Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"Efficient framework for energy management of microgrid installed in Aljouf region considering renewable energy and electric vehicles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an efficient one-to-one-based optimizer as a new energy management method for a grid-connected microgrid in order to address both environmental and economic concerns. The suggested approach is distinguished by its robust exploration capabilities that allow the technique to reach the global solution and avoid local ones, along with its ease of deployment. The microgrid under consideration consists of conventional resources, microturbine, fuel cell, storage batteries, and electric vehicles, as well as renewable energy sources like photovoltaic and wind turbine. Real-time 24-hour solar irradiance, wind speed, and air temperature data of Sakaka, Aljouf region in Saudi Arabia located at 29° 58′ 15.13″N latitude and 40° 12′ 18.03″E longitude are utilized while the stochastic natures of renewable resources have been modeled using Beta and Weibull probability distribution functions. Various scenarios of renewable resources’ generations as well as electric vehicle’s charging states are analyzed. A thorough comparison is made with the published krill herd optimizer, in addition to other programmed algorithms such as grey wolf optimizer, Runge Kutta optimization, salp swarm algorithm, hippopotamus optimization algorithm, and Newton Raphson based optimizer. Also, the suggested approach is validated statistically through the use of Kruskal Wallis, Friedman, ANOVA, and Wilcoxon rank tests. With renewable resources working normally, the recommended strategy outperformed the published krill herd optimizer in terms of operating cost savings and emission reductions, which were 53.85 % and 46.62 %, respectively. While during the rated operation of renewable resources, the net savings and emission reductions were 10.14 % and 38.91 %, respectively. Additionally, the greatest cost savings during connecting electric vehicles at smart charging mode was 55.69 % as compared to the published approach. The suggested strategy can be recommended as an effective method for managing microgrid energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutting-edge biomass gasification technologies for renewable energy generation and achieving net zero emissions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass gasification is a significant technology for the production of bioenergy. A deeper understanding of biomass gasification is crucial, especially regarding its role in bioenergy carbon capture and storage and its contribution to achieving net-zero emissions. This novel review encompasses gasification processes, novel design technologies, advanced syngas cleaning strategies, scalability challenges, techno-economic analysis, societal and environmental aspects of biomass gasification for achieving net-zero emissions. Biomass gasification typically occurs within temperatures (500 to 1000 °C), pressures (0.98 to 2.94 atm), S/B (0.3–1), residence time (few minutes), moisture content (below 35%) and with or without the presence of a catalyst. It is found that optimizing the gasification key parameters significantly reduces impurities content. Gasifier design affects tar content significantly: updraft gasifiers produce the most tar (about 100 g/Nm³), downdraft gasifiers the least (around 1 g/Nm³) and fluidized-bed gasifiers have intermediate levels (around 10 g/Nm³). Physical-mechanical methods achieve 99% efficiency but reduce energy conversion and generate hazardous waste. Thermal and catalytic cracking methods offer up to 98–100% efficiency, with nickel-based catalysts being highly effective. Biomass gasification has attained a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 8–9, demonstrating its feasibility for large-scale implementation. However, it incurs a 15% cost increase and requires additional advancements to address technical and economic challenges. Furthermore, converting syngas into valuable products is vital for achieving negative GHG emissions. Continued research is essential to enhance the overall efficacy of the gasification process. Developing innovative approaches that efficiently valorize all gasification by-products is crucial for enabling widespread adoption in the global market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating fuel cell power systems for coastal and inland waterway vessels: Technical and economic perspectives","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing demand for sustainable shipping solutions, alternative energy sources and environmental protection technologies have become key areas of research. This study investigates the techno-economic feasibility of using hydrogen and ammonia fuels in fuel cell power systems for coastal and inland waterway vessels. Three system boundary frameworks were developed: one powered by a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, another by a solid oxide fuel cell using ammonia, and a comparative system using a traditional two-stroke diesel engine. A model of a fuel cell power system for coastal and inland waterway routes was developed for the “Han Hai V” container mother ship, considering operational conditions such as docking times, cargo space loss, and load variations on different routes. The model testing was set between Dalian Port and Yantai Port for coastal routes, and between Wuhan Port and Shanghai Port for inland routes. A comprehensive quantitative analysis of fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and economic benefits over the vessel’s lifespan was conducted. The results indicate that the new power system cases can reduce emissions by a maximum of 51.6 million tons on coastal routes and 116 million tons on inland routes. While hydrogen and diesel-powered systems show greater economic benefits in shorter routes, the economic gap between ammonia and these fuels narrows with increasing distances, highlighting ammonia’s potential for long-haul applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic low carbonization efficient solar-driven thermochemical energy storage reactor design inspired by the diatoms’ superior photosynthesis capacity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photon is the energy source that drives solar thermochemistry. Photon-based radiative transfer in the reactor space is an essential mode of energy transfer. However, there often exists mismatch between the radiative and chemical fields in direct solar thermochemical processes, which can lead to ultra-high