Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"Boosting PV/T system performance with hybrid ZnO–water nanofluid cooling and passive airflow: a practical insight into the role of nanoparticle concentration","authors":"Ehab M. Almetwally, Abdelkrim Khelifa, Mohammed El Hadi Attia, Abd Elnaby Kabeel, Moataz M. Abdel-Aziz","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120595","url":null,"abstract":"This study numerically investigates the performance enhancement of a hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) system using ZnO-water nanofluid (0.1-0.5 % volume concentration) circulated at a constant flow rate of 0.0025 kg/s, combined with natural air convection. A comprehensive 3D steady-state model was developed employing the finite volume method, incorporating the standard k-ε turbulence model and Boussinesq approximation for buoyancy effects. The system features an innovative design with 16 triangular-profile cooling tubes beneath the PV panel to maximize heat transfer efficiency. Numerical simulations solved the governing equations for mass, momentum, and energy conservation under realistic Algerian climatic conditions, with validation against experimental data showing excellent agreement. Results demonstrate that increasing nanoparticle concentration significantly improves system performance, with the 0.5 % nanofluid achieving maximum electrical (15.56 %) and total thermal (75.60 %) efficiencies, representing improvements of 4.2 and 42.3 % respectively over conventional water cooling. The constant-flow nanofluid circulation maintained stable cooling performance while enhancing thermal energy recovery, with outlet temperatures increasing by 3.77 K at peak irradiance. This study provides critical insights into optimizing bi-fluid PV/T systems through nanofluid concentration control at fixed flow conditions, offering a practical solution for simultaneous electricity generation and thermal energy harvesting in solar applications.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-power THGM energy as a sustainable, continuous, and large-scale energy transition in Mexico: Hot dry rock","authors":"E. Teófilo-Salvador ,&nbsp;J.A. Montemayor-Aldrete ,&nbsp;R.G. Camacho-Velázquez ,&nbsp;A.P. Gómora-Figueroa","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate dynamics, irregularity, and energy intermittency have forced a shift toward Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) with Hot Dry Rock (HDR). This global approach may be an energy option for Mexico, recognizing them as highly complex nonlinear systems. Similarities and differences, conceptual models, techniques, and development-operation processes were identified. A coupled conceptual model was generated. Seismicity has been a limiting factor for hydraulic fracturing, and temperature affects the exploration, design, profitability, and construction of geothermal plants. Fracture connections influence design, energy estimates, fluid flow losses, and heat transfer efficiency. Reusing hydrocarbon wells can reduce costs by providing geological, geomechanical, geothermal, geophysical, geohydraulic, and geochemical data. The HDR-EGS is a coupled, highly complex, nonlinear thermo-hydro-geomechanical-chemical (THGMC) system, yet it is continuous, adaptable, non-polluting, and sustainable at large scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 120611"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of a polygeneration system for district heating and cooling using biogas from wastewater treatment plants","authors":"Alberto Picardo, Estela Peralta, Víctor Manuel Soltero, Carlos Ortiz, Ricardo Chacartegui","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120615","url":null,"abstract":"Biogas, as a product of anaerobic biodegradation processes of organic matter, has significant potential to be integrated into district heating networks to improve their efficiency. Wastewater treatment plants can be transformed into dual-purpose centres for sustainable resource generation and pollution reduction while also providing sludge management. This work investigates the role of biogas generated in wastewater treatment plants in fulfilling the demand requirements for heating, cooling, and domestic hot water in urban areas with district heating and cooling systems. The analysis estimates available biogas potential, evaluates total thermal energy demand, selects equipment for a polygeneration plant, and conducts techno-economic optimisation. Three urban locations in southern Europe with different climatic conditions were selected as case studies to establish energy demand profiles. Specific configurations were proposed for each plant, aiming to meet local thermal energy demands with an optimised cost. With overall efficiencies and equivalent electric efficiencies in the plants of up to 84 % and 79 %, respectively, integrating biogas into the proposed polygeneration systems as a support for primary energy achieves a reduction in primary energy consumption by 21 % to 39 % of total demand and economic savings from 40 % to 50 % of annual cost. It shows the interest and the technical and economic feasibility of partially replacing natural gas with biogas, supporting system decarbonisation and contributing to long-term climate neutrality goals.