method yields an error margin of ±3.4 CN at 52 CN, representing a 22% improvement over ASTM D613. At higher CNs, the increased ID variability due to high EGR rates causes errors to increase up to ±11.7 at CN 80. Calibration with primary reference fuels (PRFs) reduces the average error by 26%, yielding error margins of ±2.5 CN at 52 and ±8.8 CN at 80. While the ignition quality tester (IQT) remains a more accurate alternative, the proposed method offers a practical and engine-representative alternative for CN determination. Despite its limitations and the challenges associated with EGR, the method is well-suited for preliminary fuel screening in research settings and offers potential for further refinement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 120295"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agrophotovoltaic systems in sugarcane crop − A Brazilian case study","authors":"Ricardo Araujo Ferreira Junior ,&nbsp;Igor Cavalcante Torres ,&nbsp;Leonardo Faustino Lacerda de Souza ,&nbsp;Marcos Alex dos Santos ,&nbsp;Márcio André Araújo Cavalcante ,&nbsp;Chigueru Tiba ,&nbsp;José Leonaldo de Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agrophotovoltaic (APV) systems address land-use conflicts between agriculture and photovoltaic energy production, particularly in regions like northeastern Brazil with high solar irradiance and extensive sugarcane cultivation. This study explores whether integrating photovoltaic (PV) systems above sugarcane crops can enhance energy generation and agricultural productivity. We hypothesize that the shading provided by PV modules may alleviate thermal and water stress on sugarcane, resulting in improved crop growth without compromising solar energy production. A pilot APV system with a capacity of 71.4 kWp was deployed over sugarcane fields, and its structural integrity, energy performance, microclimate impacts, and crop responses were monitored for one year. The system achieved a Final Yield of 109.51 kWh kWp⁻¹, a Capacity Factor of 16.88 %, and a Performance Ratio of 68.63 %. In contrast, the average sugarcane yields under the APV system were 38.79 % higher than those of conventional cultivation (82.02 vs. 59.10 Mg ha⁻¹ for stalk biomass). The Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) reached 1.69, indicating that combined land use outperforms isolated agriculture or energy production by 69 %. These results demonstrate that APV systems can significantly enhance land-use efficiency while increasing energy generation and crop productivity, positioning sugarcane-based APV as a viable solution for sustainable development in tropical regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 120307"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of non-eutectic phase transitions in NaI-EC solutions on ionocaloric refrigeration: experiments and thermodynamic diagram analysis","authors":"Libo Wang ,&nbsp;Zhu Jiang ,&nbsp;Jinrui Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaosong Zhang ,&nbsp;Shifang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ionocaloric refrigeration cycle has emerged as a promising eco-friendly phase-change cooling technology utilizing a sodium iodide-ethylene carbonate (NaI-EC) solution as the working fluid. Through the implementation of electrodialysis separation and salt-solid mixing for solution concentration modulation, the solid–liquid phase transition temperature is controlled to enable adjustable refrigeration. The solid-phase fraction of the solution primarily dictates the system’s refrigeration capacity and energy conversion efficiency. While the lever rule has been employed to calculate solid-phase fractions within the two-phase region, the NaI-EC system exhibits pronounced non-eutectic phase transition characteristics, violating fundamental assumptions of this classical approach and introducing significant calculation errors. To elucidate these effects, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was utilized to characterize heat-flow curves for non-eutectic concentrations. Thermodynamic cycle paths were established through reconstruction of temperature-concentration (T–x) and temperature-entropy (T–s) diagrams. A heat-flow integration method was developed to account for solid-phase fraction variations arising from non-eutectic phase transitions. Thermodynamic performance analysis was performed through integration of conductivity experiments with an electrodialysis separation model. All calculations were conducted under a refrigeration temperature of 6.4 °C. Under a temperature drop of 25 K, the heat-flow integration method achieved a COP of 2.69, whereas the lever rule overestimated refrigeration efficiency by 10.4 %. At temperature drops of 20 K and 15 K, the validated method yielded COPs of 4.55 and 4.81, while the lever rule underpredicted performance by 18.7 % and 17.5 %, respectively. These findings underscore the limited applicability of the lever rule in systems exhibiting non-eutectic phase transition characteristics. The experimentally validated heat-flow integration approach establishes a more accurate framework for thermodynamic performance evaluation in such refrigeration systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 