Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive performance evaluation and sustainability ranking of battery technologies based on hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy linguistic decision-making","authors":"Sayan Das ,&nbsp;Manuel Baumann ,&nbsp;Marcel Weil","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Battery energy storage systems, in particular emerging systems based on abundant materials such as sodium and potassium are considered as sustainable alternatives to current lithium-based systems. However, sustainability assessment as well as the identification of potential improvement potentials require a complex assessment of multiple factors, including technical, economic, environmental and socio-political aspects. The interdependence and uncertainty of these criteria, particularly with qualitative data related to very different technology readiness levels (TRL), pose a significant challenge for robust assessments. The study proposes a new hesitant-intuitionistic framework for selecting energy storage technologies and to identify relevant improvement potentials, addressing all dimensions of sustainability under linguistic hesitancy and uncertainty. It uniquely incorporates detailed quantitative environmental impact data and raw material-based social sub-factors are also identified as the key factors that influence decision-making. The robustness of the results is validated with an additional fuzzy-decision making approach. Finally, the obstacle degree of each criterion and sub-criteria is conducted along with an uncertainty analysis to identify fields for improvement. The study exemplarily evaluates three different battery chemistries LiFePO₄ as state-of-the-art technology, and KFeSO₄F and NaNMMT as emerging technologies. First results indicate that the NaNMMT battery is the most sustainable option followed by LiFePO₄ and KFeSO₄F when socio-political factors are not considered. Whereas LiFePO₄ leads when this factor is included with other factors. The study identifies the environmental factor as the most influential in decision-making. Additionally, sub-factors such as cell voltage, energy density, cathode specific capacity, capital cost, price fluctuations, demand growth, and global warming also significantly impact the decision-making process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 119594"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal and time dependent thermodynamic analyses of a novel solar-driven hydrogen and power cogeneration system","authors":"Atefeh Delkhosh,&nbsp;Elaheh Neshat","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen has replaced many hydrocarbon fuels due to its lack of carbon emissions. Various energy sources are utilized in hydrogen production cycles, with solar energy being one of the cleanest and most renewable options. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of a novel integrated system for combined power, hydrogen, and heat production. The system combines a solar cycle, a solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine (SOFC-GT), and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). Both static and dynamic analyses are performed using EES and TRNSYS software. Initially, analyses of energy, exergy, and economics of the proposed system were conducted. A parametric study was performed to investigate the effects of various thermodynamic parameters on the system’s performance and costs. These parameters include the air-to-fuel ratio, fuel utilization factor, gas turbine efficiency, anode recycle ratio, and the operating temperature and pressure of the SOFC. The results showed that, in the static analysis, energy utilization factor, exergy utilization factor, and hydrogen production were 68.77 %, 62.49 %, and 12.12 (mole/s), respectively. Furthermore, the system’s levelized cost of energy and power are 0.088 ($/kWh) and 0.1243 ($/kWh), respectively. Results from the parametric analysis indicate that increasing the operating temperature of the SOFC leads to increases in energy utilization factor and exergy utilization factor by 20 % and 21 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 119630"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing the output and quality of variable renewable energy generation in wide area based on multi-objective optimization","authors":"Yunxiao Chen,&nbsp;Jinfu Liu,&nbsp;Daren Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To alleviate the pressure of excessive carbon emissions on the environment, the installed capacity of variable renewable energy represented by wind and solar energy has significantly increased. However, the strong volatility in high-capacity variable renewable energy may directly lead to high flexibility requirements, thereby endangering the reliability and economy of the power system, if no effective measures are taken. Expected high-quality energy has low flexibility requirements. This paper aims to achieve this goal based on the combination of wind and solar energy: at first, the indicators about the power out, flexibility requirements and comprehensive performance of variable renewable energy are respectively proposed. The characteristics of