Energy Conversion and Management最新文献_第9页

Effects of methane addition on flame temperature, equilibrium products and thermodynamic properties of ammonia-air combustion 甲烷加入对火焰温度、平衡产物及氨-空气燃烧热力学性质的影响

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Energy Conversion and Management Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120617

Hasan Kayhan Kayadelen

{"title":"Effects of methane addition on flame temperature, equilibrium products and thermodynamic properties of ammonia-air combustion","authors":"Hasan Kayhan Kayadelen","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive thermodynamic and numerical equilibrium analysis of ammonia–methane–air combustion across a wide range of conditions, including equivalence ratios (<em>ϕ</em> = 0.3–2.0), pressures (1–60 atm), and unburned mixture temperatures (300–800 K). The work investigates how methane blending and equivalence ratio control influences the equilibrium combustion characteristics of ammonia—a carbon-free but kinetically limited fuel—using a validated equilibrium model benchmarked against NASA CEA and GASEQ. Results reveal that methane addition consistently increases adiabatic flame temperature and specific heat capacity, enhancing energy release and combustion intensity. However, this comes at the cost of higher thermal NO formation due to elevated post-flame temperatures. In contrast, ammonia-rich blends yield greater H<sub>2</sub>O and entropy while suppressing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and radiative heat transfer, owing to their lower flame temperatures and product molar mass. The analysis shows that product composition, thermodynamic properties, and dissociation behavior are highly sensitive to equivalence ratio, pressure, and reactant temperature. Entropy increases monotonically with equivalence ratio due to greater product diversity in fuel-rich regimes, even as internal energy and enthalpy decline. The equilibrium composition transitions smoothly from complete oxidation products (CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O) to dissociation-dominated species (CO, H<sub>2</sub>, radicals) under rich conditions. These findings establish a thermodynamic foundation for optimizing ammonia–methane blends in low-carbon combustion systems, offering critical insight into energy release, product formation, and emissions-related behavior. The results support the development of advanced fuel strategies for engines, turbines, and industrial burners targeting cleaner energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 120617"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical simulations for regenerator optimization in an experimental elastocaloric cooling prototype based on shape memory alloys 基于形状记忆合金的弹热冷却实验样机蓄热器优化数值模拟

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Energy Conversion and Management Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120616

Luca Cirillo , Sabrina Gargiulo , Lucrezia Verneau , Claudia Masselli , Felix Welsch , Paul Motzki , Adriana Greco

{"title":"Numerical simulations for regenerator optimization in an experimental elastocaloric cooling prototype based on shape memory alloys","authors":"Luca Cirillo , Sabrina Gargiulo , Lucrezia Verneau , Claudia Masselli , Felix Welsch , Paul Motzki , Adriana Greco","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The SMACOOL (acronym for Shape Memory Alloy based elastocaloric CooLing system) project aims to develop a rotary elastocaloric-based air-conditioning system utilizing shape memory alloys as solid-state refrigerants. Solid-state refrigeration based on the elastocaloric effect offers a promising alternative to vapor compression systems, but it still faces major challenges such as low energy efficiency, mechanical fatigue of materials, and complex regenerator design. Addressing these issues is crucial to enable practical implementation in real cooling applications.</div><div>In this study, a numerical investigation was carried out to optimize the regenerator design, comparing tension and compression loading modes and different geometries, namely parallel plates and spiral cross-sections. Model validation against experimental data and mesh independence analyses confirmed the reliability of the numerical approach. Finite element simulations revealed that compression mode outperforms tension, achieving cold-side temperature lifts up to 10 times higher and cooling powers up to 4 times higher under identical operating conditions. Spiral geometries showed up to 115% higher ΔT<sub>cold</sub> and up to 314% higher cooling power compared to parallel plates in Active elastocaloric Regenerative refrigeration cycle. In Heat Recovery cycle, the spiral regenerator achieved an increase up to: 123% for ΔT<sub>cold</sub>, 22% for cooling power and 55% for COP respect to parallel plates. The study also highlights that internal buckling prevention material negatively affects thermal performance. Based on these findings, a spiral compression regenerator was selected for the SMACOOL prototype, targeting enhanced energy efficiency and system durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 120616"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Near-field thermophotovoltaic heat exchanger for harvesting extremely high-density thermal energy 用于收集高密度热能的近场热光伏热交换器

