Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"A new paradigm based on Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network and time-series graph for integrated energy system forecasting","authors":"Zhirui Tian, Mei Gai","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119484","url":null,"abstract":"With the continuous increase in the proportion of renewable energy, accurate forecasting of various tasks within integrated energy systems (IES) is becoming increasingly important. Traditional deep learning-based time series forecasting methods typically adopt loss functions such as mean squared error (MSE) to measure the difference between predicted and actual values, and optimizing neural networks via back-propagation. However, due to the significant auto-correlation present in time series data, these methods often struggle to fully capture their inherent properties. To this end, inspired by Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (WGAN), this paper proposes a novel time series forecasting paradigm named IESWGAN. Specifically, the proposed method first extracts multi-frequency information and correlated feature information effectively from the raw time series through multi-stage data processing and inputs them parallel into the generator in a channel-independent approach, followed by channel-mixing learning to fully exploit the historical data. In the discriminator, we adopt sliding window technique to convert the time series data into gray-scale images resembling approximately square matrices, and employ computer vision techniques to enhance the discriminator’s ability to capture complex patterns in time series data, thereby improving forecasting accuracy through the adversarial interaction between the generator and discriminator. We selected three typical forecasting tasks (photovoltaic forecasting, wind power forecasting, and load forecasting) from Queensland’s IES to comprehensively evaluate the accuracy and generalizability of IESWGAN. The experimental results show that the mean average error (MAE) of the proposed IESWGAN on three tasks are <mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\">=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>32</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>, <mml:math altimg=\"si2.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>W</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\">=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and <mml:math altimg=\"si3.svg\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mi>o</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" linebreakstyle=\"after\">=</mml:mo><mml:mn>76</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>38</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> separately, which significantly achieves higher accuracy for more than 15% compared to baseline","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of carbon supports on the Pt-based catalyst activity and fuel cell performance under varied operational conditions","authors":"Xin Zeng, Samaneh Shahgaldi, Sushanta K. Mitra, Xianguo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119496","url":null,"abstract":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) play a pivotal role in advancing sustainable energy systems, with catalysts serving as critical components for their effectiveness and efficiency. While commercial Pt/C catalysts have made significant contributions, further improvements are still needed to meet the evolving requirements. Current methods for synthesizing high-performance catalysts often focus on composition design, morphology control and surface modification, while they face limitations related to the complicated preparation process and scalability. To address these issues, a facile one-pot synthesis approach is developed to prepare Pt nanoparticles on the Ketjenblack EC-600JD (Pt/Ket600), graphene nanoplatelets (Pt/GNP) and mixture of Ket600 and GNP (Pt/Ket600/GNP). The incorporation of GNP into Ket600 optimizes the structural properties of the carbon support, providing an effective platform for better dispersion of Pt nanoparticles. The high scalability of the proposed synthesis method yields over 750 mg of catalyst per batch, ensuring its applicability for large-scale production. As expected, Pt/Ket600/GNP demonstrates an optimal morphological structure, with Pt nanoparticles uniformly distributed with an average size of 2.15 nm and an overall Pt loading of approximately 46 %. The as-prepared Pt/Ket600/GNP also exhibits reduced permeation and diffusion resistivity, along with 1.26- and 1.68-fold higher mass activity for the oxygen reduction reaction, compared to Pt/Ket600 and Pt/GNP, respectively. The membrane electrode assembly with the Pt/Ket600/GNP catalyst achieves a peak power density of 1.17 W/cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> when operating on fully humidified hydrogen and air at 75 °C and 35 kPaG. This impressive performance highlights its strong potential for practical PEMFC applications.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of liquid piston compression efficiency through uncertainty analysis based on experimental measurements and 0D system modeling","authors":"Elie Solai, Mathieu Specklin, Michaël Deligant","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119431","url":null,"abstract":"Compressing gas at high pressure is required in multiple applications such a energy storage and hydrogen mobility. High pressure ratio gas compression can yet be costly, from an energy point of view. During compression, the gas heats up and the compression becomes a more energy intensive process. This is why optimal compression should be as close as possible to isothermal compression, by dissipating generated heat as the pressure increases. In this paper, we consider a liquid piston compressor, which operates by reducing the gas volume while the liquid level is rising up in the chamber. The relevance of the liquid piston compressor system is assessed by determining the energy consumption of compression stroke. However, this assessment is made difficult due to the uncertainties of different natures, such as geometrical characteristics and instrumentation techniques. To assess accurately the energy consumption of compression, an uncertainty framework has been developed in this study, together with an original lumped numerical model. Although this brings in addition modeling assumptions, whose uncertainties need to be taken into account as well, the full methodology allows in fine to compute the compression energy consumption through the <ce:italic>P–V</ce:italic> diagram integral.