wind energy and solar energy are statistically analyzed based on the proposed indicators. Then, the paper proposes an allocation method for wind-solar energy ratios in wide area based on genetic algorithm. Single objective optimization and multi-objective optimization are conducted sequentially, with the eastern region in China as the site. Finally, the comprehensive performances of variable renewable energy before and after optimization are compared through statistical method. The results indicate that the proposed method can significantly improve the comprehensive performance and effectively balance the output and quality of renewable energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 119632"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating large-scale economic-environmental-energy coupling assessment and collaborative optimization into sustainable product footprint management: A graph-assisted life cycle energy efficiency enhancement approach","authors":"Tingwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Weimin Zhong ,&nbsp;Yurong Liu ,&nbsp;Renzhi Lu ,&nbsp;Xin Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Product footprint management strategies for long-process manufacturing industries generally lack systematic analysis of the interactions between economic, emission, and energy footprints, leading to missed energy conservation and emission reduction opportunities. Accordingly, this paper develops a product economic-environmental-energy footprint coupling assessment and collaborative optimization framework, enabling more precise quantitative analysis and significantly reducing product carbon footprint. Specifically, an integrated model based on Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) methods is designed to track the costs, energy consumption, and <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>2</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> emissions accurately. Given that “end-to-end” footprint assessment methods generally failing to distinguish the sources of high costs, emissions, and energy consumption within the production process, a sub-process-based footprint coupling assessment method is introduced to systematically measure each product’s economic, environmental, and energy impacts. Furthermore, a graph-based multi-objective optimization framework for low-carbon and energy-efficient production layout is established to fully explore the potential for energy conservation, emission reduction, and cost savings. A case study applying the proposed model and methodology to a real-world refinery production site demonstrates that concentrated carbon conversion, allocation, and secondary release are the primary causes of high emissions. After layout optimization, diesel oil’s energy and emission footprints decreased by 71.4% and 73.9%, respectively, showing substantial energy conservation and emission reduction potential. The constructed low-carbon and energy-efficient production layout optimization framework significantly reduces the comprehensive footprint of products and contributes to the green transformation of the refineries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 119616"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric-thermal collaborative system and control for hydrogen-fuel cell passenger trains in the UK’s winter","authors":"Zhan Xu ,&nbsp;Ning Zhao ,&nbsp;Yan Yan ,&nbsp;Shigen Gao ,&nbsp;Stuart Hillmansen","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a quantitative study on electric-thermal collaborative system for hydrogen-powered train, reutilising the waste heat from fuel cell system for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC). Firstly, a hybrid train simulator is developed to simulate the train’s motion state. Heat generation from fuel cell is estimated using a fuel cell model, while a detailed thermodynamic model for railway passenger coach is established to predict the heat demand. Furthermore, an electric-thermal collaborative energy management strategy (ETC-EMS) is proposed for the system to comprehensively optimise the on-train power distribution considering traction and auxiliary power. Finally, comparative analysis is performed among the train with electric heater (EH), heat pump (HP) and heat pump-heat reuse (HP-HR). The results demonstrate that, over a round trip, the proposed HP-HR with ETC-EMS recovers over 22.88% residual heat and saves 16.17% of hydrogen consumption. For the daily operation, it reduces hydrogen and energy consumption by 12.06% and 12.82 %, respectively. The findings indicate that collaborative optimisation brings significant improvements on the global energy utilisation. The proposed design with ETC-EMS is potential to further enhance the economic viability of hydrail and contributes to the rail decarbonisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 119629"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic analysis of hydrogen production in the sugarcane industry by steam reforming of ethanol with carbon capture","authors":"Isaac Sousa Martins ,&nbsp;Gabriel Fraga ,&nbsp;Song Zhou ,&nbsp;Aban Sakheta ,&nbsp;Jerome Ramirez ,&nbsp;Ian