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Energy Conversion and Management Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120584

Minwoo Choi, Xin Wang, Bong Jae Lee

{"title":"Near-field thermophotovoltaic heat exchanger for harvesting extremely high-density thermal energy","authors":"Minwoo Choi, Xin Wang, Bong Jae Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermophotovoltaic systems are solid-state heat engines that convert heat from various sources, such as solar radiation and combustion gases, into electricity. Through spectral control of thermal radiation, efficiencies up to 44% have been demonstrated from a single-junction thermophotovoltaic cell. Thermophotovoltaic systems benefit from harnessing near-field radiation through photon tunneling across nanogaps, enabling compact utilization of high-density thermal energy. To further enhance output from a fixed footprint, higher thermal energy density is required, necessitating extension of the power generation area beyond the heat input area. However, existing system geometries for such extension enlarge the footprint and intensify electrical resistive loss, particularly in near-field thermophotovoltaic systems. Here, a near-field thermophotovoltaic heat exchanger is proposed, which achieves efficient area extension by compactly stacking thermophotovoltaic units, enabling a power generation area tens of times larger than the footprint while minimizing electrical resistive loss. Through system optimization, the near-field thermophotovoltaic heat exchanger generates 228.5 W of electrical power from a 1 cm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> footprint with a 1600 K heat source, i.e., an order of magnitude higher output than conventional near-field thermophotovoltaic systems, with an efficiency of 36.8%. A far-field thermophotovoltaic heat exchanger designed without nanogaps also achieves threefold higher power output. The near-field thermophotovoltaic heat exchanger achieves a mass-specific power of up to 140.3 kW/kg, significantly surpassing competing systems, while being scalable by increasing the number of thermophotovoltaic units. This strategy offers a compact and scalable pathway to advance thermophotovoltaic technology and can be extended to solid-state energy converters such as thermophotonic, thermoradiative, and thermoelectric engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 120584"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a loop heat pipe for passive cooling of inverters in electric vehicles 电动汽车逆变器被动冷却回路热管的研制

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Energy Conversion and Management Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120605

Makoto Kamata , Yuta Shimada , Noriyuki Watanabe , Shinobu Aso , Kazuki Sadakata , Shigeyuki Tanabe , Hosei Nagano

{"title":"Development of a loop heat pipe for passive cooling of inverters in electric vehicles","authors":"Makoto Kamata , Yuta Shimada , Noriyuki Watanabe , Shinobu Aso , Kazuki Sadakata , Shigeyuki Tanabe , Hosei Nagano","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The traction inverter in electric vehicles generates kW-class heat, and it should be cooled not to exceed the temperature limit of the power module device. The inverter modules in the present electric vehicles are cooled by the electric water pump system, which consumes electricity, has weight, and occupies space. In this study, the application of the loop heat pipe for the cooling of the inverters in the electric vehicles is proposed to improve the fuel economy by reducing the electricity for cooling and simplifying the cooling system. The loop heat pipe is an electricity-free, high-capacity, compact, and lightweight thermal transport device. For the cooling of the SiC-based inverters in commercially available electric vehicle, the loop heat pipe for the 3000 W heat dissipation to keep the inverter temperature lower than 200 °C and 3 m transfer was designed. The fabricated loop heat pipe system demonstrated that the heat source temperature was 195 °C when 3000 W heat load was applied under horizontal orientation, and the target performance was achieved. The experiments under top heat orientation and bottom heat orientation were performed with a slope angle of ± 18 °, and the operation was confirmed. The thermal resistance between the evaporator case and condenser was calculated as 0.011 K/W and 0.005 K/W under horizontal orientation and bottom heat orientation, respectively. This paper reports the design and the result of the performance test of the loop heat pipe for the inverters in electric vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 120605"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A sustainable Off-Grid electric vehicle charging model using distributed energy resources for remote hill regions in Bangladesh 孟加拉国偏远山区使用分布式能源的可持续离网电动汽车充电模型