120324"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance thermal management materials: Synergistic integration of passive radiative cooling and latent heat storage capabilities","authors":"Wentao Zhang,&nbsp;Xingchi Jiang,&nbsp;Zhu Cheng,&nbsp;Wenxin Hu,&nbsp;Enshen Long","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiative cooling (RC) is a sustainable, zero-energy cooling technology that achieves self-cooling by dissipating heat to outer space via thermal radiation, offering considerable potential for development. However, the effectiveness of radiative cooling materials (RCMs) is constrained by weather variability and a limited cooling capacity, restricting their applicability to diverse thermal management needs. To address these limitations, this study introduces an innovative thermal management material (TMM) that synergistically integrates RC with latent heat storage, enabling efficient thermal radiation, energy storage, and dynamic temperature regulation. The RC module passively emits thermal radiation to outer space throughout day and night, ensuring continuous cooling. The phase change material (PCM) module absorbs excess cooling from the RC process to prevent overcooling and strategically releases stored thermal energy when RC is insufficient, thereby stabilizing the cooling effect. This dynamic regulation improves system stability and maximizes cooling efficiency. Experimental results show that the TMM extends the cooling duration to 252 min by compensating when the RCM alone becomes insufficient, outperforming conventional RCMs. Under 720 W/m² solar radiation, the TMM maintains a temperature 10 °C lower than conventional RCMs and 20 °C below testing environment. Furthermore, the TMM maintains temperatures within a comfortable 24–28 °C range, prolonging cold energy regulation by approximately 152 min and mitigating excessive cooling. The TMM demonstrates exceptional thermal stability and performance across varying weather conditions. This study introduces a novel strategy for intelligent, low-energy thermal management, expanding the applicability of RC technology and paving the way for next-generation energy-efficient TMMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 120301"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Many-objective optimization for thermal management system of electric vehicle based on many-population many-objective grey wolf optimizer","authors":"Jianqin Fu ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Guanjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Yaorui Shen ,&nbsp;Jianxiong Liu ,&nbsp;Xilei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optimization of thermal management system design parameters is critical for enhancing overall energy efficiency and dynamic performance of electric vehicles. In this study, a high-fidelity vehicle simulation model incorporating a detailed thermal management system was constructed, and the orthogonal experimental design was employed to systematically explore design space. On this basis, a high-accuracy surrogate model was developed using extreme gradient boosting, and the many-population many-objective grey wolf optimizer was proposed to navigate the complex multi-dimensional pareto front. The results indicate that extreme gradient boosting model exhibits robust generalization capability with an average prediction error below 3% across all optimization objectives. The many-population many-objective grey wolf optimizer demonstrates superior performance compared to conventional benchmarks, achieving rapid convergence and a well-distributed solution set, as evidenced by optimal hypervolume and spacing metrics. The final optimized solution leads to a 27.08% reduction in compressor power consumption, a 43.62% increase in coefficient of performance and a 5.23% extension in driving range, with validation errors maintained below 2% relative to high-fidelity simulations. The performance analysis of final solution reveals that optimizing compressor displacement, enlarging refrigerant circuit diameters, and fine-tuning heat exchanger dimensions significantly improve energy efficiency. These findings provide in-depth insights into the energy flow regulation mechanisms within thermal management system architectures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 120299"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized design of fins shape of soil steam disinfection devices based on enhanced heat transfer","authors":"Xia Zhang ,&nbsp;Wentao Hu ,&nbsp;Weida Zeng ,&nbsp;Weichao Wang ,&nbsp;Shusheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Jinhe Li ,&nbsp;Junwei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming to address the critical challenges of low heating rates and high energy consumption in soil steam disinfection, a novel cosine finned tube steam output device was developed. The disinfection efficiency of the device was investigated using a Volume of Fluid (VOF) model, with experimental data from a soil steam disinfection test platform validating the model accuracy. By adjusting key structural parameters of cosine fins to optimize fin amplitude (A) and angular frequency (ω), the cosine fins with A = 75 and ω = 0.02 achieved the shortest