O’Hara","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable hydrogen production is a pivotal technology in transitioning to sustainable energy and is essential for global decarbonisation efforts. This study explores the integration of hydrogen production into sugarcane biorefineries, which have shifted from traditional sugar production to integrated bioenergy hubs. Specifically, steam reforming of ethanol was selected as the process for hydrogen generation. A comprehensive techno-economic analysis was developed to address research gaps and guide future work. A scenario of hydrogen production coupled with carbon capture was analysed, illustrating the potential to reduce the carbon footprint and utilise carbon dioxide for producing chemicals. The minimum selling price for hydrogen was determined to be 4.6 US$/kg for the base case scenario and 4.9 US$/kg for the comparison scenario with carbon capture, positioning it below the current average market price of 7.2 US$/kg. The capital and operating expenditures were determined to be US$ 273.1 million and 157.8 million for a 42,400 t/y hydrogen plant, and integrating carbon capture considering 282,800 t/y of carbon co-product yield was calculated at US$ 344.1 million and US$ 167.8 million, respectively. This dual approach of hydrogen production and carbon capture presents a strategy for implementing low-carbon processes that future biorefineries may consider. The primary impact highlighted by this integration is the enhancement of the sugarcane biorefineries’ value proposition, leveraging undervalued energy sources such as electricity and biogas. This study underscores the economic and environmental benefits of incorporating hydrogen production into sugarcane biorefineries on a<!--> <!-->large scale, offering a framework for future research and technological development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 119635"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient low-carbon hydrogen production system based on novel staged gasification coupling with chemical looping technology","authors":"Shengping Zhang ,&nbsp;Liangguo Lv ,&nbsp;Luxuan Liu ,&nbsp;Fei Dai ,&nbsp;Jun Sui","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient hydrogen production and decarbonization through coal gasification still suffers from significant challenges. In this work, a novel and efficient low-carbon hydrogen production method via coal staged gasification coupling chemical looping technology was innovatively proposed, the method exhibits potential advantages in improving hydrogen production efficiency and achieving near-zero energy CO₂ capture. Moreover, the chemical recuperation method that efficiently recovers the exhaust heat of the system is also employed to further enhance the gasification efficiency. Thermodynamic analysis results indicate that the cold gas efficiency of staged coal gasification, composed of coal pyrolysis and coke-CO₂ gasification, reaches 85.04 %. By coupling chemical looping technology using FeO/Fe₃O₄ as an oxygen carrier, the corresponding hydrogen production efficiency achieves 65.32 %, with CO₂ enrichment concentration reaching 92.14 %, thereby enabling zero-energy CO₂ capture. Additionally, thermodynamic exergy balance analysis shows that the exergy efficiency of the new method for hydrogen production reaches approximately 64.51 %. The staged gasification, chemical looping, and heat exchange processes are identified as key contributors to exergy destruction. The energy utilization diagram methodology is used to further elucidate the mechanism of exergy destruction from the perspective of the level difference between the energy donor and the energy acceptor. Moreover, the new method is also compared with conventional coal-to-hydrogen gasification technology. This work can serve as significant guidance for the development of novel low-carbon coal gasification hydrogen production technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 119625"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy efficient pretreatment for enhanced conversion of macroalgal biomass to bioenergy: Detailed energy and cost assessment","authors":"S. Kavitha ,&nbsp;Yukesh Kannah Ravi ,&nbsp;Rajeev Kumar Bhaskar ,&nbsp;Amit K. Bajhaiya ,&nbsp;J. Rajesh Banu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macroalgal biomass disintegration through bacterial pretreatment is considered a time consuming, slower and mild energy consuming process. The resistant and less permeable cell wall of macroalgal biomass makes the bacterial pretreatment less energy efficient. The macroalgal biomass, <em>Ulva sps.