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Energy Conversion and Management Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120519

Md. Junayed, Anis Ahmed, Naruttam Kumar Roy, Md. Habibullah

{"title":"A sustainable Off-Grid electric vehicle charging model using distributed energy resources for remote hill regions in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Junayed, Anis Ahmed, Naruttam Kumar Roy, Md. Habibullah","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) in developing countries like Bangladesh is significantly limited due to the lack of accessible and reliable charging infrastructure, especially in remote off-grid regions. This study is motivated by the need to accelerate EV adoption through decentralized, renewable energy-based charging solutions that are independent of the national grid. The objective is to develop and assess a hybrid renewable energy-based off-grid EV charging station for the Chattogram Hill Tracts, a grid-inaccessible, tourism-driven region with challenging topography in southeastern Bangladesh. The proposed system combines solar photovoltaic, wind turbines, battery storage, and a diesel generator for backup. Location-specific meteorological resources, as well as seasonal variations in EV charging demand, are incorporated into the design. The techno-economic optimization is performed using HOMER Pro, and financial resilience is analyzed through a Monte Carlo simulation. Results show that renewable sources provide over 99 % of annual energy generation. The system proves its feasibility by achieving a low levelized cost of energy of $0.053–$0.054/kWh and a net present cost of $92,282. The Monte Carlo analysis indicates a 100 % chance of achieving a positive net present value, with a break-even point at 3.15 years from diversified revenue streams. The system also achieves an 87 % reduction in carbon dioxide emissions compared to the annual emissions of an equivalent conventional combustion vehicle. Thus, the study proposes a scalable and replicable model for sustainable EV charging in off-grid regions. A SWOT analysis further explores the strategic implications for widespread deployment in similar developing contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 120519"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon-pricing optimization framework for oilfield carbon dioxide-water alternation with economic and environmental gains 具有经济和环境效益的油田二氧化碳-水交替碳定价优化框架

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Energy Conversion and Management Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120613

Qinyang Dai , Liming Zhang , Kai Zhang , Guodong Chen , Zhangxing Chen , Xiaoming Xue , Yang Wang , Zhongzheng Wang , Chaojie Di , Fuzhen Zhao , Jijie Bai

{"title":"Carbon-pricing optimization framework for oilfield carbon dioxide-water alternation with economic and environmental gains","authors":"Qinyang Dai , Liming Zhang , Kai Zhang , Guodong Chen , Zhangxing Chen , Xiaoming Xue , Yang Wang , Zhongzheng Wang , Chaojie Di , Fuzhen Zhao , Jijie Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the carbon-neutrality vision, tightening carbon budgets and stronger carbon-pricing signals require oilfield operators to align production with verifiable gigaton-scale carbon dioxide storage. Alternating injection of carbon dioxide and water leverages existing wells and surface facilities, enabling oil-driven cash flow to support concurrent storage; however, geological heterogeneity, multiphase flow, and high-dimensional controls make achieving an investable production-storage balance difficult. This motivates the hypothesis that maximizing net present value under explicit carbon pricing yields finance-ready field strategies that deliver economic and environmental gains. Controls and alternation timing are parameterized within engineering bounds; certified storage is priced and, together with revenues and costs, aggregated into a single net present value objective; and the strategy space is optimized using a deep-learning-guided trust-region surrogate coupled with physics-driven reservoir simulation. Across representative price–cost conditions and compared with widely used advanced methods, the framework increases net present value by 6–33 %, raises return on investment by 0.19–0.54, and improves computational efficiency by 12–66 %; optimizing alternation timing further increases net stored carbon dioxide by 39 % and improves economic performance across five independent geological realizations, indicating robustness to subsurface uncertainty. The framework enables operators and investors to optimize the production-storage trade-off, while enabling policymakers to translate carbon-pricing signals into field decisions that deliver verifiable carbon dioxide storage and durable economic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 120613"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maximum temperature difference of two-stage thermoelectric cooling system 两级热电冷却系统的最大温差

