Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"Investigation on thermal management of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries based on interwound cooling belt structure","authors":"Wenjie Qi ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Yang ,&nbsp;Zhigang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jieyang Wu ,&nbsp;Peng Lan ,&nbsp;Shuangling Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Battery thermal management is a major challenge for battery electric vehicles, with thermal runaway incidents sparking public safety concerns. Aiming to tackle the issues of excessive module temperature and inadequate thermal balance of vehicle power batteries under high discharge rates, a novel interwound cooling belt structure for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries based on the temperature distribution characteristics of battery modules is proposed. A comparative analysis of thermal–hydraulic performance across four cooling structures demonstrates that the proposed design exhibits superior efficacy in battery thermal management applications. The effect of cooling belt geometry on thermal management performance under fixed mass flow rates is systematically investigated. Thermal-hydraulic analysis demonstrates that a bifurcated cooling belt design with 24 mm (main) and 16 mm (branch) heights maximizes heat dissipation efficiency. Orthogonal test design is adopted to evaluate the influence of cooling channel geometry (heights), inlet coolant temperature, and mass flow rate on the thermal performance of the interwound cooling belt structure. Optimal configurations are determined through a balanced multi-parameter optimization approach. The optimized configuration exhibits superior thermal–hydraulic performance relative to the baseline, with maximum temperature (<em>T</em>_max) being 6.31 K lower, maximum temperature difference (Δ<em>T</em>_max) reduced by 0.18 K, and the pressure drop (Δ<em>P</em>) cut by 39.02 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 119962"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced coupling of low-grade heat sources with Carnot battery through optimal temperature matching","authors":"Xianliang Yang ,&nbsp;Fangning Xu ,&nbsp;Enhui Sun ,&nbsp;Qinchai Chen ,&nbsp;Jinliang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of an external waste heat source into the Carnot battery system holds the theoretical potential to surpass 100% in efficiency. However, achieving significant efficiency requires waste heat sources with relatively high temperatures, limiting the application of Carnot batteries. To address challenge, this paper proposes a novel Carnot battery based on non-phase-change waste heat sources from the perspective of heat transfer temperature matching among waste heat sources, heat pumps, and Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC). The proposal is developed through theoretical modeling and comprehensive energy/exergy analysis, emphasizing the optimization of thermal coupling relationships to enhance system efficiency. On the charging side, Vapor Compression Heat Pump (VCHP) with a small temperature difference for heat absorption is selected to align with the variable temperature characteristics of the waste heat source. To address the narrow temperature range of the VCHP, this study proposes the integration of a Supercritical Extraction Steam Compression Regeneration ORC (SRORC). This cycle markedly elevates the evaporator’s inlet temperature through the compression regeneration process, enabling narrow temperature range heat absorption on the cycle side and enhancing heat exchange matching with the heat storage process. The new system excels in achieving superior temperature matching across each process. Notably, at a waste heat source temperature of 86.4 °C, the power-to-power efficiency of the Carnot battery reaches an optimal 100%, significantly reducing the required heat source temperature. Exergy analysis reveals that the exergy loss in the evaporator on the power generation side is substantially diminished, with the new system’s exergy efficiency reaching 43.41%, surpassing that of a conventional Carnot battery by 13.40%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 119953"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deconstruction and quantification strategy for the reversible efficiency of solid oxide cell systems in an entire cycle","authors":"Guoqiang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Jakub Kupecki ,&nbsp;Yihuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Jingxuan Peng ,&nbsp;Yulong Ji ,&nbsp;Xi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-temperature solid oxide cell (SOC) technology is a promising solution for peak shaving and valley filling in intermittent renewable energy microgrids due to its high efficiency and reversibility. Energy conversion is typically done in units of one charge/discharge cycle; however, a precise definition of the SOC system efficiency in continuous switching cycles has not yet been found, particularly lacking unrestricted quantification of reversible efficiency and mode scheduling optimization. This paper proposes, for the first time, the concept of generalized reversible efficiency (GRT) for SOC systems, along with a novel deconstruction and quantification strategy to