time to reach peak temperature in soil, compared to straight-fin designs, resulting in higher thermal efficiency. Specifically, cosine fins could heat soil to 80 °C at 89.7 s, achieving 41.3 % greater efficiency than conventional straight plate fins. Post-heating insulation tests over 30 min showed cosine fins maintained higher cross-sectional temperatures in both XZ and YZ planes compared to plate straight fins superior thermal retention. Additionally, Cosine fins reduce steam consumption by approximately 40 % (669–1580 kJ) in the range of 70-90℃ and control system heat loss at 64–830 kJ, while plate straight fins have a heat loss of 733–2410 kJ. These findings provide actionable insights for advancing agricultural disinfection equipment, offering both efficiency gains and energy savings for sustainable farming practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 120283"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen production via electrolysis: A model-based assessment of its impact on a climate-neutral German energy system","authors":"Luka Bornemann,&nbsp;Jelto Lange,&nbsp;Martin Kaltschmitt","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of “green” hydrogen into the energy supply represents a key strategy for the defossilization of energy systems. However, its economic viability remains constrained by the currently high production costs. A possible strategy to enhance the economic feasibility of hydrogen-based energy systems is the system-integrated utilization of oxygen, a by-product of electrolysis. This study examines the potential of integrating electrolysis-derived oxygen into various industrial applications using an energy system optimization model of Germany. The analysis focuses on identifying the cost-saving potential, the resulting impact on the hydrogen and oxygen supply chains, and suitable industrial sites for oxygen utilization. The findings reveal that integrating electrolysis-derived oxygen into industrial processes offers substantial cost-saving opportunities while influencing the optimal configuration of hydrogen supply chains and infrastructure. Incorporating electrolysis-derived oxygen into existing industrial processes can reduce total system costs by up to <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>% without significantly changing hydrogen infrastructure design or the average levelized costs of hydrogen. Further savings are achievable by introducing new applications such as oxy-fuel combustion and wastewater treatment. In this case, system costs can decrease by up to <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span>%, and average levelized costs of hydrogen can fall by <span><math><mn>7</mn></math></span>%. These changes also shift optimal electrolyzer siting toward industrial locations with high oxygen demand. The high-value chemical industry, in particular, can cover nearly its entire newly created oxygen demand through electrolysis. The results highlight the systemic value of integrating electrolysis-derived oxygen and underscore the importance of including oxygen utilization in early hydrogen infrastructure planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 120213"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel coupled cooling configuration for solar power tower plants: Feasibility analysis and multi-objective optimization","authors":"Xiaoxiao Li ,&nbsp;Wenyu Zu ,&nbsp;Qibin Li ,&nbsp;Chao Liu ,&nbsp;Junjie Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of global energy transition, concentrated solar power systems, particularly solar power towers, offer critical advantages in thermal energy storage and dispatchable electricity generation. However, their deployment in arid regions requires cooling solutions with minimal water consumption, where natural draft dry cooling towers face challenges of high capital costs and structural shadow effects in SPT plants. This study proposes a coupled cooling system that integrates finned-tube heat exchangers into the base of the solar power tower, leveraging the tower’s structural height to generate buoyant airflow while eliminating standalone cooling infrastructure. A validated 1D model was developed for the coupled cooling system, incorporating a 0.5 m insulation layer at the tower top to minimize heat losses of the receiver. Comparative analyses under design and off-design conditions revealed that, despite the high-aspect-ratio structure introducing a trade-off between enhanced natural draft and elevated flow resistance, the 262 m coupled cooling system achieves 180.03 MW heat rejection, comparable to a conventional 120 m natural draft dry cooling tower with minimal terminal temperature differences. Further integration with a 100 MW recompression sCO₂ power cycle achieved a cycle efficiency of 45.76 % through multi-objective optimization. Economic evaluation confirms 15.16 % lower levelized cooling cost versus mechanical draft system. The results confirm the technical viability of coupled cooling system as a water-efficient solution for arid-region CSP plants, addressing critical challenges in sustainable power generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 120302"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}