temperature gradients and high carbonization rates. While, the vicious cycle that exists between high temperature gradients and higher carbonization rates could severely limit the thermochemical efficiency. To improve the efficiency and reduce the temperature gradient and carbonization, inspired by the superior performance of diatom photosynthesis, a biomimetic radiation-regulated reactor is proposed. The paper establishes multi-field model of steam methane reforming, and analyzes the energy conversion processes at pore-scale. In numerical analyses, compared to the conventional reactor, the biomimetic reactor enhances the light forward scattering in fore-end and the backward scattering in rear-end, which increases the light absorption efficiency by 6.8% and reduces the temperature gradient by 41.3%. In experimental investigation, the methane conversion and the solar-fuel efficiency of the biomimetic reactor is 48.6% and 44.0%, which is increased by 11.5% and 10.7% respectively. It also demonstrates high efficiency and stability under long operating conditions. The biomimetic reactor provides a new strategy for industrial solar-driven methane conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal comfort-constrained nonlinear operational optimization of a solar-absorption-radiant cooling system","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing demand for sustainable building solutions, especially under extreme weather conditions, there is a growing need for renewable-powered cooling systems that can minimize energy consumption and carbon emissions. Solar-absorption-radiant cooling systems offer a promising alternative to traditional air conditioning systems, but their effectiveness relies on efficient control strategies. This study investigates the optimal control of a solar-absorption-radiant cooling system for a single-story office building using non-linear programming (NLP) to minimize operating costs while maintaining thermal comfort. This is achieved by directly integrating the building model and thermal comfort calculations within the optimization procedure. By incorporating a solar collector, storage tank, assisting boiler, and absorption chiller, the system achieves a solar fraction of 0.8, minimizing daily operating costs to 2.11 USD and carbon emissions to ∼ 39.1 <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>. The system maintains an average PMV of 0.14, an operative temperature of 25.63 °C, and a coefficient of performance of 0.72. The study also explores the impact of varying thermal comfort constraints, ventilation rates, and inlet air temperatures on system performance. Stricter comfort constraints (PMV=-0.2 to 0.2) increase costs and emissions by 30.96 % and 37.5 % respectively, due to increased reliance on the natural gas boiler. Doubling the ventilation rate based on fresh outdoor air increases daily costs and emissions by 19 % and 22.6 % respectively. Conversely, utilizing a supplementary system to supply ventilation air at 25 °C significantly reduces costs and emissions by 26.2 % and 25.4 % respectively, and increases the solar fraction to 0.92. Compared to a conventional system powered solely by a natural gas boiler, the solar-powered system achieves substantial cost savings (45.9 %), reduced carbon emissions (52.5 %), and improved thermal comfort, highlighting the potential of this technology for sustainable building operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing the lifecycle carbon emissions of rice straw-to-methanol for alternative marine fuel through self-generation and renewable electricity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of maritime decarbonization has accelerated the adoption of alternative marine fuels, particularly methanol. However, its widespread adoption encounters three primary obstacles: pricing, availability, and carbon accounting. Given the current state of technological and industrial developments, designing technical routes that comply with carbon emission restrictions is a primary concern for all project stakeholders. Therefore, based on a 100,000 tons/year biomass-to-methanol (BTM) plant located in the eastern coast of China, four integrated routes were designed and simulated to obtain steam, electricity and water balances. Energy and exergy analysis were then performed. Finally, a carbon emission assessment (calculated as equivalent carbon dioxide ‘CO₂eq’) was conducted with 30 scenarios. Results indicated that the carbon emissions during rice straw production stage, including carbon emissions from methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice fields, were 0.2020 and 0.5563 kg CO₂eq/kg straw-dry using value and energy allocations, respectively. Excluding rice cultivation and harvesting, compared to the 2021 baseline level of 94 gCO₂eq/MJ set by the European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive III (EU RED III), the carbon emission intensity of methanol decreased by 75.4 %, 76.2 %, 71.5 % and 74.5 %, respectively for route 1 to 4, satisfying the EU-mandated carbon emission limit. Sensitivity analysis showed that reducing rice straw consumption and energy consumption of rice straw pulverizing, drying, and shaping could effectively reduce carbon emissions. Overall, given the carbon emission limit, for a BTM plants in plan or under-construction, this study suggests to provide external renewable electricity, or to configure self-generation utilizing by-product fuel gas and syngas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of powertrain architectures for fuel cell light commercial vehicles in terms of performance and durability","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At the present time, the critical climate situation has raised awareness about the importance of developing carbon-free technologies. In this context, fuel cell systems (FCS) have become one of the key technologies in the pathway to decarbonization. Given that road transport is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, this paper focuses on a specific segment of this sector: light commercial vehicles (LCVs). The current market situation shows that LCV manufacturers have not yet decided what is the appropriate powertrain architecture for this kind of vehicle. Thus, the current paper studies a wide range of possible FCS-based propulsive system designs, changing the size of the FCS, electric battery and H₂ tank. These propulsive system architectures are analyzed concerning the performance of the vehicle, in terms of consumption and range, and the durability of its FCS. The evaluation of these different designs will be