Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"Marine alternative fuels for shipping decarbonization: Technologies, applications and challenges","authors":"Zhongwei Li ,&nbsp;Kai Wang ,&nbsp;Hongzhi Liang ,&nbsp;Yapeng Wang ,&nbsp;Ranqi Ma ,&nbsp;Jianlin Cao ,&nbsp;Lianzhong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the background of increasingly stringent emission regulations and the urgent necessity for decarbonization of the shipping industry, the application of marine alternative fuel technologies is crucial for reducing CO₂ emissions from vessels and achieving the mid-term and long-term carbon reduction targets in the shipping industry. This research focuses on the application technologies of the typical marine alternative fuels, including the LNG (liquefied natural gas), methanol, hydrogen and ammonia. The current research and application status of marine alternative fuels for shipping decarbonization are systematically examined, and the comprehensive analysis and discussions of the marine alternative fuels are carried out. On these foundations, the challenges and issues in the practical implementation of these technologies are discussed, and the future research directions are proposed, with the goal of offering insights for the development and practical applications of marine alternative fuels. The comprehensive analysis reveals that the marine alternative fuel applications can effectively reduce CO₂ emissions of ships, and the life cycle environmental and economic analysis can provide important guidance for selecting suitable alternative fuels for different ships. In the future, the key technologies considering the impact of various influence factors should be further studied to promote the practical applications of the marine alternative fuels, and thus contributing to the energy transitions and carbon reduction of the shipping industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 119641"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient thermal water pump for electricity-free recovery of industrial waste heat","authors":"Deepak Sharma ,&nbsp;Durga Prasad Ghosh ,&nbsp;Sandra Jean Dennis ,&nbsp;Xiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Bahman Abbasi","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial waste heat (IWH) below 200 ℃ forms an immense source of free and clean energy, which contributes directly to global warming if not recovered. This paper presents a novel use of thermal water pump (TWP) to efficiently recover low-grade IWH without using electricity. TWPs use phase-change of working fluid for discharge and suction of pumped fluid. Existing TWPs have low pumping efficiency and discontinuous discharge, which is uneconomical and impractical for industrial processes. This paper optimizes TWP design for industrial purposes: first, by identifying parameters controlling TWP pumping performance and optimizing system design. Particularly, vapor flow path is optimized to increase efficiencies by 10 folds. Additionally, heat rejected from the condenser is recycled to heat discharge water. The energy recovery efficiency (ERP) is achieved comparable to forced and natural circulation solar water heaters (30–60 %). Second, continuous discharge is produced by suppressing fluctuation by 80 % using an inline accumulator. The highest ERP of 39 % is achieved for 16 L/h discharge at 48 ℃ over 70 ℃ temperature difference. A payback period of 4.2 years is estimated for 5 kW system. Our TWP can enable an annual recovery of 4087 kWh equivalent to $940 USD. A levelized energy cost of 0.23 USD/kWh is achieved equivalent to photovoltaic (PV) system (0.21–0.26 USD/kWh). Our TWP is intended to supply hot saline to our patented desalination system without electric pumps. This study highlights the potential of TWPs to efficiently and economically recover the untapped low-grade IWH, and paves path for a sustainable future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 119640"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on coupled heave-pitch motions of multi-body Salter’s duck-WEC with a floating platform in regular and irregular waves","authors":"Mostafa Jafarzadeh Khatibani ,&nbsp;Hassan Ghassemi ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Ghiasi","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hybrid concept of multi-body Salter’s duck wave energy converter (WEC) provides viable solutions to improve power absorption and reduce the cost of energy. In this paper, the coupled heave-pitch motions of the Salter’s duck combining a floating platform in regular and irregular waves are numerically investigated. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and shear-stress transport <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>ω</mi></mrow></math></span> turbulence model is employed to simulate the whole system under regular and irregular waves generated using the Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) wave spectrum, utilizing data gathered from Astara port in the Caspian Sea. We conducted analyses for three distinct scenarios (without platform, fixed platform, and heaving platform) to examine the variations in motion response, power absorption, and performance efficiency. Several significant factors were analyzed, such as differences in wave height, wave period, and angles of incident waves for both fixed and heaving devices. The heaving platform captures maximum power at the wave period of five seconds, while peak performance efficiency is achieved at four seconds. The optimum power take-off (PTO) damping of the single duck under the irregular wave spectrum is found to be 22.5 kN.m.s/rad. The research findings indicate that the heaving platform has a marginally lower wave power capture efficiency than the fixed platform. However, it maintains a consistent pattern in energy absorption from waves and shows reduced sensitivity to fluctuations in wave period, thereby improving its performance reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 119639"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on factors and components of CWSE for hydrogen production","authors":"Jiahui Wang,&nbsp;Yu Niu,&nbsp;Yingying Xiong,&nbsp;Qiulin Wang,&nbsp;Jiao Wu,&nbsp;Congxiu Guo,&nbsp;Tao Bai,&nbsp;Tong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pursuit of carbon neutrality and peak carbon emissions necessitates the development of hydrogen energy. Among the various hydrogen production technologies, coal water slurry electrolysis (CWSE) stands out due to its reduced total electricity consumption, which is only 1/3–1/2 of that of traditional water electrolysis. However, CWSE faces significant challenges in terms of low efficiency and instability, hindering its industrialization. To address these issues and explore potential pathways for efficiency enhancement and feasibility improvement, this review presents a comprehensive analysis of the current research and progress in CWSE compared to traditional water electrolysis. The impact of various components and factors, including catalysts, electrode materials, electrolysis voltage, coal pretreatment, coal particle microstructure, reaction temperature, sulfuric acid concentration, CWS stirring rate, and additional catalysts, on CWSE hydrogen production is thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, critical issues such as understanding the electrolysis mechanisms, increasing hydrogen production efficiency and reaction rates, and reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions (through carbon capture, utilization, and storage: CCUS) are addressed. Special attention is given to the interface design, including ion and proton exchange membranes, and electrodes. A SWOT analysis of CWSE is conducted to highlight its strengths and limitations, with future directions and technological prospects outlined. Additionally, this review emphasizes the interrelated characteristics between renewable energy integration, electrode and membrane material optimization, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) recovery in conjunction with CCUS, and SC-CO₂ medium jet technologies. Overall, this review promotes an in-depth exploration of the CWSE mechanism and advances technology strategies for large-scale applications, contributing to the development of sustainable hydrogen production technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 119636"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient photovoltaic power prediction to achieve carbon neutrality in China","authors":"Junyao Gao ,&nbsp;Weiqing Huang ,&nbsp;Yu Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rational utilization of photovoltaic (PV) power generation is a key pathway for China to achieve carbon reduction. However, many physics-based prediction methods using climate data have not fully accounted for the significant discrepancies and data biases in Global Climate Models (GCMs) across different regions. To address this issue, a novel PV power prediction framework based on near-surface air temperature and solar radiation is proposed. A region-divided and period-segmented improved Delta method is also proposed to significantly reduce the simulation errors of climate data by coupling with Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA). The conversion efficiency of PV cell and four Sharing Socioeconomic Pathways are considered collaboratively for efficient PV power potential prediction. Nearly six million climate data volumes were quantitatively analyzed, demonstrating the strong applicability of this approach. The relevance coefficients for surface downwelling shortwave radiation and near-surface air temperature increased by 11.44 % and 2.07 %, while the root mean square errors decreased by 53.86 % and 56.21 %. The prediction results show that China is more favorable to PV power generation under the sustainable development path during 2030–2059 and 2060–2099, the average value of PV power potential can reach to 110.86 W m⁻² and 168.51 W m⁻², leading to carbon emission reductions of 0.968 t m⁻² yr⁻¹ and 1.472 t m⁻² yr⁻¹. If China’s installed PV capacity reaches 15,000 km2 and PV cell conversion efficiency rises to 50 %, carbon neutrality could be realized during 2044–2059. This study provides a theoretical basis for efficient PV power prediction and energy policy formulation in China, while also offering a methodological support for other countries with similar demand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 119653"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental analysis and multi-objective optimization of heavy-duty hydrogen SI engine performance and emissions based on GA-BP-MOGWO","authors":"Dezhong Ning ,&nbsp;Jiawei Dong ,&nbsp;Wei Guan ,&nbsp;Zhi Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Tiejian Lin ,&nbsp;Yufeng Qin ,&nbsp;Song Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingzhang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heavy-duty hydrogen engine, as a key technology for achieving zero-carbon emissions, shows great development potential. The main problem of the hydrogen engine is high fuel consumption, high NOx emissions and hydrogen leakage. This study combined experimental and computational techniques to systematically study the effects of the excess air coefficient (λ) and spark timing (SPK) on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of large-displacement multi-cylinder commercial hydrogen engines at a speed of 1200 r/min and throttle opening of 40 %. Further, the study explored the effects of key operating parameters on the hydrogen engine’s power characteristics (power), economic characteristics (Brake Specific Fuel Consumption, BSFC), and emission characteristics (NOx, Hydrogen Leakage). The experiment results reveal that the leaner the mixture, the better the economy, but it had adverse effect on power. The lowest BSFC of around 75 g/kWh is achieved when controlling λ at 2.8 and the SPK timing at approximately −30 °CA ATDC. Additionally, the lean mixture is conducive to reducing NOx emissions, and the minimum hydrogen leakage is located in a narrow area around λ at 2.2 and the SPK timing from −17 °CA ATDC to –33 °CA ATDC. In this paper, the complex relationship between independent variables (λ, SPK timing, intake pressure, CA50) and dependent variables (power, BSFC, NOx, Hydrogen Leakage) was established based on Genetic Algorithm-Back Propagation Neural Network (GA-BP) method. Finally, the study combined the Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (MOGWO) algorithm and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to find the optimal trade-off between the performance and emissions of the hydrogen engine and obtain the optimal operating conditions. The multi-objective optimization results show that the NOx emissions and hydrogen leakage can be effectively reduced. Specifically, compared with the base condition (λ = 1.5, SPK timing = -1°CA ATDC), NOx was reduced about 95 % to 149.55 ppm, and hydrogen leakage was reduced about 88 % to 103.09 ppm, while increasing power up to 111.20 kW and reducing BSFC down to 78.34 g/kWh, a decrease of about 6.9 %. The above optimal result is obtained when controlling the operating conditions at λ of 2, SPK timing of −36 °CA ATDC, intake pressure of 129 kPa, and CA50 of 1°CA ATDC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 119638"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling of plastic-rich streams from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) sorting plants: An in-depth study of pyrolysis potential through product characterization and life cycle assessment (LCA)","authors":"Borja B. Perez-Martinez ,&nbsp;Alexander Lopez-Urionabarrenechea ,&nbsp;Adriana Serras-Malillos ,&nbsp;Esther Acha ,&nbsp;Miren Martínez-Santos ,&nbsp;Blanca M. Caballero ,&nbsp;Maider Iturrondobeitia ,&nbsp;Hugo Afonso","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermochemical recycling is emerging as a viable alternative for the recycling of complex plastic waste streams, such as those originated in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) sorting facilities. In this work, three different WEEE plastic-rich samples are subjected to pyrolysis and the resulting products are thoroughly analyzed to assess their potential industrial utilization. The pyrolysis processes are conducted in a 3 L non-stirred tank reactor at a heating rate of 15 °C/min, reaching a final temperature of 500 °C with a dwell time of 30 min, using 1 L/min of N₂ as carrier gas. The pyrolysis products are characterized and evaluated for their potential applications, including petrochemical feedstock, refuse derived fuel (RDF), and solid adsorbent. The results indicate that pyrolysis liquids can be used as RDF in cement kilns, provided the halogen content is below acceptance limits. The gases produced could be used as refinery gases after pollutant removal. Additionally, the solid fraction casts promising results in preliminary tests as a drug adsorbent in water, suggesting a new and very interesting path of research. Life cycle assessment (LCA) shows that the pyrolysis of sample C, which has the worst chemical properties, gives the lowest environmental impact, since the solid fraction from this sample is the most effective adsorbent, achieving almost 100 % removal efficiency for the tested drugs. The findings suggest that pyrolysis of plastic-rich streams should not always be focused on the oil production, as it can yield other valuable products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 119633"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive performance evaluation and sustainability ranking of battery technologies based on hesitant intuitionistic fuzzy linguistic decision-making","authors":"Sayan Das ,&nbsp;Manuel Baumann ,&nbsp;Marcel Weil","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Battery energy storage systems, in particular emerging systems based on abundant materials such as sodium and potassium are considered as sustainable alternatives to current lithium-based systems. However, sustainability assessment as well as