Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"An advanced closed-loop geothermal system to substantially enhance heat production","authors":"Sai Liu,&nbsp;Arash Dahi Taleghani,&nbsp;Kun Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat production through conventional closed-loop geothermal systems is constrained by the limited contact area for heat exchange between rock formations and the wellbore. To address this challenge, an advanced closed-loop geothermal system (ACGS) is proposed to enhance heat production in this research. The ACGS incorporates a hydraulic fracture, partitioned by a horizontal insulator for vertical zonal isolation of fluid flow in the fracture, into the closed-loop system’s fluid circulation. To assess heat production from the ACGS, a three-dimensional ACGS numerical model is established and validated, utilized to simulate heat production through the ACGS under conditions of different fracture dimensions and structures, tubing materials, and fluid heat capacities. Performances of complicated fracture structures, including a branched fracture and a multiple-wing fracture, in improving heat production are evaluated. It is found that due to the incorporation of a double-wing fracture, the cumulative extracted heat of a closed-loop system over 20 years is enhanced by 162.94 %. Increasing fracture half-length and fracture height both enhances the heat production of the ACGS considerably. Polyurethane foam proves an excellent tubing material for the ACGS due to its low cost and outstanding adiabatic functionality. Compared with a multiple-wing fracture, a branched fracture results in better heat production through the ACGS, with more fracture branches leading to higher heat production. A branched fracture can improve the cumulative extracted heat from a closed-loop system over 20 years by 321.77 %, and increasing the inter-branch angle further enhances heat production. Working fluid with smaller heat capacity yields considerably higher outlet temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119168"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic web-based GIS tool for pre-feasibility evaluation of renewable energy projects","authors":"E. Sainz-Ortiz ,&nbsp;F.M. Somohano-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;P. Pascual-Muñoz ,&nbsp;A. Arroyo ,&nbsp;M. Manana","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high energy consumption and the large amount of emissions associated with roads life cycle makes it necessary for the administrations involved to invest in the implementation of renewable energy technologies on adjacent lands so that the net balance between <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>CO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emitted and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>CO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> saved is zero, thus helping to decarbonize the transport networks. To facilitate the first step in the long process leading up to the construction of wind and solar farms, a user-friendly tool is here presented that allows an early-stage evaluation of renewable energy projects. The ENROAD web-based GIS tool, through a functional, modern, intuitive, and ergonomic graphical user interface aimed at non-specialized users, optimizes the use of photovoltaic and wind technologies based on shading and wake losses, respectively, taking into account the solar radiation and wind conditions of the location and the geometry of the area selected by the user. In addition, the tool provides a thorough financial analysis, incorporating the effects of user-defined long-term interest rates, inflation rates, loan costs and efficiency losses on the Levelized Cost of Energy as well as traditional financial metrics, enabling users to conduct insightful if-then simulations. While this tool cannot have the precision of the in-depth study needed for the design of complex renewable energy facilities, it can facilitate the decision making by the administrations. Finally, a case study and a validation section have been included to demonstrate the technical and financial evaluation provided by ENROAD and ensure that the results provided are reasonable and accurate enough.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119162"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design for sustainability: An integrated pumped hydro reverse osmosis system to supply water and energy for mining operations","authors":"Oscar A. Marín ,&nbsp;Andrzej Kraslawski ,&nbsp;Luis A. Cisternas","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mining industry is water and energy-intensive and has significant environmental impacts due to its reliance on fossil fuels. Integrating pumped hydro energy storage with a reverse osmosis plant powered by renewables could improve its sustainability. The present study assesses the feasibility of implementing a system to supply fresh water and clean energy to the mining industry of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile, using design equations, cost models, and global sensitivity analysis. The novelty of the study consists in developing a model that considers the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of putting this integrated system for mining