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-efficiency ammonia-fueled hybrid power generation system combining ammonia decomposition, proton exchange membrane fuel cell and micro gas turbine: A thermodynamic model and performance optimization","authors":"Li Lin, Mingwei Sun, Yifan Wu, Wenshi Huang, Zeyun Wu, Dabiao Wang, Huihuang Fang, Chongqi Chen, Yu Luo, Qing Zhang, Lilong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119358","url":null,"abstract":"As a carbon-free hydrogen (H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>) carrier with the advantage of liquefaction storage and transportation, ammonia (NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>) is regarded as a competitive clean energy carrier for H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> production and power generation. This work designs a novel NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-fueled hybrid power generation system, which combines ammonia decomposition reactor (ADR), proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and micro gas turbine (MGT) together with thermochemical recuperation for ADR. A system-level thermodynamic model has been developed to evaluate system performance with different optimization strategies. The model calculation reveals that the NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> decomposition temperature drop from 500 °C to 350 °C can increase the energy efficiency from 33.5 % to 43.2 %, and two improved integration strategies have therefore been proposed. Mixing a part of NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> with the exhaust gas from PEMFC anode to fuel MGT can reduce the NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> decomposition demand and makes better use of waste heat from MGT. Integrating ADR with MGT combustor can lower the exhaust gas temperature and the efficiency loss when using high temperature NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> decomposition catalyst. Both strategies can improve the system energy efficiency, to about 40 % and 44 % when NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> decomposition temperature is 500 °C and 350 °C, respectively, and demonstrate better flexibility in adapting to changes in NH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> decomposition temperature.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driver abnormal behavior detection enabled self-powered magnetic suspension hybrid wristband and AI for smart transportation","authors":"Jiaoyi Wu, Hexiang Zhang, Enzan Xiao, Tianshuang Liang, Xiaolong Zou, Jiantong Sun, Chengliang Fan, Zutao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119485","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of intelligent transportation, a green, light, and comfortable behavior detection method that can protect driver privacy needs to be developed. This paper presents a self-powered behavior detection system based on a magnetic suspension hybrid wristband (MS-HW) and multi-scale convolutional channel attention residual network. The system consists of three modules: magnetic suspension electromagnetic generator module (MS-EMG), magnetic suspension triboelectric nanogenerator module (MS-TENG), and algorithm module (MCRnet). The whole wristband is a magnetic suspension double-layer tubular structure. Magnets and PTFE discs are attached as a moving stack, copper rings are evenly arranged on the outside of the inner tube, and coil groups are wound around the outer tube. During the reciprocating movement of the inner tube, the magnetic flux change of the coil generates electrical energy, and the charge transfer of the copper ring generates the triboelectric signal. Comsol simulation is carried out to optimize the configuration of the system. Then, we simulated a driving environment and collected the activity signals of 15 people. According to the characteristics of different action durations, many signal sampling points, and few channels, we propose a multi-scale convolutional channel attention residual network. Res Multiscale blocks in the network have multiple scaled convolutional kernels to collect signal features, satisfying different action durations. In the network, feature points continue to decrease, and the number of channels continues to increase. The efficient channel attention module (ECAblock) redistributes the weight of channels to further strengthen feature extraction. The stability of the whole network is guaranteed by the residual structure. Finally, the vibration table and network performance experiments are carried out to evaluate the power generation and sensing performance of the system. The output power reaches 0.39 mW, and the recognition rate of the network can reach 97.53 % on the test set.