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Energy Conversion and Management Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120603

Xuechun Li, Rujie Shi, Kang Zhu

{"title":"Maximum temperature difference of two-stage thermoelectric cooling system","authors":"Xuechun Li, Rujie Shi, Kang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-stage thermoelectric coolers (TECs) are widely applied in the thermal management of infrared detectors and laser modules, where achieving a large maximum temperature difference (MTD) is essential. Existing MTD formulae do not fully account for external thermal resistances and assume identical thermoelectric materials in both stages, leading to limited accuracy and applicability. To address these limitations, analytical formulae for the MTD are derived for series and independent power supply configurations, explicitly incorporating external thermal resistances. The effects of the electrical connection type, thermal resistance ratio (<em>r</em>) between the two stages and dimensionless external thermal resistance (<em>f<sub>h</sub></em>) on the MTD are further analyzed. The proposed formulae are validated against numerical calculations and experimental data in the literature, yielding errors within ± 6 % and 2.4 %, respectively. To better reflect practical conditions and further enhance the MTD, the analysis is extended to systems that employing different average <em>Z</em> values for the hotter and colder stages. Under this condition, a new formula for the MTD in the series power supply configuration is derived, revealing that when <em>f<sub>h</sub></em> is low, using commercial Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>-based materials for the hotter stage and low-temperature thermoelectric material like CsBi<sub>4</sub>Te<sub>6</sub> for the colder stage yields an MTD enhancement of up to 13 % compared to the all-Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>-based module. This work provides theoretical guidance for the rational selection of thermoelectric materials and the system-level design of a two-stage TEC under practical operating conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 120603"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cost-effective low-carbon power-to-methanol production via flexible operation of reversible solid oxide cells 通过灵活操作可逆固体氧化物电池的低成本低碳发电制甲醇

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Energy Conversion and Management Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120606

Yungeon Kim , Taehyun Kim , Jinwoo Park

{"title":"Cost-effective low-carbon power-to-methanol production via flexible operation of reversible solid oxide cells","authors":"Yungeon Kim , Taehyun Kim , Jinwoo Park","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While Power-to-Methanol is considered a key strategy for achieving decarbonization in the chemical and petrochemical industries, it faces substantial limitations, including high production costs and challenges arising from the intermittency and variability of renewable energy sources. In this study, a novel Power-to-Methanol system based on a reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) was developed to significantly reduce methanol production costs while minimizing reliance on energy storage systems. The RSOC improves system stability and economic performance by flexibly switching between electrolysis and fuel cell modes in response to fluctuations in renewable energy supply. Technical feasibility was evaluated through detailed energy and economic analyses. Under specified design conditions, the proposed system achieved an overall energy efficiency of 53.41 %. The levelized cost of methanol was estimated at $725.97/t, representing a 61.8 % reduction compared to that of a conventional Power-to-Methanol system ($1,898.12/t). Sensitivity analysis incorporating variations in electricity prices and stack costs further indicated the potential for methanol production costs to fall below current market levels. These results demonstrate that the proposed system offers high reliability and economic viability as a low-carbon solution and is expected to serve as a foundational technology for renewable energy-based methanol production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 120606"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of electrolytic hydrogen provision degree in the process integrated with biomass gasification, power-to-gas and biomethanation: A techno-economic assessment 生物质气化、电制气和生物甲烷化一体化过程中电解氢供应程度的影响：技术经济评价

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Energy Conversion and Management Pub Date : 2025-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120614