operations in place. The results show that the levelized costs of this system to supply water and energy reach 3.20 US$·m⁻³ and 87.04 US$·MWh⁻¹, respectively. Operating separately, the costs are 4.73 US$·m⁻³ for water and 48.96 US$·MWh⁻¹ for energy. When powered by renewable energy instead of the national grid, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced from 660.58 to 143.16 ktCO₂eq·y^-1, making it a competitive and environmentally friendly option. Global sensitivity analysis identified prices of electricity and steel, and the reverse osmosis plant capital cost as the variables exerting the strongest impact on the levelized cost of water supply. Meanwhile, for the levelized cost of energy supply, the variables exerting the strongest impact are the photovoltaic farm capital and operational cost, and the pump as a turbine device capital cost. Therefore, to achieve a substantial reduction in the levelized costs, efforts should focus on these variables.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119159"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and performance analysis of a coupled burner for the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell system","authors":"Baogang Yang ,&nbsp;Xianying Hao ,&nbsp;Xuesong Shen ,&nbsp;Wangying Shi ,&nbsp;Yitong Xie ,&nbsp;Liang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system is characterized by high energy conversion efficiency and low emissions. The energy supply and recovery of the SOFC system are facilitated through the ignition burner and the off-gas burner, respectively. This study proposes a coupled design of the ignition burner and the off-gas burner to reduce the burner volume, thereby enhancing the power density of the SOFC system. The ignition burner employs radially opposed jet combustion with fully premixed natural gas, while the off-gas burner uses swirl diffusion combustion with the anode off gas. When the premixed gas and lean anode off gas are unable to sustain the flame, catalytic combustion is initiated. Simulation and experiment methods are utilized to analyze the performance of the coupled burner in this paper. The results indicate that uniform mixing is achieved with a high swirl number (<em>s</em>₁ = 2.6) for the premixed gas, and the maximum excess air coefficient for stable flame combustion at 400 °C is 2.47. As the temperature of the cathode off gas increases, the flameout boundary for the premixed gas gradually increases; conversely, with increasing burner power, the flameout boundary gradually decreases. The intersection cooling effect of mixed air and circumferential high-temperature flue gas is effective, and the flame does not exceed the tolerance temperature of the catalytic carrier. The diffusion combustion of anode off gas with a swirl number (<em>s</em>₂ = 0.5) exhibits great gas mixing uniformity without a high-temperature core region. When transitioning from flame to catalytic combustion with premixed natural gas and anode off gas, there is a temperature lag of approximately 60 s. The isotropic cylindrical cordierite catalytic carrier with a 400 mesh and a coating of 60 g/ft³ Pt_0.1Pd_0.5 achieves stable catalytic combustion in an environment with preheated air temperatures ranging from 400 to 600 °C and H₂ concentrations of 0.25–2.91 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119181"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 thermal network prototype: Identifying control parameters for optimal operation in transcritical mode","authors":"Arash Bastani,&nbsp;Sepehr Gholamrezaie","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An innovative concept has been developed and patented recently called CO2 Thermal Network (CO2TN) to improve the performance of heating and cooling systems in buildings. It is a decentralized system circulating two-phase CO₂ at 20 ± 5 °C inside a building, instead of water, as a heat carrier fluid (HCF) in a single pipe. Heat pumps connected to this pipe provide heating and cooling inside a building using CO₂ at their source side. Thus, the heat pumps operate with enhanced and consistent performance. The pipe also facilitates heat recovery between the connected units. Additionally, leveraging the latent heat of two-phase CO₂, the CO2TN operates with a reduced mass flow rate in the loop, requiring a lower circulation energy consumption than conventional hydronic systems.</div><div>This study introduces the concept and the first prototype of a CO2TN system. Then, the paper experimentally investigates the influential parameters that control the system’s operation and optimize its performance in transcritical mode. The results showcase that a CO2TN’s performance depends on its gas cooler (GC) temperature and pressure, the number of working heat pumps, and their mode of operation. An optimal GC outlet temperature exists for each GC pressure, which can improve system performance by up to 30%. Moreover, the GC pressure depends on the temperature range of the thermal energy sources used to balance the CO2TN. Additionally, the system shows significant performance improvement—up to 63%—when multiple heat pumps operate simultaneously in different modes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119170"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid solar-biomass