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic analysis of a novel semi-closed loop gas turbine conventional hybrid cycle: 4E-S approach (energy, exergy, economics, emissions, and sustainability)","authors":"Abhinav Anand Sinha, Kriti Srivastava, Tushar Choudhary, S.P. Pandey, Sanjay, Aman Singh Rajpoot","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119489","url":null,"abstract":"In rural areas, which often have limited access to reliable electricity, gas-turbine hybrid cycles can provide a more stable and consistent source of power. India is a developing country, and its energy demands are increasing day by day. The economy of a country depends on energy consumption. To bridge the demand–supply gap and enhance the economy, a hybrid power generation system is proposed. A high-temperature fuel-cell is integrated with the conventional gas-turbine to improve its efficiency by more than 50%. A MATLAB-based simulation fuel-cell model is validated and then integrated with the gas turbine cycle. Performance can be assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively using the first and second laws of thermodynamics, respectively. The impact of pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature on various operating parameters is discussed. The network output increases as the pressure ratio increases due to the greater expansion of combusted gas in the gas turbine. Solid oxide fuel cell work can increase energy efficiency by 41.27%. The hybrid system maximizes energy (63.78%) and exergy (60.17%) efficiency at pressure ratio 6. The combustion chamber achieved the highest rate of exergy destruction, at 56.8% in the semi-closed loop gas turbine and 61.7% in the semi-closed loop hybrid gas turbine. At the end of this work, an economic and emissions (CO and NOx) comparison between the two proposed configuration is presented. Also, a unique performance and emissions map are discussed.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the off-design modeling of a commercial absorption chiller","authors":"Juan Manuel González, Alvaro Antonio Villa Ochoa, José M. Cardemil, Felipe Godoy, Mónica Zamora Zapata","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119470","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling a commercial absorption chiller accurately is essential for better integrating and optimizing their operation, especially in off-design conditions. Hence, in this work, a novel model based on the principles of mass and energy conservation was developed, incorporating three improvements for a single-effect LiBr–H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O absorption chiller, corresponding to (i) heat loss to the environment, (ii) heat transfer coefficient dependence on flow rate, and (iii) a falling film evaporator model. As a study case, the improved model was applied to simulate the off-design behavior of the Yazaki WFC-SC10 absorption chiller, using available manufacturer data. The effect of hot and chilled water temperature and hot water flow rate on performance were analyzed. Improvement (i) corrects the design point cooling capacity and heat input predictions to 0.03% and 0.04% error, respectively, far lower than the basic model (3.7% and 8.8%), while adding (ii) proves enough to enhance the off-design performance computation to excellent precision within 40%–100% of the rated hot water flow rate. Lastly, improvement (iii) allows the model to exhibit the performance-degrading partial wetting and overflow operating regimes at the evaporator, maintaining more realistic model predictions in off-design operation. The total model error in capacity and heat input with respect to manufacturer data (MAPE) decreased by 68% and 54% respectively, with respect to the hot water temperature, and by 94% and 82% with respect to its associated flow rate. Overall, this work sets a benchmark in commercial absorption chiller modeling accuracy, and particularly to the atypical behavior of the WFC-SC10.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A techno-economic assessment of pyrolysis processes for carbon capture, hydrogen and syngas production from variable methane sources: Comparison with steam reforming, water electrolysis, and coal gasification","authors":"Ahmet Çelik, Iadh Ben Othman, Yannik Neudeck, Olaf Deutschmann, Patrick Lott","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119414","url":null,"abstract":"The economic and ecologic feasibility of thermal pyrolysis processes with the feedstocks natural gas (H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> and carbon as products) or biogas (syngas and carbon as products) are studied for different locations – China, USA, Germany, Saudi Arabia, and Türkiye – and compared with state-of-the-art steam reforming and water electrolysis. At all considered locations, the current power generation still causes significant CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emissions between 0.36 and 0.70 kg CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>e/kWh, leading to CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emissions of H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> production <ce:italic>via</ce:italic> water electrolysis of more than 18 kg CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>e/kg H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>. In contrast, due to a lower energy demand, the thermal pyrolysis of natural gas allows for H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> production with considerably less CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emissions between 6 and 12 kg CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>e/kg H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>. With a hypothetical power generation relying exclusively on renewable sources, thermal pyrolysis can produce H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> with approx. 