highly valuable for the LCV industry and manufacturers, as it allows to understand the optimal powertrain solution. The study demonstrates that a significant increase in range can be achieved with only a minor penalty in hydrogen consumption. Additionally, the research indicates that it is feasible to employ one of the most durable FCS designs while meeting LCV mission requirements with minimal consumption penalty. In conclusion, this paper provides valuable data to the ongoing research in this field, offering a detailed analysis of the impact of H₂ consumption, autonomy, and durability of the FCS across various vehicle architectures under typical LCV driving conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal planning and operation of heterogeneous autonomous and grid-connected microgrids based on multi-criteria techno-economic, environmental, and social indices","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable energy transition involves the execution of recent technologies as a means of ensuring energy access and security. However, the increasing adoption of such technologies, particularly in the presence of diverse constraints, poses significant challenges from a planning perspective. In this context, the multi-objective analysis offers valuable insights for decision-making that balances mutual benefits, as relying solely on a single objective may increase the risk level for stakeholders engaged in coordinated decisions. Based on the real dataset, this study presents a comparative multi-criteria techno-economic, environmental, and social evaluation of site-specific unified standalone and grid-connected hybrid microgrids. The study employs a modified Last Cluster Mean Carried Forward approach for data processing, incorporating the Proprietary Derivative-free Algorithm and Original Grid-Search Algorithm to ensure a standardized comparison. Results reveal the substantial advantages of grid-connected systems over standalone counterparts, with reductions of 12.54 % to 63.73 % and 68.93 % to 89.13 % in terms of Net Present Cost and Levelized Cost of Energy, respectively. Grid-connected systems exhibit superior adaptability, recovering 52.3 % to 98.1 % surplus energy with a Renewable Fraction averaging 77.1 % to 87.9 %. However, these systems were hindered by frequent interruptions and required a minimum capacity shortage of 2.5 % to 3.5 %. Furthermore, grid-connected systems have proved feasible when carbon emissions, forests required to absorb the emissions, and the Social Cost of Carbon Emissions are considered in the range of 4.65–67.13 kiloton (metric), 423.32–6108.53 ha, and $0.24-$3.42 million, respectively. Social analysis and sensitivity analyses are performed to justify the robustness and adaptability. Lastly, the findings are followed by policy recommendations and results validation by comparing prevailing government tariffs and other studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High output, lightweight and small-scale rotational piezoelectric energy harvester utilizing internal impact effect","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is in great need to achieve continuous battery-free wireless sensing and monitoring of an amount of ultra-low-frequency large-scale rotational machines in transportation, civil engineering, manufacturing, and energy industry. Rotational piezoelectric energy harvesters are promising candidates to power sensors for their high energy densities and ease of integration. However, meeting the sufficient and continuous power supply needs of long-distance sensors for the Internet of Things (IoT) while maintaining the small volume and mass of harvesters remains a challenging task. To overcome this challenge, this work firstly implements the internal impact mechanism to a rotational centrifugal softening piezoelectric energy harvester to achieve its high output, lightweight and small-scale characteristics. On one hand, the internal impact effect utilizes the velocity difference between the piezoelectric beam and sliding mass to enlarge the deflection of piezoelectric material and boost the energy output. On the other hand, the centrifugal softening effect reduces the resonant frequency of harvester, leading to the harvester suitably used for the ultra-low-frequency rotation environment. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed harvester can achieve the normalized energy densities of 17.39 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>W/(g Hz) and 1800.97 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>W/(cm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> Hz) that stand out among the previously reported rotational piezoelectric energy harvesting devices. Additionally, it is proven experimentally that the energy harvester can achieve the self-powered LoRa system under ultra-low-frequency rotations. The proposed harvester demonstrates significant potential for future battery-free sensors in large-scale rotational machinery monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar-driven induced photoelectron remember effect involved in core–shell NiCo2S4@Ni3V2O8 composite electrode with superior electrochemical energy storage for asymmetric supercapacitor","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photo-assisted supercapacitor systems offer a compelling approach to effectively harnessing both solar and electrical energy. In this study, the core–shell heterostructure NiCo₂S₄@Ni₃V₂O₈ (NCS@NVO) was successfully synthesized for the development of photosensitive supercapacitor electrodes. NCS@NVO demonstrated a pronounced photoelectron memory effect under illumination, attributed to the solar-driven contributions of both NCS and NVO, as photon absorption facilitated electron-hole pair separation and transport. Compared to the specific capacitance in the dark (2292F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹), the capacitance of the NCS@NVO composite electrode increased dramatically to 3025F g⁻¹ when exposed to light. Moreover, the capacitance retention rate remained remarkably high at 99.83 % after 10,000 cycles at 20 A g⁻¹. In addition, the NCS@NVO hybrid supercapacitor achieved an outstanding energy density of 63.56 W h kg⁻¹ under illumination, alongside a power density of 789.84 W kg⁻¹. This study thoroughly investigated the solar-induced photoelectron memory effect in the NCS@NVO composite electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors, paving the way for the design of high-performance photosensitive nano-electrodes in advanced electrochemical energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}