Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"Integration of β-Ga2O3 Schottky Barrier Diodes on thermoelectric modules for heat recovery and active cooling","authors":"Longbing Yi ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Zheng ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Wen Hong ,&nbsp;Fang Zhang ,&nbsp;Vazgen Melikyan ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Ma ,&nbsp;Yue Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The importance of energy conversion and thermal management in power devices has driven researches toward high conversion efficiency and effective heat dissipation. This work integrates beta-phase gallium oxide (<em>β</em>-Ga₂O₃) Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs) on a thermoelectric module (TEM), enabling the bidirectional operation modes of heat recovery and active cooling utilizing theoretical and experimental methods. Results show that enhancing the heat exchange coefficient can significantly improve the performance of the TEM. For thermoelectric generator (TEG), the maximum net output power and net conversion efficiency increased by 0.82 W and 3.2 %, respectively, corresponding to considerable improvements of approximately 6.7 and 2.6 times compared with the natural convection condition. For thermoelectric cooler (TEC), the coefficient of performance (COP) increased from 2.88 to 3.52 by accounting for the improved output power of the SBD, indicating a 22.2 % improvement. Theoretical analysis reveals that the height of thermoelectric (TE) legs leads to peaks in output power for the TEG and cooling capacity for the TEC, while the conversion efficiency of the TEG shows an inverse trend relative to the COP of the TEC. Additionally, increasing the height of the fins and the heat exchange coefficient further enhances the performance of the TEM by enlarging temperature gradient. This work presents a new technique for improving energy efficiency and thermal performance of <em>β</em>-Ga₂O₃ SBDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 120366"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic comparison of Power-to-Gas systems using solid oxide and anion exchange membrane carbon dioxide/water electrolysers","authors":"Orlando Palone ,&nbsp;Carlotta Cosentini ,&nbsp;Michela Conti ,&nbsp;Gabriele Gagliardi ,&nbsp;Luca Cedola ,&nbsp;Domenico Borello","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dioxide (CO₂) electro-reduction is an alternative pathway to synthesize low-carbon fuels and chemicals from renewable electricity. However, comprehensive techno-economic evaluations on this technology are still relatively few in the scientific literature. In this work, novel Power-to-Gas systems have been structured into three main subsequent process steps: (1) CO₂ separation by absorption with aqueous monoethanolamine from a waste incinerator flue gases; (2) co-electrolysis of CO₂ and steam (H₂O) to produce a syngas; (3) catalytic methanation to generate substitute natural gas (SNG) with a methane (CH₄) purity exceeding 92 %. Two different electrolysis configurations have been analysed, involving: (1) two anion exchange membrane electrolysers in parallel performing CO₂ and H₂O electrolysis (1.8 and 7.5 MW_el, respectively); a solid oxide electrolyser splitting CO₂/H₂O coupled with one anion exchange membrane H₂O electrolyser (3.6 and 7.4 MW_el, respectively) for additional hydrogen (H₂) production. Because of the CO₂ crossover of the anion exchange membrane electrolyser to the anode side and its lower energy efficiency (34 %) with respect to the SOEC, the combination of Solid Oxide and Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolysers achieves higher natural gas production rate (296 vs 455 kg_SNG/h), higher global energy efficiency of SNG production (37 % vs 47 %), and lower specific energy consumption per captured CO₂ (39 MJ/kg_CO2 vs 50 MJ/kg_CO2). Additionally, the high-temperature configuration provides a levelized cost of substitute natural gas of around 304 €/MWh with respect to 376 €/MWh of the low-temperature scenario assuming 80 % capacity factor and electricity cost of around 52 €/MWh. To achieve economic competitiveness with natural gas and biomethane, both systems will benefit from efficiency optimization, cost reductions by technological learning rate and scaling-up to hundreds of MW_el, as well as incentives on renewable fuels production. The proposed configurations are easily adaptable to the production of other key chemical products, such as methanol and Fischer–Tropsch products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 120370"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal thermal management of High-Concentrator photovoltaic systems using heat sinks with various cavity configurations","authors":"M. Khoshvaght-Aliabadi ,&nbsp;Z. Chamanroy ,&nbsp;A. Feizabadi ,&nbsp;Y.T. Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To maintain cell temperatures within safe limits in high-concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) systems, an efficient and cost-effective cooling strategy is essential. Such a strategy not only enhances system performance but also prevents thermal damage and extends the lifespan of the PV cells. In this study, novel water-cooled heat sinks with various cavity geometries are designed and evaluated. The investigation focuses on a cell module consisting of a 5 × 5 array of triple-junction cells exposed to a concentration ratio of 1000, with coolant mass flux ranging from 100 to 1100  kg/m²·s. The results demonstrate that cavity-enhanced designs significantly reduce the average cell temperature. Rectangular cavities lower the temperature by up to 8.7  K at the lowest mass flux, while triangular cavities with a sharp downstream tip (the selected configuration) achieve temperature reductions of up to 18.5  K at the highest mass flux, compared to the baseline. While the reference model requires a mass flux of 800  kg/m²·s to maintain all cells within the acceptable temperature range, the selected model achieves this target with only 300  kg/m²·s. To ensure temperature uniformity (Δ<em>T</em> &lt; 5 K), a mass flux exceeding 500  kg/m²·s is required. Under these conditions, thermal stress decreases from 68.62 to 40.47  MPa as mass flux increases. The selected model also achieves the highest cell efficiency, electrical output, and net power generation, with an approximate 2.28 % increase in efficiency and a 1.34 % reduction in thermal power. At a mass flux of 1100  kg/m²·s, the model reaches a performance index of 1.28, indicating superior thermal and electrical performance compared to the other configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 120208"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical and economic analysis of hydrogen production from pre combustion carbon capture by Rectisol process in combined cycle power plant","authors":"Mohsen Tarhani,&nbsp;Hossein Yousefi,&nbsp;Rahim Zahedi","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The power generation industry’s reliance on combined cycle processes necessitates improvements given their substantial pollution levels. Synthesis gas is produced from natural gas in this study via a newly developed process encompassing purification, pre-reforming, reforming, and autothermal reactor stages. A combined cycle power plant burns the synthesis gas (after carbon dioxide removal via the Rectisol process) with ample air, resulting in low-pollution power generation. The combined cycle unit generates a total of 55.5 MW of electricity through three turbines: gas turbine (GT), high pressure (HP), and low pressure (LP). After conducting energy, exergy, and economic analyses, it was established that purification columns contribute to over 65 % of exergy destruction. Additionally, the air separation unit (ASU) unit achieves the highest energy efficiency, standing at an impressive 91 %, whereas the power generation unit falls behind with a meager 35.2 % efficiency rating. With a value of 62 %, the reforming unit has the highest exergy efficiency compared to the power generation unit, which has the lowest value of exergy efficiency at 33.4 %. Economic analysis revealed that the payback period (PBP) for the process is 3.2 years, and the net present value (NPV) of the entire project amounts to $160.90 million. Overall, the current process demonstrates good performance when applied to combined cycle power plants operating with methane.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 120290"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical energy management strategy for dual fuel cell systems in heavy-duty trucks based on multi-objective optimization","authors":"Zhou Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Wu ,&nbsp;Jianwei Mao ,&nbsp;Lei Gao ,&nbsp;Jibin Yang ,&nbsp;Pengyi Deng ,&nbsp;Pengfei Ma ,&nbsp;Xuandong Guo ,&nbsp;Zhanfeng Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple fuel cell systems integrated with a battery system have become a leading powertrain configuration for long-haul heavy-duty trucks. However, the inherent complexity of the multi-source architecture poses substantial challenges for effective energy management. Current energy management strategies for such hybrid systems often rely on single-objective optimization, which limits their ability to effectively balance fuel efficiency and system durability, particularly under dynamic operating conditions. This study presents a dual-layer energy management strategy aimed at optimizing power distribution between multiple fuel cell systems and a battery system, thereby achieving improved trade-offs between fuel economy and system lifespan. The proposed strategy comprises two layers: the lower layer performs optimal power allocation between the two parallel fuel cell subsystems, while the upper layer employs Q-learning to regulate power distribution between the aggregated fuel cell system output and the battery system. Compared to two widely adopted dual-layer strategies that primarily target fuel economy, the proposed approach achieves a reduction in system degradation by 41.57% and 24.64%, respectively, while incurring only marginal increases in fuel consumption, 2.96% and 0.06%. Hardware-in-the-loop simulations further confirm the real-time performance of the proposed strategy across varying driving cycles. By successfully balancing fuel efficiency and system durability, the dual-layer energy management strategy presents a promising solution for energy management