2 kg CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>e/kg H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> (originating from natural gas production), which is ecologically more favorable than steam reforming with carbon capture and storage. Furthermore, the H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> production costs from thermal pyrolysis of natural gas are lower than from electrolysis and steam reforming for locations with low natural gas and electricity costs. For instance, in the USA and Saudi Arabia, H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> can be produced for less than 1 €/kg H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>. Using biogas as feed for a thermal pyrolysis process even leads to negative CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emissions of up to −1.28 kg CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>e/kg syngas if the electricity supply is provided from renewable sources, which transforms the process to an active CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> sink. However, a potential biogas-to-syngas process cannot compete with state-of-the-art steam reforming in terms of production costs, mainly due to high biogas prices and significantly lower production capacities. In summary, natural gas pyrolysis can be an economically and ecologically feasible alternative to large-scale steam reforming and water electrolysis, especially if prices for the produced carbon exceed 500–1000 €/t. Moreover, a decentralized framework of biogas pyrolysis plants can serve as a feasible CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> sink when valuable, sustainable syngas and carbon are produced.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data center sustainability: The role of flexible fuel CCHP in mitigating grid emissions and power constraints","authors":"Taylor Stoll, Derek Young, Todd Bandhauer","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119455","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns surrounding climate change and growing global energy demands are driving data centers to seek solutions to reduce energy requirements and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems provide a grid alternative pathway for data centers to address arising grid challenges and provide data centers control over their rate of decarbonization. Engine-based CCHP systems can provide decarbonized utilities by using low-carbon, zero-carbon fuels, or fuel blends, along with enhancing reliability by using widely available carbon-based fuels. Fuel flexibility can alleviate risks associated with unknown changes in fuel markets as renewable fuels like green hydrogen (gH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>) continue to gain traction. This study quantified the emissions reduction potential and viability of flexible fuel CCHP systems as a solution to meet data center decarbonization and energy needs, as well as the impact of locational factors such as ambient weather conditions, utility pricing, and time-dependent grid GHG emissions. A model was constructed to simulate the performance and operating cost of decarbonization of a flexible fuel CCHP system under three different fueling scenarios, including 100% natural gas (NG), 20% gH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>/80% NG blending, and 100% gH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> fuel using emissions peak shaving on an hourly resolution over an entire year of operation in seven cities across the United States. In Salt Lake City, Utah, using 100% NG had an operating cost of decarbonization of $33 per tonneCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> removed and reduced GHG emissions by 37%. In Los Angeles, California, using 20% gH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> blending led to an emissions reduction of 9.6% and an operating savings of $380 per tonneCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> removed at $2 per kg gH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> fuel prices. In Silicon Valley, California, using 100% gH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> led to an emissions reduction of 5.3% at an operating savings of $118 per tonneCO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> removed at $2 per kg gH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>. The ability of fuel flexibility to adjust with environmental and economic factors that can vary significantly across geographic locations exemplified its resiliency and advantage as a sustainability pathway for data centers.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and assessment method to approach industrial site decarbonization: A case study of a light industry","authors":"Gaia Tomaiuolo, Laura Carnieletto, Matteo Pecchini, Alberto Benato, Anna Stoppato, Michele De Carli","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119460","url":null,"abstract":"The industrial sector includes a wide range of industries and processes for which a single approach or universal strategies for decarbonization can hardly be identified. In general, the most efficient way to decarbonize building sites consists of two phases: (i) reduce the energy demand and (ii) replace the fossil-based power generation units with renewable energy sources, possibly working on the management of HVAC systems to reduce the required peak power. Literature provides general rules and schemes, but no specific works on the energy retrofit of industrial buildings have been found in literature so far. The present study investigates an existing industrial district, using dynamic energy models of buildings tuned with the current conditions and compared with seven decarbonization scenarios. A neutral water loop exchanging heat with the ground has been studied, representing a widely replicable solution due to the higher heat exchange efficiency and the modular installation, which can be expanded within the site. The significant energy savings (28%) and CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emission reduction (up to 70%) obtained are representative of the potential achievable for many industrial sites in mild European climates, where decarbonization should achieve optimal cost-benefit results while minimizing the impact on the production through modular approaches.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}