Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"A comprehensive review on direct air carbon capture (DAC) technology by adsorption: From fundamentals to applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is an increasing incentive to explore effective ways to capture CO₂ from the air to address the rising levels and the ensuing energy climate challenges. Direct air carbon capture (DAC) technology is an avenue in this endeavor, which has garnered significant interest due to its potential to achieve carbon-negative emissions and align with the imperatives of sustainable development and climate control. This article examines the latest advancements in DAC technology and its underlying principles, with a specific emphasis on the crucial function of adsorbents. In this paper, we extend the theories of conservation of energy and mass and ideal adsorption solution to the adsorption process of DAC and provide a computational framework for the analysis of this process Furthermore, it endeavors to elucidate the intricate interplay of systems and devices integral to DAC technology, offering insights into the various facets of its implementation. In closing, the article conducts an assessment and offers a brief overview of the present condition of DAC technology, highlighting its possibilities and constraints in the wider scope of carbon capture and climate mitigation endeavors. By encompassing all these aspects, this comprehensive exploration aims to offer a holistic understanding of DAC technology and its significance in the ongoing quest for mitigating CO₂ emissions. The review also lists the current application of DAC technology in practice, and compare its economic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal and performance evaluation of a solar hybrid heat pump with integrated air-source compression cycle","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The solar-assisted air-source heat pump utilizes solar energy as heat source to achieve better thermodynamic performance than the air-source heat pump for space heating or hot water production, but it is difficult for the solar-assisted air-source heat pump to absorb solar energy and air thermal energy simultaneously owing to the absence of independent evaporating pressure in dual-source evaporators, so its performance improvement is very limited in comparison with the air-source heat pump. Based on the concept of temperature level matching energy grade, a solar hybrid heat pump with integrated air-source compression cycle is proposed in this paper. In the novel system, two in-parallel compressors coupled with two three-fluid heat exchangers are applied to form dual-source parallel-compression heat pump cycle, dual-source cascade heat pump cycle and air-source cascade heat pump cycle, so as to boost the contribution of low-grade energy to heating capacity. In order to assess the thermodynamic performance of the proposed system and then preliminarily evaluate its regional applicability, an office building located in typical cities in China (Zhengzhou, Beijing, Shenyang and Wuhan) is taken as the case study for heating, and the novel system acts as their heating source. The hourly heating load is simulated by the Designers Simulation Toolkit software, and the thermodynamic model is developed to evaluate energy consumption of the proposed system and explores the optimal operation control strategy aiming at the maximum utilization of solar energy, and comparisons of the heating performance, economic and environmental benefits with the air-source single compression heat pump are also discussed. The results indicate that the novel system has a good potential for energy saving and economy as well as a small environmental impact, and there is an optimal temperature difference between the collector inlet water and the ambient air to achieve the lowest seasonal power consumption. The proposed system has the seasonal performance factor of 3.45–4.24 in typical cities, and its power consumption is 14.3%—16.6% lower than that of the air-source single compression heat pump.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microencapsulated phase change material in 3D-printable mortars","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the potential of replacing sand with microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCM) in 3D-printable mortar to provide a promising way to improve thermal performance in 3D-printed buildings. Adding MEPCM significantly enhanced the rheological properties and early hardening evolution of cementitious mortar for 3D printing applications without the need for viscosity modifier agents. In hardened mortars, microstructural analysis and thermal cycling experiments confirmed that MEPCM remained intact and stable within the cementitious environment. The thermal properties of the treated mortars, including latent heat and thermal conductivity, were improved for energy-saving applications. Despite this, the compressive strength of the mortars dropped considerably by increasing the concentration of MEPCM while a strength of above 20 MPa was maintained. Simulation results from 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) and 1D reduced order model (ROM) closely matched the experimental data from printed walls in a thermal setup, validating the use of 1D ROM simulations for long-term predictions. In a case study, a printed wall where MEPCM replaced 80 % of the sand showed a ∼40 % reduction in energy consumption compared to mortar without MEPCM under real weather conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scrutinizing effect of temperature and pressure variation of a double-pressure dual-cycle geothermal power plant turbines on the temperature profile and heat gain of the heat exchangers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In geothermal power plants with dual pressure cycle technology, the optimisation of turbine inlet parameters depending on the pressure and temperature of the geothermal fluid is a very important parameter affecting the production capacity of such plants. In combined systems, where the second stage (low pressure) is fed by the first stage (high pressure), failure to determine the appropriate operating conditions leads to the problem of not achieving optimum performance. In this context, the study aims to develop a methodology for predicting the performance of the system, based on the geothermal water temperatures entering and leaving the heat exchangers, in order to clearly see the effect of the operations carried out within the scope