solve the optimal GRT of such systems over an entire cycle. Specifically, the switching efficiency analysis is based on an energy-flow model of the reversible SOC system, which incorporates a secondary heat recovery process. An algorithmic strategy consisting of an improved decomposition-based multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is designed to optimize GRT under multiple constraints. Results indicate that GRT can be converted into cycle P2G2P (Power to Gas to Power) in any direction. The global maximum GRT is around 60.4%, occurring at the lower point of the medium capacity (denoted as <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>, <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>≈ 160). The optimal GRT decreases with increasing <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>, exhibits a trade-off with the discharge efficiency,<!--> <!-->and is affected by thermal dissipation and internal energy losses, especially during discharge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 119914"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic and environmental analysis of clean hydrogen deployment: A case study of Los Angeles International Airport","authors":"Sajjad Rezaei ,&nbsp;Khaled Alsamri ,&nbsp;Elio Simeoni ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Huynh ,&nbsp;Jack Brouwer","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary strategy for addressing environmental concerns related to global aviation emissions is transitioning to low-carbon propulsion technologies. Hydrogen (H₂) offers significant potential as a sustainable fuel, with anticipated zero to low carbon emissions. This study develops a methodological framework that integrates on-site electrolytic H₂ production, storage, and transportation for airport applications. For the first time, the techno-economic feasibility of supplying clean liquid hydrogen (LH₂) to Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) to support its transition toward sustainable operations by 2050 is comprehensively analyzed. The results underscore the critical role of integrating long-term H₂ storage and short-term battery storage solutions to establish a reliable, self-sustained microgrid system at LAX. The estimated levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) ranges from $6.77 to $7.10 per kilogram of H₂ in 2030, decreasing significantly to approximately $3.78 per kilogram of H₂ by 2050, showing the viability of deploying clean H₂ at LAX. Additionally, this study, for the first time, quantifies the global warming potential (GWP) of clean H₂ supply pathways for airport applications, revealing a range of 0.29 to 0.35 kg CO₂-eq/kg H₂ by 2050, with H₂ venting from electrolysis identified as the dominant contributor. The findings emphasize the feasibility of H₂ as a sustainable aviation fuel and provide actionable strategies for its implementation at LAX. This work advances the hydrogen aviation field by bridging the gap between the general clean H₂ supply chain strategies and the specific needs of the aviation sector, thereby contributing to California’s ambitious climate goals. Future research is recommended to address limitations in cost optimization, lifecycle impacts, policy incentives, and safety innovations, enabling the scalable and practical implementation of H₂ as a sustainable aviation fuel at airports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 119946"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental and forecast-driven Expanded Total Equivalent Warming Impact analysis of a water-to-water heat pump operated with R-1234yf-based fluids","authors":"Luca Ventola ,&nbsp;Ali Khalid Shaker Al-Sayyab ,&nbsp;Elisa Marrasso ,&nbsp;Adrián Mota-Babiloni ,&nbsp;Joaquín Navarro-Esbrí ,&nbsp;Giovanna Pallotta ,&nbsp;Maurizio Sasso","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heating, cooling, air conditioning, and ventilation systems are major contributors to global warming emissions and climate change. As global temperatures rise, building requirements evolve, with cooling expected to play an increasingly important role. Seeking sustainable options for this growing demand, this study presents an experimental comparison of four refrigerants (R-1234yf, R-513A, R-516A, R-134a) in a water-to-water heat pump within a dynamically simulated residential building. The environmental performance is evaluated using the Expanded Total Equivalent Warming Impact index through a novel dynamic forecasting model. This methodology integrates time-varying parameters alongside forecasts of carbon dioxide emission factors for electricity production in Italy and thermal and cooling energy needs to assess first-year and lifetime environmental impact comprehensively. First-year results show that low Global Warming Potential refrigerants ensure a reduction of total emissions between 30 % and 50 % compared to R-134a. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis reveals how varying energy production scenarios could influence these benefits, with countries with high renewable energy capacity being further advantaged. Lifetime projections indicate substantial emission reductions (over 60 % for R-1234yf, 36 % for R-513A, and 50 % for R-516A) compared to traditional evaluations. However, lower cooling performance and efficiency degradation significantly impact low-GWP refrigerants, potentially increasing indirect emissions in the future. Overall, this novel dynamic forecasting model estimates 7 % to 18 % lower lifetime emissions than conventional assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 119969"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ gold/gold nanorods/graphene nanoplatelets-enhanced phase change materials with superior solar thermal conversion and deicing capability","authors":"Ruijin Fan ,&nbsp;Heng Wang ,&nbsp;Cheng Tan ,&nbsp;Yong Yu ,&nbsp;Jianhang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar thermal conversion and storage technologies utilizing phase change materials are promising for meeting future energy demands and imbalances because of their exceptional energy storage capability and reversibility. However, effectively improving photothermal conversion performance and skillfully harnessing photothermal energy remain considerable challenges. Herein, hybrid photothermal fillers were created by in-situ growth of gold and gold nanorods on graphene nanoplatelets to endow phase change materials with superior solar thermal conversion properties, and an innovative photothermal deicing method for domestic water systems was devised. Morphological and structural analyses confirmed the successful in-situ synthesis of the hybrid nanofillers, which induced a bimodal localized surface plasmon resonance effect and broadened the spectral absorption range, leading to a 35.3 % increase in the light absorption for phase change composites. Moreover, experiments indicate that the solar thermal conversion and storage efficiencies of the phase change composites reach 82.8 % and 45.7 %, respectively, which is because more light absorption centers provided by hybrid nanofillers effectively enhance solar capture and absorption while reducing heat dissipation and non-radiative losses. Furthermore, numerical simulations demonstrate that the deicing time of the phase change composite-coated pipe is 38.3 % shorter than that of the uncoated pipe, and the deicing time can be significantly reduced by 78.9 % with concentrated light at 3000 W/m², indicating that the superior photothermal deicing performance and potential applications of the proposed phase change composites. The findings shed novel light on the development of functional photothermal phase change composites and innovative solar thermal utilization systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 119970"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal gasification of sisal wastes as an alternative to conventional gasification for hydrogen-rich gas production","authors":"Emmanuel Brown,&nbsp;Francis Njoka,&nbsp;Booker Osodo,&nbsp;Emmanuel Kombe","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gasification of biomass is widely recognized as a practical method of enhancing sustainable generation of hydrogen. This research investigates the optimal gasification pathway for higher hydrogen gas yields in syngas produced from sisal wastes. Comparative studies on steam gasification (SG) and hydrothermal gasification (HTG) are modeled using Aspen Plus software. Key operating parameters including, temperature, pressure, and gasifying agent, are systematically analyzed for the two gasification methods. Optimization studies are further performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Design Expert software to determine the ideal operational conditions for each process. Results demonstrate that temperature exhibits positive effects on the hydrogen yield in HTG compared to SG. For both processes, increasing the gasifying agent enhances hydrogen yields. Optimization findings reveal that HTG outperforms SG in hydrogen production, although with a lower CGE to that of SG. The optimization results revealed high desirability values of 0.949 and 0.957 for the optimized conditions of HTG and SG, respectively. This study underscores the significance of process-specific parameter optimization and highlights HTG as a superior technology for converting sisal waste into hydrogen-rich syngas, offering enhanced efficiency and greater adaptability to the feedstock’s inherent characteristics. These insights provide a robust framework for advancing sustainable biomass gasification technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 119968"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient transport phenomena in lithium-rich solar evaporation ponds: A case study in the Atacama Salt Flat, Chile","authors":"Nicolás Rodríguez-Córdova ,&nbsp;Cristóbal Sarmiento-Laurel ,&nbsp;Humberto Estay ,&nbsp;Masoud Behzad","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium extraction from brines plays a key role in the global transition toward sustainable energy systems, yet the transient thermophysical behavior of lithium-rich solar evaporation ponds (LiSEPs) under real environmental conditions remains unexplored. This study presents a computational framework developed in OpenFOAM to analyze the transient transport of mass, energy, and momentum in a LiSEP located in the Atacama Salt Flat, Chile. The model incorporates variable boundary conditions to evaluate mass and energy exchanges with the environment, accounting for evaporative cooling and radiative heat transfer. The results reveal diurnal patterns with shifts in exchange direction between the environment and the LiSEP. Over eight days, cumulative water evaporation reached 143.24 kg/m², with salinity increasing from 25% to 29.04%. Cloudy days reduced solar radiation by 54.56%, halving evaporation rates and salinity growth compared to sunny days. Seasonal analysis showed that summer evaporation rates were 2.30 times higher than winter rates due to increased solar radiation. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for environmental variability in optimizing the development of LiSEPs under diverse climatic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 119873"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study and parameter optimization of desiccant wheel-assisted atmospheric water harvesting system based on NSGA-II","authors":"Fanzhao Kong ,&nbsp;Zhongbao Liu ,&nbsp;Chenghu Lin ,&nbsp;Zepeng Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Shuyi Yao ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Junxiong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The desiccant wheel-assisted atmospheric water harvesting system (DW-AWHS) effectively mitigates the performance degradation of a heat pump-based atmospheric water harvesting system (HP-AWHS) in arid desert climates by elevating the air dew point temperature. Comparative multi-environmental performance experiments between the HP-AWHS and DW-AWHS revealed that the DW-AWHS exhibits reduced susceptibility to environmental fluctuations. The water harvesting rate (WHR) and dew point temperature rise (ΔT_DP) are the core metrics for evaluating the DW-AWHS performance. However, an inherent trade-off exists between these two objectives during system optimization. This study proposes a hybrid optimization framework integrating response surface methodology (RSM) and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) to resolve this multi-objective optimization challenge. First, four critical design variables were identified: treated air fan speed (n_tr), regeneration air fan speed (n_re), condensation temperature (T_co), and regeneration power (W_he). A Box-Behnken experimental design was implemented to construct regression models. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) validated the adequacy and reliability of the regression models. Response surface analysis elucidated the interactive effects between paired design parameters. Subsequently, the Pareto optimal frontier was derived using NSGA-II. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that WHR is predominantly influenced in the order W_he &gt; T_co &gt; n_re &gt; n_tr, while ΔT_DP is governed by T_co &gt; W_he &gt; n_re &gt; n_tr. Under optimized conditions (20 °C, 40 % RH), the system achieved a WHR of 0.2164 kg/h and a ΔT_DP of 23.72 °C, corresponding to operational parameters of n_tr = 3.43 krpm, n_re = 2.99 krpm, T_co = 17.89 °C, and W_he = 0.993 kW. Experimental validation confirmed the prediction accuracy, with deviations between simulated and measured results below 3 %, thereby substantiating the robustness of the proposed methodology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 119943"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid hydrogen energy storage system assisted by cold storage Rankine Carnot battery for power and heat production: Performance assessment and multi-objective artificial hummingbird optimization algorithm","authors":"Fateme Norooziyan ,&nbsp;Arshiya Noorpoor ,&nbsp;Fateme Ahmadi Boyaghchi","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy storage is an effective solution for solving grid volatility of renewable electricity. The hydrogen energy storage (HES) system is a promising energy storage technology due to the high energy density of hydrogen as an energy storage medium. In this work, a new HES system, including the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEME), the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and the waste heat recovery supercritical CO₂ recompression cycle (SRC) is proposed to produce power and heat load without CO₂ emission. To enhance the roundtrip efficiency of the HES system, a cold energy storage Rankine Carnot battery (CSRCB) based on a vapor compression refrigeration cycle (VCR) and transcritical CO₂ regenerative Rankine cycle (TRC) is introduced to integrate the sub-ambient temperature with SRC and SOFC waste heat. The system’s performance is studied using thermodynamic and economic methods, and the effect of employing CSRCB on the roundtrip efficiency is assessed by defining a new improvement percent (IP) index. A comprehensive parametric assessment and multi-objective artificial hummingbird optimization algorithm (MOAHA) are conducted to find the maximum roundtrip efficiency and discharge power with a minimum product cost rate. According to the results, employing CSRCB enhances the roundtrip efficiency of the HES system by 74.36 % with a 30.38 % increment relative to the base point. In this case, the discharged exergy efficiency increases by 89.88 %, and the economic indicators of product cost rate, levelized cost of storage (LCOS), and payback period (PP) decline to the minimum values of 89.03 $/s, 0.2544 $/kWh and 4.47 years, respectively, with 3.65 M$ net present value (NPV).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 119976"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}