the identification of potential improvement potentials require a complex assessment of multiple factors, including technical, economic, environmental and socio-political aspects. The interdependence and uncertainty of these criteria, particularly with qualitative data related to very different technology readiness levels (TRL), pose a significant challenge for robust assessments. The study proposes a new hesitant-intuitionistic framework for selecting energy storage technologies and to identify relevant improvement potentials, addressing all dimensions of sustainability under linguistic hesitancy and uncertainty. It uniquely incorporates detailed quantitative environmental impact data and raw material-based social sub-factors are also identified as the key factors that influence decision-making. The robustness of the results is validated with an additional fuzzy-decision making approach. Finally, the obstacle degree of each criterion and sub-criteria is conducted along with an uncertainty analysis to identify fields for improvement. The study exemplarily evaluates three different battery chemistries LiFePO₄ as state-of-the-art technology, and KFeSO₄F and NaNMMT as emerging technologies. First results indicate that the NaNMMT battery is the most sustainable option followed by LiFePO₄ and KFeSO₄F when socio-political factors are not considered. Whereas LiFePO₄ leads when this factor is included with other factors. The study identifies the environmental factor as the most influential in decision-making. Additionally, sub-factors such as cell voltage, energy density, cathode specific capacity, capital cost, price fluctuations, demand growth, and global warming also significantly impact the decision-making process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 119594"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal and time dependent thermodynamic analyses of a novel solar-driven hydrogen and power cogeneration system","authors":"Atefeh Delkhosh,&nbsp;Elaheh Neshat","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen has replaced many hydrocarbon fuels due to its lack of carbon emissions. Various energy sources are utilized in hydrogen production cycles, with solar energy being one of the cleanest and most renewable options. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of a novel integrated system for combined power, hydrogen, and heat production. The system combines a solar cycle, a solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine (SOFC-GT), and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). Both static and dynamic analyses are performed using EES and TRNSYS software. Initially, analyses of energy, exergy, and economics of the proposed system were conducted. A parametric study was performed to investigate the effects of various thermodynamic parameters on the system’s performance and costs. These parameters include the air-to-fuel ratio, fuel utilization factor, gas turbine efficiency, anode recycle ratio, and the operating temperature and pressure of the SOFC. The results showed that, in the static analysis, energy utilization factor, exergy utilization factor, and hydrogen production were 68.77 %, 62.49 %, and 12.12 (mole/s), respectively. Furthermore, the system’s levelized cost of energy and power are 0.088 ($/kWh) and 0.1243 ($/kWh), respectively. Results from the parametric analysis indicate that increasing the operating temperature of the SOFC leads to increases in energy utilization factor and exergy utilization factor by 20 % and 21 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 119630"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing the output and quality of variable renewable energy generation in wide area based on multi-objective optimization","authors":"Yunxiao Chen,&nbsp;Jinfu Liu,&nbsp;Daren Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To alleviate the pressure of excessive carbon emissions on the environment, the installed capacity of variable renewable energy represented by wind and solar energy has significantly increased. However, the strong volatility in high-capacity variable renewable energy may directly lead to high flexibility requirements, thereby endangering the reliability and economy of the power system, if no effective measures are taken. Expected high-quality energy has low flexibility requirements. This paper aims to achieve this goal based on the combination of wind and solar energy: at first, the indicators about the power out, flexibility requirements and comprehensive performance of variable renewable energy are respectively proposed. The characteristics of wind energy and solar energy are statistically analyzed based on the proposed indicators. Then, the paper proposes an allocation method for wind-solar energy ratios in wide area based on genetic algorithm. Single objective optimization and multi-objective optimization are conducted sequentially, with the eastern region in China as the site. Finally, the comprehensive performances of variable renewable energy before and after optimization are compared through statistical method. The results indicate that the proposed method can significantly improve the comprehensive performance and effectively balance the output and quality of renewable energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 119632"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}