hydrogen production system using chemical looping with negative carbon emissions and comprehensive performance evaluation","authors":"Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Taixiu Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Fang ,&nbsp;Junnan Zhan ,&nbsp;Zepeng Han ,&nbsp;Peijing Li ,&nbsp;Qibin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to reduce fossil energy consumption and rationalize the use of intermittent renewable energy, a solar-biomass hydrogen production and decarbonization system is proposed, which combines photovoltaic proton exchange membrane (PV-PEM) electrolysis of water with biomass chemical looping hydrogen generation processes. Oxygen from electrolysis is used for biomass gasification, facilitating carbon capture in the back-end process. The enriched CO₂ is used for oil recovery in local oilfields, enabling on-site carbon capture. The chemical looping process allows for pure hydrogen production, carbon capture and hydrogen storage using oxygen carriers (OC). H₂ products are used for local petroleum refining. The thermodynamic performance of the key processes in the system was numerically analyzed, and the effects of key parameters on the performance of the main subsystems were investigated. The evaluation results show that the overall energy efficiency of the system, the hydrogen production efficiency, the overall exergy efficiency and the levelized cost of the hydrogen production are 81.51%, 64.03%, 64.65%, and 2.47$/kg, respectively. This study provides a new approach for the stable and low-cost utilization of renewable energy in regions with abundant energy resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119161"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering a Galinstan-based ferromagnetic fluid for heat management","authors":"J.P. Maganinho ,&nbsp;R.M.C. Pinto ,&nbsp;V. Andrade ,&nbsp;B.G.F. Eggert ,&nbsp;C. Frommen ,&nbsp;J.P. Araújo ,&nbsp;J.O. Ventura ,&nbsp;J. Oliveira ,&nbsp;A.L. Pires ,&nbsp;J.H. Belo","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of increasingly smaller electronic devices brings on heat dissipation challenges, which can severely hinder their performance. Consequently, there is a critical need to maintain the working temperature of these devices at optimal values. At room temperature, the versatile design and adaptability of fluidic thermal switches makes them an auspicious solution. In this work, the large heat conductivity and magnetic material compatibility of Galinstan motivated the production of a novel ferromagnetic fluid. Through mechanical alloying within an inert atmosphere, we embedded Ni microparticles in a Galinstan matrix, which provided a liquid metal with a ferromagnetic behavior. This fluid is suitable for a wide range of applications in thermal management. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that a Galinstan-based mixture containing 2<em>.</em>6 wt% of Ni can serve as heat exchange medium in a magnetically activated fluidic thermal switch device. This mixture establishes an optimal thermal bridge between heat source and sink, enabling heat dissipation from the source. This effect intensifies with the device operating frequency, reaching a maximum temperature span of 19<em>.</em>8 % and a maximum switching ratio of 1.26<em>.</em> These results demonstrate the potential of the developed fluid to be integrated into fluidic technologies for temperature control of electronic components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119130"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process engineering analysis of LED-driven microalgal growth and lipid lodgement dynamics through kinetic modelling and illumination energetic approach","authors":"Neellohit Sarkar,&nbsp;Suman Dhar,&nbsp;Ramkrishna Sen","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photosynthetic world of microalgae has been briefly explored for possible solution(s) in nexus of energy, environmental and healthcare challenges by zeroing in on biomass build-up and lipid lodgement as responses of the conducted study. Illumination engineering was employed to measure impacts of variations in terms of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and photoperiod of low kelvin colour temperature (KCT) white, blue, and red light emitting diodes (LEDs) on <em>Chlorella vulgaris.</em> Cultivation was tracked through responses in terms of dry cell weight (DCW) for biomass build-up, and as %DCW for lipid lodgement. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with interaction (type III) and effect size (η²) metric helped in understanding their statistical and practical significance respectively. The best biomass build-up (1.41 ± 0.03 g/L) was observed at 100 PPFD and 24:0h photoperiod under red spectrum and highest lipid lodgement (34.36 ± 1.45 %DCW) was obtained at 150 PPFD and 8:16 h photoperiod under blue spectrum. To bridge the lacuna in growth kinetics literature, a novel reparameterization of Von Bertalanffy model was presented. Kinetic parameters for the best possible responses under each LED setting were fitted into the model with trust region reflective (TRF) algorithm. Akaike information criteria corrected (AICc) revealed the proposed “Modified Von Bertalanffy model” to be the best out of five models (Modified Von Bertalanffy, Modified Logistic, Modified Gompertz, Modified Richards and Modified Baranyi). The duration of exponential phase was determined from the rate of change of maximum specific growth rate (<span><math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></math></span>). The <span><math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></math></span> values and the duration of exponential phase were correlated with the responses, hinting at future directions in understanding the kinetic studies of growth induced (during exponential phase) and stress induced (post exponential phase) cultivation. Based on the lux requirements for best possible response, the projected energy savings of various models were compared using company data sheets from Broadcom, Seoul Semiconductor, and Cree.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119127"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct air capture integration with low-carbon heat: Process engineering and power system analysis","authors":"Aniruddh Mohan ,&nbsp;Fangwei Cheng ,&nbsp;Hongxi Luo ,&nbsp;Chris Greig ,&nbsp;Eric Larson ,&nbsp;Jesse D. Jenkins","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is energy intensive given the low concentration (<span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span>0.1%) of CO₂ in ambient air, but offers relatively strong verification of removals and limited land constraints to scale. Lower temperature solid sorbent based DAC could be coupled on-site with low carbon thermal generators such as nuclear power plants. Here, we undertake a unique interdisciplinary study combining process engineering with a detailed macro-energy system optimization model to evaluate the system-level impacts of such plant designs in the Texas electricity system. We contrast this with using grid power to operate a heat pump to regenerate the sorbent. Our analysis identifies net carbon removal costs accounting for power system impacts and resulting indirect CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions from DAC energy consumption. We find that inefficient configurations of DAC at a nuclear power plant can lead to increases in power sector emissions relative to a case without DAC, at a scale that would cancel out almost 50% of the carbon removal from DAC. Net removal costs for the most efficient configurations increase by roughly 18% once indirect power system-level impacts are considered, though this is comparable to the indirect systems-level emissions from operating grid-powered heat pumps for sorbent regeneration. Our study therefore highlights the need for DAC energy procurement to be guided by consideration of indirect emission impacts on the electricity system. Finally, DAC could potentially create demand pull for zero carbon firm generation, accelerating decarbonization relative to a world without such DAC deployment. We find that DAC operators would have to be willing to pay existing or new nuclear power plants roughly $30–80/tCO₂ or $150–400/tCO₂ respectively, for input energy, to enable nuclear plants to be economically competitive in least cost electricity markets that do not have carbon constraints or subsidies for nuclear energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119136"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewable-driven hybrid refrigeration system for enhancing food preservation: Digital twin design and performance assessment","authors":"Ehsan Baniasadi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Rezk ,&nbsp;Yetenayet Bekele Tola ,&nbsp;Abed Alaswad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran ,&nbsp;Paul Humphries","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a new method for sustainable cooling systems using a hybrid refrigeration system powered by hybrid renewable energy sources. The system comprises a modular unit of vertical wind turbines integrated with bio-photovoltaic films to provide sustainable energy. The hybrid refrigeration system combines evaporative and solar thermal-driven adsorption cooling systems. In addition, a finite volume of soil is proposed for thermal energy storage. Experimental data inform the development of a digital twin for an integrated system, soil thermophysical characteristics, wind turbine performance, and technical specifications for other system components. This sustainable cooling package is cost-effective and space-efficient, particularly in remote or off-grid locations. Notably, the evaporative cooler and chilled water coil contribute to a cooling effect of 20.4 kW, and solar power generation reaches 12.38 kW at an intensity of 1053 W/m². The annual electrical output averages 1.7 kW at a wind speed of 3.5 m/s. Under best conditions, wind power can surge to 7.99 kW at 9.88 m/s. The ratio of power generated by wind to solar energy ranges from 1.1 to 1.3. The system effectively meets a peak thermal energy demand of approximately 74 GJ/month, facilitated by solar collectors, underground thermal storage, and a renewable energy-fed auxiliary heater. This study paves the way for future techno-economic optimisation and advancements in sustainable energy solutions for remote cold storage facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 119165"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}