</em> comprises a double layered cell wall. A novel attempt has been made in the present study to weaken the cell wall of macroalgae through a nonionic surfactant, Triton X 100 with subsequent pretreatment by <em>cellulase</em> secreting bacteria. An effective cell wall weakening of macroalgae without biomass disintegration (cell lysis) was achieved at an optimal surfactant dose of 0.005 g/g TS and 25 min treatment time. The cell wall weakened, macroalgal biomass (CWW + CE) was subjected to <em>cellulase</em> secreting bacterial pretreatment. The weakening of the cell wall increases the surface area for the enzyme secreting bacteria and makes the overall process energy efficient with greater methane production. The results of bacterial pretreatment showed that CWW + CE exhibited a higher organic release of 1400 mg/L and liquefaction of 25 %, when compared to <em>cellulase</em> secreting bacterially pretreated (CE) sample. The CE showed an organic release of 845 mg/L and liquefaction of 15.1 %, respectively. The results of biomethane production imply that CWW + CE revealed a greater biomethane yield of 0.222 L/g COD in comparison with CE (0.114 L/g COD). The CWW + CE was superior to CE, with a net energy production of 219.785 kWh/Ton.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 119631"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a new CO2-rich natural gas to high-purity CO zero carbon emission system employing chemical looping process: Thermodynamic and environmental investigation","authors":"Zhulian Li ,&nbsp;Junnan Zhan ,&nbsp;Yu Fang ,&nbsp;Peiying Chen ,&nbsp;Taixiu Liu ,&nbsp;Qibin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Offshore natural gas (NG), as an important energy resource, has high CO₂ concentrations widely distributed from 20% to 80%. The effective conversion and utilization of these NG hold substantial environmental value. However, traditional NG conversion technologies, such as dry reforming of methane (DRM), cannot fully convert NG with such high CO₂ concentrations, often requiring decarbonization processes which causes significant energy loss and carbon emissions. In this work, a novel zero-carbon emission system for the efficient and environmentally friendly conversion of CO₂-rich NG is developed. Different from the traditional DRM route to produce syngas, the CO₂-rich NG is converted directly into high-purity CO through metal oxide oxygen carrier chemical looping reactions with CO₂ adsorption enhancement. Through the proposed method, a higher amount of CO₂ can be reduced per unit of methane, showing the capable advantage for higher CO₂ concentration NG. Based on the system configuration, key process experiments were conducted to validate the feasibility and advancement of the proposed system. Furthermore, system integration and parameter analysis were conducted to investigate the thermodynamic and environmental performance of the developed system, verifying its adaptability and conversion capability to various types of NG. The promising results show that, the novel system can convert NG with up to 63.50% CO₂ to CO with 99.10% purity. Compared to the DRM, the amount of CO₂ reduced per unit of CH₄ raises from 0.76 to 1.71, representing 1.25 times increase, with a 17.00% improvement in system energy efficiency. This research significantly improves the utilization efficiency and environmental sustainability of CO₂-rich fuels, such as CO₂-rich NG and biogas, providing a new pathway for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and high valorization utilization of CO₂.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 119617"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid process using cryogenic and pressure swing adsorption process for CO2 capture and extra H2 production from a tail gas in a steam methane reforming plant","authors":"Younghyu Ko ,&nbsp;Jun-Ho Kang ,&nbsp;Hongjoo Do ,&nbsp;Jaesung Kum ,&nbsp;Chang-Ha Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient technologies for fuel cell-grade H₂ recovery and CO₂ capture are required to meet the need for the carbon mitigation. In this study, a novel hybrid process consisting of cryogenic distillation and a two-stage pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process was developed to capture CO₂ and produce additional H₂ from the tail gas (2359 kmol/h and H₂:CO:CH₄:CO₂ = 27.2:6.7:17.7:48.4 mol%) of a vacuum pressure swing adsorption process in a commercial steam methane reforming plant. After validating mathematical models, a sensitivity analysis was conducted. Because the extract from the CO₂ removal PSA was recycled to cryogenic distillation, and the raffinate was provided to the H₂ purification PSA, it affected the performance and cost of the hybrid process. Since the high interconnectivity and complexity of the hybrid process led to a very long computational time, this study developed multiple deep neural network (DNN) models using 789 case results. DNN-based optimization for a minimum separation cost was conducted with constraints: CO₂ capture rate of &gt; 90 % and fuel cell-grade H₂ purity of ≥ 99.999 % (≤ 0.2 ppm CO). According to techno-economic analysis, the hybrid process could achieve a separation cost of 4.11 USD/kgH₂ and a CO₂ capture cost of 72.68 USD/tonCO₂. Considering extra blue H₂ production, the CO₂ capture cost was significantly reduced in the range of 50.57 to 36.02 USD/tonCO₂, depending on the H₂ production cost provided from the DOE report (1.43 to 2.27 USD/kgH₂). Because this novel hybrid process can be installed downstream without revamping an existing steam methane reforming plant, it can be regarded as a competitive option for CO₂ capture and additional H₂ recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 119561"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}