of optimising the turbine inlet parameters on the system behaviour. In this study, EBSILON® Professional software developed by Steag GbmH was utilised to simulate the determined correlations. The effect of the heat exchangers (preheater, evaporator and superheater) in both stage-1 and stage-2 on the temperature profiles and heat gains were determined at 10–17 bar, 126.5–165 °C for Turbine-1 and 4–8 bar, 84–135 °C for Turbine-2. Optimum turbine inlet temperature and pressure have been determined for maximum heat input and exergy efficiency. In this context, each cycle in the Energy Converter System (ECS) was first simulated by changing the turbine input parameters and then thermal analyses of the system were performed using the performance outputs obtained from the simulation software. For turbine-1, it is observed that heat transfer decreases in stage-1 with increasing pressure and temperature, while heat transfer increases in stage-2 fed from stage-1. After 12 bar and 136 °C, the heat transfer of the ECS started to increase and the maximum heat transfer amount was reached at 17 bar and 155 °C. However, it was determined that the exergy efficiency of the ECS started to decrease after 15 bar and 147.6 °C. For turbine-2, it was found that the increase in pressure and temperature decreases the ECS heat transfer but increases the exergy efficiency. As a result of numerous iterations with EBSILON® Professional software, a maximum exergy efficiency of 50.53% was achieved in turbine-1 (15 bar, 147.6 °C) and turbine-2 (8 bar, 114 °C).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement for energy-saving, emission reduction and profit improvement in iron and steel manufacturing system: Strategies for parameter regulation and technologies integration","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The steel industry, characterized by high energy consumption and carbon emission, poses a significant threat to global energy and environmental security. In response to the energy conservation and dual-carbon targets, the steel industry must urgently find sustainable pathways for transformation and development. Steel production structure optimization and the application of cutting-edge technologies have been proven to be highly effective. However, the complexity and variability of actual production conditions highlight the absence of a methodology capable of adapting to real production scenarios, elucidating influencing principles across multiple factors, analyzing synergistic mechanisms of multiple indicators, and proposing collaborative control strategies. Furthermore, the potential for technology applications that are closely integrated with the company’s resource endowment remains uncertain, leading to an unclear overall strategy for energy saving and carbon reduction. This study develops a multi-scale optimization and evaluation model for ISMP, incorporating interconnected and matching processes, as well as nested multi-indicators, in response to the context. Subsequently, the disturbance mechanisms of various factors are accurately identified and a multi-indicator synergistic control strategy and framework are proposed. Following optimization, the exergy loss, energy consumption, carbon emission intensity, cost, and pollutant emissions of ISMP per tonne of steel are reduced by 1418.70 MJ, 42.93 kgce, 154.79 kg, 171.21 CNY, and 0.0168 kg, respectively. Additionally, measures such as reducing moisture content in coking coal can effectively regulate multiple indicators. Based on the proposed sensitivity quantification method, the temperature of hot blast is identified as the most effective controllable factor. Technologies like hydrogen-rich fuel injection, integrated waste heat recovery, and solar photovoltaic &amp; energy storage have shown favorable prospects, according to analysis conducted from various angles regarding economic viability and potential for energy-saving and carbon reduction. However, the application of aforementioned technologies may be limited by financial consideration, necessitating cautious and judicious investment choices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen underground storage for grid electricity storage: An optimization study on techno-economic analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study performs a techno-economic analysis of hydrogen underground storage systems for grid electricity storage, evaluating their economic viability at the plant scale using dynamic optimization. It explores the feasibility of various system configurations and revenue models in the context of volatile electricity prices and the necessity for multiple revenue streams. The hypothesis tested is that large-scale hydrogen storage, despite its low round-trip efficiency, can be economically viable with the right mix of revenue streams. This study uses scenario-based analysis to assess the impacts of different system configurations, including engaging in time-shifting arbitrage, ancillary service markets and blending hydrogen with natural gas. Results indicate potential annual net cash flows of up to $1.5 million from ancillary services integration and $5.2 million from natural gas blending, contingent on specific system sizes. The study concludes that hydrogen underground storage for grid electricity storage can be profitable, and emphasizes that proper system design and precise electricity price forecasting are crucial for optimizing system performance and economic returns. This research sets the stage for further investigations into the scalability of hydrogen storage systems and their broader implications for grid electricity storage and energy market dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vapor compression cycle-based integrated thermal management systems for electric vehicles: A critical review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A more energy-saving and efficient integrated thermal management system is an urgent requirement in the electric vehicle industry. Most existing reviews lack a thorough classification and comparison of different electric vehicle integrated thermal management systems at configuration level. Analyzing the systems from both technical principles and practical applications can effectively guide the development of a more advanced system. From the perspective of refrigeration/heat pump system configuration, this review presents a comprehensive classification for the existing vapor compression cycle-based integrated thermal management systems based on the traditional classification method. The systems