Bingyi Jiang , Zhenwen Zhang , Xinkai Su , Chengdong Ying , Xirong Huang , Cuina Qin , Mengxiang Jiang , Chunjiang Yu

{"title":"The influence of electrolytic hydrogen provision degree in the process integrated with biomass gasification, power-to-gas and biomethanation: A techno-economic assessment","authors":"Bingyi Jiang , Zhenwen Zhang , Xinkai Su , Chengdong Ying , Xirong Huang , Cuina Qin , Mengxiang Jiang , Chunjiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The syngas produced from biomass gasification is a great potential energy resource, which can well be utilized to produce biomethane via syngas biomethanation. Integrated with power-to-gas, it can be a promising technology to provide long term energy storage and increase the flexibility of electricity production. This study first established a novel model of the process integrated with biomass gasification, power-to-gas and biomethanation and considered the recovery of heat and by-products. Then, the techno-economic performance of five scenarios was assessed where different amounts of electrolytic hydrogen were provided to achieve the residual carbon conversion proportion of 0, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %, respectively. With the increase of hydrogen provision, the biomethane yield rises linearly from 219.94 Nm<sup>3</sup> t<sup>−1</sup> to 442.46 Nm<sup>3</sup> t<sup>−1</sup>, and the cold gas efficiency rises from 39.64 % to 44.94 %. The expansion of electrolysis scale also increases the total capital investment from 127.37 MCNY to 203.49 MCNY, and the operating costs from 25.62 MCNY year<sup>−1</sup> to 43.21 MCNY year<sup>−1</sup>. The purchased equipment cost proportion of the electrolysis section has finally increased to 31.95 %. However, power-to-gas reduces the biomethane minimum selling price from 12.54 CNY Nm<sup>−3</sup> to 10.35 CNY Nm<sup>−3</sup>. That means the costs of implementing electrolysis are compensated by the higher biomethane productivity obtained when the power-to-gas electricity price is below 0.39 CNY kWh<sup>−1</sup>. According to the sensitivity analysis, the market competitiveness of biomethane can be further enhanced by reducing costs of investment and raw materials, as well as receiving policy subsidies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 120614"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical study of thermophysical properties of carnauba wax nanocomposites with two-dimensional nanoparticles for sustainable thermal energy storage 基于二维纳米颗粒的巴西棕榈蜡纳米复合材料热物理性能的实验与数值研究

IF 10.9 1区工程技术

Energy Conversion and Management Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120594

Abdullah Aziz , Shoaib Anwer , Eiyad Abu-Nada , Anas Alazzam

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study of thermophysical properties of carnauba wax nanocomposites with two-dimensional nanoparticles for sustainable thermal energy storage","authors":"Abdullah Aziz , Shoaib Anwer , Eiyad Abu-Nada , Anas Alazzam","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for sustainable energy storage has intensified the development of phase change materials with improved thermal performance and environmental compatibility. Petroleum-based phase change materials, such as paraffin wax, provide high efficiency but are non-biodegradable, necessitating bio-based alternatives such as carnauba wax. This study introduced nanoparticle-enhanced phase change materials by dispersing two-dimensional nanoparticles like reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, and Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene into carnauba and paraffin wax matrices to improve thermal and rheological behavior. Nanoparticle-enhanced phase change materials were synthesized with nanoparticle loadings of 0.1–0.5 wt% and characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, viscosity measurements, and thermal conductivity analysis, while predictive models were developed using machine learning and validated through computational fluid dynamics simulations. Thermal conductivity enhancements reached 20.4% in carnauba-based composites and 19.6% in paraffin-based composites, while latent heat reductions were limited to 13.3% and 9.3%, respectively. Machine learning models reproduced experimental results with 96.7% accuracy, and numerical simulations confirmed convective heat transfer improvements of up to 19.98%. These findings establish carnauba-based nanoparticle-enhanced phase change materials as sustainable alternatives to paraffin-based systems, combining biodegradability with competitive thermophysical performance for next-generation energy and cooling applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 120594"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0