in fuel cell-powered heavy-duty trucks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 120308"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal control strategy for the operation of a PEMFC system under low-pressure conditions","authors":"Dominik Murschenhofer,&nbsp;Jonas Settele,&nbsp;Cornelie Bänsch","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of low ambient pressure on a PEMFC system is investigated by operating the entire non-pressurized fuel cell system inside a low-pressure chamber. Polarization curve measurements are conducted at various pressure levels between 980 and 491 hPa by using the manufacturer’s default parameters for stack temperature and cathode stoichiometry control. Significant net power losses of up to 59 % at 491 hPa are observed with respect to 980 hPa, which result from increasing stack drying and growing parasitic power losses with decreasing pressure. The latter is due to the decreasing fluid density combined with a constant mass flow requirement. Using statistical design of experiment methods, a comprehensive parameter study is performed to derive model equations for the response of the cell voltage, the net power and the relative humidity at low-pressure operation. The model predictions are in very good agreement with validation measurements. Model evaluation yields the pressure and current density-dependent optimal parameters for stack temperature and cathode stoichiometry control in terms of the net power output. Applying the optimal control parameters to the experiment leads to significantly higher cell efficiency and net power compared to the use of the default parameters. At 497 hPa, a net power increase of 29 % is observed experimentally. The model analysis shows that, in good approximation, the optimal relative humidity is independent of the pressure and decreases linearly with rising current density. Moreover, the optimal stack temperature is, in a first approximation, independent of the current density and decreases linearly with decreasing pressure. Based on these two linear relations, a simplified optimal operation strategy is proposed to obtain high net power output at low ambient pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 120251"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multistage solar-driven device for efficient atmospheric water harvesting via latent heat recovery","authors":"Wenjun Ying ,&nbsp;Bowen Lin ,&nbsp;Chunfeng Li ,&nbsp;Shiqiang Su ,&nbsp;Hua Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiayun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) offers a promising off-grid solution to global freshwater scarcity. However, the practical water productivity (L m⁻² day⁻¹) of single-stage SAWH devices is often limited by substantial latent heat losses due to the lack of device thermal design. Herein, we introduce a multistage device that leverages adsorbents to recuperate the latent heat of condensation and improve system efficiency through an innovative layered interface. Two lithium chloride-based composite adsorbents with desorption temperatures of 70 °C and 52 °C, respectively, were strategically prepared to achieve graded desorption. Based on the performances of adsorbents, we developed a coupled heat and mass transfer model, which guided the dimensional and structural configuration of the device and insulation grid design to maximize water productivity. The system achieved 1.79 L m⁻² day⁻¹ water collection in controlled indoor conditions and 1.23 L m⁻² day⁻¹ in outdoor environments, relying solely on passive natural air cooling and solar irradiation. This scalable and energy-efficient design demonstrates significant potential for next-generation off-grid water harvesting technologies, addressing individual freshwater demands in resource-limited settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 120371"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green hydrogen production in photoelectrochemical artificial-leaf systems with different tandem solar cells: An environmental and economic assessment of industrial-scale production in China","authors":"Xiaoyu Huang,&nbsp;Harish K. Jeswani,&nbsp;Adisa Azapagic","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different photoelectrochemical (PEC) artificial-leaf systems have been proposed for green hydrogen production. However, their sustainability is not well understood in comparison to conventional hydrogen technologies. To fill this gap, this study estimates cradle-to-grave life cycle environmental impacts and costs of PEC hydrogen production in different provinces in China using diverse tandem solar cells: Ge/GaAs/GaInP (Ge-PEC), GaAs/GaInAs/GaInP (GaAs-PEC) and perovskite/silicon (P-PEC). These systems are benchmarked against conventional hydrogen production technologies −coal gasification (CG) and steam methane reforming (SMR) − across 18 environmental categories, life cycle costs and levelised cost of hydrogen (LCOH). P-PEC emerges as the best options, with 36–95 % lower impacts than Ge-PEC and GaAs-PEC across the categories, including the climate change impact (0.38–0.52 t CO₂ eq./t H₂) which is 77–79 % lower. Economically, P-PEC shows 81–84 % lower LCOH (2.51–3.81 k$/t). Compared to SMR and CG, P-PEC reduces the