in the existing academic literature are summarized and analyzed in detail in the aspects of structural characteristic, operating mode, refrigerant type, operation/control strategy and system performance. The systems utilized in typical electric vehicle models of various automobile companies over the past two decades are also reviewed and commented. The conventional dual-evaporator systems and modified dual-evaporator systems have been discussed in depth. In addition, the challenges in this research area are critically pointed out and suggestions for future work are proposed. A useful reference for designing and optimizing the next-generation integrated thermal management system for electric vehicles is provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency limits of concentrated solar thermophotonic converters under realistic conditions: The impact of nonradiative recombination and temperature dependence","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A concentrated solar thermophotonic converter (CSTC) that efficiently harvests the entire solar spectrum under non-ideal conditions is proposed. This device includes an optical concentrator, a solar absorber, a GaAs light-emitting diode (LED) on the hot side, and an InP photovoltaic (PV) cell on the cold side. The electric power generated by the PV cell is utilized to positively bias the heated LED, resulting in a substantial increase in LED emission power. A comprehensive theoretical model is developed to accurately predict the output electrical performance and overall energy conversion efficiency of the CSTC device, especially considering the impact of the nonradiative recombination and temperature dependence. The calculated results show that when the solar concentrating factor is 30, and the LED and PV cell voltages are 0.989 V and 1.13 V, respectively, the overall peak efficiency can reach 12.8% and the corresponding output power density is 384 mW cm⁻², achieving performance metrics nearly 4 orders of magnitude higher than solar thermophotovoltaics (TPV). Additionally, increasing the solar concentration ratio and decreasing the thickness of the semiconductor materials can further improve the overall output performance. This work reveals that CSTC offers several advantages over solar TPV, including more efficient conversion of narrow-spectrum electroluminescence, higher radiated power from the LED emitter, and the ability to operate at lower solar concentrations and lower costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and optimization of flexible decoupled high-temperature gas-cooled reactor plants with thermal energy storage","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advanced nuclear power plants are well-positioned for future zero-carbon grids, however, the need for flexible power generation will be required over the traditional emphasis on baseload generation for meeting historical demands. To achieve such flexibility, this work examines viable configurations for coupling nuclear energy production with thermal energy storage. Previous designs on nuclear-thermal energy storage configurations for advanced reactor designs, which utilized reactor steam as the heat source for charging the thermal energy storage, are restricted by the heat diversion ratio and efficiency losses, thus their impacts can be limited. In this context, this study proposes configurations for fully decoupling the nuclear reactor from the power cycle and positioning the storage as an intermediate loop, thereby achieving an unconstrained heat diversion ratio and improved efficiency. Compared with a standard high-temperature gas-cooled reactor’s power cycle, steady-state thermodynamic modeling and dispatch optimizations quantify the benefits of a steam reheat cycle within the fully decoupled thermal energy system to separate the plant cycle from the high-pressure primary side. These benefits are further detailed, compatible with required high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, through (1) open-source dynamic transient models that examine the impact of off-design operation on the systems, (2) the investigation of components design and costing and finally (3) sizing and dispatch optimization. The fully-decoupled design achieves a cycle efficiency of 43.1%, an enhancement over the vendor’s standard efficiency of 42.2% (Xe-100 design). The proposed design offers strengthened physical barriers from the nuclear island as well as superior operational flexibility and power boosting. Dispatch optimization and market analysis reveal that thermal energy storage size is highly dependent on the peak patterns of electricity prices and the minimum generation level constraint imposed on the balance of plant. Evaluation of off-design operation demonstrates that the full decoupling design with the suggested fail-safe control mechanisms ensures a minimal impact on reactor parameters, even during rapid power ramping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous and multicyclic sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting with heat recovery in arid climate","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, two-thirds of the global population are grappling with water scarcity. Sorption-based water harvesting (SAWH), which does not depend on conventional water sources and provides decentralized clean water, is steadily gaining popularity. However, the contradiction between the low daily water production in arid climates and the high energy consumption of large-scale devices has become a pivotal limitation for efficient water harvesting. Here, we report a multicyclic SAWH device with heat recovery equipped with 3 sorbent beds that alternatively desorb in automatic switching mode to achieve all-day continuous water harvesting. Furthermore, based on the rapid sorption and desorption kinetics of the adsorbent in the initial stages, employing a rapid-cycling operation strategy contributes to realize an outstanding water productivity of 8.07 kg day⁻¹ and 0.21 kg kgsorbent⁻¹ day⁻¹ under practical arid conditions (15 °C/25 % RH). Besides, the apparatus equipped with heat regenerator showed a significant decrease in energy consumption from 12.17 kWh to 10.65 kWh during a desorption cycle (4 h). Moreover, a hybrid desorption mode driven by a combination of solar collector and electric heater is demonstrated in an island. This SAWH system is anticipated to provide a promising approach for large-scale efficient water harvesting in all-day arid regions (RH&lt;35 %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}