impacts by 23–98 %, saving 3.67–38.5 Mt of CO₂ eq./yr. While its LCOH is 5 % higher than that of conventional hydrogen, it could be economically competitive with both SMR and CG at 10 % higher solar-to-hydrogen efficiency and 25 % lower operating costs. In contrast, Ge-PEC and GaAs-PEC, while achieving much lower (81–91 %) climate change and some other impacts than the conventional technologies, face significant economic challenges. Their LCOH (21.51–32.82 k$/t for Ge-PEC and 16.96–25.89 k$/t for GaAs-PEC) is 7–9 times higher than that of the conventional hydrogen due to the high solar cell costs. Therefore, despite their environmental benefits, these technologies require substantial cost reductions to become economically viable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 120274"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-gasification polygeneration system based on multi-criteria evaluation and machine learning optimization for the synergistic valorization of biomass and plastic waste","authors":"Shuming Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaochen Wang ,&nbsp;Zhe Cui ,&nbsp;Kaiyu Li ,&nbsp;Wende Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the dual challenges of sustainable waste valorization and carbon-efficient energy transition, this study proposes an integrated polygeneration system based on chemical looping co-gasification of biomass and waste plastics. The system synergistically utilizes the complementary properties of the two feedstocks and improves the quality of the produced syngas. Furthermore, the system architecture integrates thermoelectric conversion, multi-stage chemical synthesis (methanol, dimethyl ether, and dimethyl carbonate), and carbon dioxide electrolysis to establish a closed-loop carbon cascade utilization pathway. Firstly, sensitivity analysis, energy analysis, exergy analysis, and economic analysis are conducted to evaluate the system performance. The results indicate that the energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and product sales revenue reached 77.64 %, 58.50 %, and 17,943.46 k$, respectively. Subsequently, the system performance is predicted and optimized through a Random forest model coupled with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II. By adjusting the key process parameters, including increasing the proportion of plastic waste in the feedstock, elevating the gasification temperature, etc., the system achieves improvements of 3.07 % in energy efficiency, 2.82 % in exergy efficiency, and an increase of 143.94 k$ in product sales revenue. This study provides technical support for synergistic waste resource utilization and clean energy production, contributing to carbon neutrality and circular economy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 120334"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-energy synergy and deep carbon emission reduction mechanism for steel enterprises based on deep learning and dynamic computable general equilibrium model","authors":"Jianli Zhou ,&nbsp;Zihan Xu ,&nbsp;Juan He ,&nbsp;Wanfei Dong ,&nbsp;Ruige Zhao ,&nbsp;Jialei Yan ,&nbsp;Zhiming Zhong ,&nbsp;Yunna Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of the Sustainable Development Goals, the steel industry is facing significant pressure to reduce emissions. However, the inherent conflict between traditional energy structures and the variability of renewable energy sources limits its potential for low-carbon transformation. The construction of a multi-energy coupled Renewable Integrated Energy System, through the synergistic optimization of multi-energy, has become an inevitable choice for the steel industry to achieve deep decarbonization and efficient energy utilization. This study develops a multi-energy coupled RIES, leveraging electricity-thermal-gas-hydrogen synergy to enhance energy efficiency and decarbonization. RIES integrates wind/solar generation, hydrogen electrolysis, waste heat recovery, and Carbon Capture and Storage. It employs deep learning combined with Ivy optimization algorithms to forecast wind/solar output and energy load demands. The Frank Copula-K-means clustering model is employed to characterize source-load uncertainties. Meanwhile, the optimal carbon tax price is determined via a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium model integrated with a hybrid model, and Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to validate the stability of the results. A mixed-integer linear programming framework incorporating tiered carbon trading and wind/solar curtailment penalties minimizes total costs and carbon emissions. Analysis of a Shandong steel enterprise under nine scenarios demonstrates that RIES achieves net-negative emissions with a 19.5% total cost reduction, 86.61% wind and 68.15% solar utilization improvements, and a 97% reduction in external energy dependency. This work advances low-carbon transitions in energy-intensive industries by unifying multi-energy synergies, adaptive uncertainty modeling, and policy-technical co-optimization, offering actionable pathways for achieving Sustainable Development Goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"344 ","pages":"Article 120336"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}