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic modeling, approximate solution, and performance analysis of an umbrella-shaped in-situ wave energy converter with a compact nonlinear stiffness mechanism","authors":"Hao Huang ,&nbsp;Siyuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Bingbing Wang ,&nbsp;Yunfei Lu ,&nbsp;Xianchao Zhao ,&nbsp;Weixing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lack of continuous energy supply is a key challenge limiting the application of ocean robots in long-endurance and high-load observation operations. Capturing wave energy for power generation is an innovative approach to extend the endurance of ocean robots. This paper proposes a simple and compact nonlinear stiffness mechanism (NSM) to improve the energy capture efficiency of the umbrella-shaped in-situ wave energy converter (UIWEC). A nonlinear time-domain dynamic model with multi-degree-of-freedom coupling is established, and a frequency-domain approximate solution method for the motion response is proposed. Through the analysis of static characteristics and dynamic responses, the influence rules of NSM parameters on UIWEC are revealed. The numerical results show that the reasonable selection of NSM parameters can significantly improve the capture efficiency of UIWEC under irregular wave excitation. Under the common wave conditions in the South China Sea (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>5</mn><mi>s</mi><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>), the theoretical average wave energy capture power of the nonlinear stiffness UIWEC is 29.13 W, which is increased by 40.3 % compared with the linear stiffness UIWEC. This study provides a feasible solution for improving the efficiency of small-scale in-situ wave energy converter and it is expected to address the energy supply challenges faced by ocean robots during their long-term operation in the deep and open sea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 120587"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clustering direct air capture and low-temperature waste heat sources to optimise the United Kingdom’s future energy system","authors":"Alex Middleton ,&nbsp;Kelly Cooper ,&nbsp;Stephen M. Smith ,&nbsp;Budimir Rosic","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage extracts carbon dioxide from atmospheric air and enables long-term sequestration. As an innovative Carbon Dioxide Removal method, Direct Air Capture is essential to achieving net-zero per the 2015 Paris Agreement. However, it is highly energy-intensive compared to alternative carbon removal methods, posing challenges for global decarbonisation and energy demand. Limited energy system integration analysis exists for Direct Air Capture, which is crucial to ensure efficient resource allocation in an already-constrained system. This energy intensive technology requires power, heat, and carbon dioxide storage, and the availabilities of such resources in the transforming energy system are limited. In this study, we analyse energy availability for Direct Air Capture in a low-carbon future energy system. We hypothesise that by clustering Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage installations with low-temperature waste heat from industrial and nuclear power sources, system losses are reduced, minimising energy demand and operational expenses versus a fully electrified solution. This research bridges the gap between development and implementation of waste heat Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage by calculating available low-temperature waste heat and applying spatial resource analysis of waste-heat clusters and transport to geological carbon storage sites, based on a United Kingdom case study. The study finds sufficient energy resources to meet Direct Air Capture requirements, even in an energy system less reliant on thermal plants. This approach facilitates a 7–13% cost reduction versus the reference case, with positive cost advantages maintained even under a 60% increase in waste heat input costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 120588"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time coordination of electrical and thermal energy in power-to-hydrogen by electrolysis plant","authors":"Zhiyao Zhong ,&nbsp;Jiakun Fang ,&nbsp;Kewei Hu ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Danji Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Ai ,&nbsp;Jinyu Wen ,&nbsp;Shijie Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a real-time coordination strategy for an industrial power-to-hydrogen by electrolysis (PtHE) plant under fluctuating renewable energy sources (RES). In this plant, an optimal coupling between electrical and thermal energy can improve the performance of the water electrolysis reaction. To maximize hydrogen production under power fluctuations, an optimization model considering the electrical-thermal coupling is first established, where the piecewise linear approximation is applied to transform nonlinear relationships in the PtHE plant into constraints in the form of mixed integer linear programming (MILP). Then, a real-time operation strategy of the PtHE plant is proposed to coordinate electrical and thermal energy for efficient conversion, where model predictive control (MPC) is adapted to determine the allocation of fluctuating power in real-time by solving the MILP optimization problem. Besides, a power hardware-in-loop (PHIL) platform is built to implement the proposed strategy, which includes an industrial alkaline PtHE plant and a real-time simulator. Through the experiment, the control execution of this platform is validated, and the parameters of the alkaline PtHE model are obtained. This strategy is applied to the PtHE plant in the PHIL platform and compared with the myopic policy to demonstrate the advantage: the total hydrogen production increases by 9% with no power curtailment of RES by the temperature management in advance using MPC. Further, a simulation on a high-capacity PtHE plant, up to MW scale, shows a 5% improvement in the total hydrogen production under the proposed strategy, compared with a commercial solution using programmable logic control (PLC). Results confirm that exploiting the electrical-thermal flexibility significantly enhances the energy conversion under varying conditions brought by RES, offering a practical route to promote green hydrogen production in industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 120580"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A photovoltaic-powered rapid-cycling sorption system for sustainable off-grid atmospheric water harvesting","authors":"Fen Jiang ,&nbsp;Qiongfen Yu ,&nbsp;Ming Li ,&nbsp;Zhijin Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Shu ,&nbsp;Shengnan Sun ,&nbsp;Danya Zhan ,&nbsp;Zhongfan Mo ,&nbsp;Zhihao Song ,&nbsp;Runfang Ma ,&nbsp;Meidi Ding ,&nbsp;Hui Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) technology exhibits great potential for strong environmental adaptability and flexible deployment. However, current systems commonly rely on grid electricity or intermittent solar thermal sources, which makes continuous and stable operation difficult and limits application reliability and scalability. Herein, an innovative photovoltaic (PV) powered rapid-cycling SAWH system was proposed for sustainable off-grid water harvesting. Activated carbon fiber felt (ACFF) acted as both an adsorbent and a resistor. In-situ electric swing adsorption (ESA) technology was employed to enable the adsorbed ACFF to undergo rapid Joule heating and desorption. The SAWH system achieved four daily cycles with a single sorption bed by optimizing the adsorption–desorption strategy. Experimental results showed that under 15 °C and 70 % relative humidity, the fan-assisted water cooling condensation mode was utilized to achieve a daily water production (DWP) of 0.96 kg_water/kg_ACFF/day with a low specific energy consumption (SEC) of 2.59 kW·h/kg_water. Even in the arid climate of Kunming during January, an equal-time adsorption mode (4.5 h × 4) was adopted to maintain a DWP of 0.50 kg_water/kg_ACFF/day with a SEC of 4.86 kW·h/kg_water. A six-day outdoor water collection test demonstrated that the PV panels consistently supplied sufficient energy to meet the SAWH system’s demand, with an energy conversion efficiency above 15 %. This stable power supply enabled continuous freshwater production under varying weather conditions, including sunny, cloudy, overcast, and nighttime days. The results validated the feasibility and practicality of this study as a green and sustainable solution for clean water harvesting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 120576"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-driven resource, cost and resilience assessment of ocean thermal energy conversion systems","authors":"Aminath Saadha ,&nbsp;Keiichi N. Ishihara ,&nbsp;Takaya Ogawa ,&nbsp;Hideyuki Okumura","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ocean thermal energy conversion is a renewable energy technology that utilizes the temperature gradient in the ocean to generate electricity. Climate change affects these plants in two opposing and counter intuitive ways: rising sea temperatures enhance the thermal gradient and increase resource potential, while intensifying extreme weather events undermine plant reliability and intensifying design requirements. Most existing studies assess resource potential using historical climatology and emphasize high-emission futures, overlooking how evolving climate reshapes long-term feasibility, costs, and resilience. This study addresses these gaps employing Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 scenarios to evaluate (i) global and small island specific resource potential, (ii) the translation of these resources into levelized cost of electricity for 10 MW offshore and onshore plants under three cost trajectories, and (iii) the structural reinforcements required to withstand stronger hurricanes. A lifetime present cost framework and a benefit cost ratio are applied, incorporating hurricane probabilities and salvage factors. Results indicate that resource viability grows under high emissions, reaching 1.3 × 10⁶ TW globally, while under the green pathway potential remains stable at 0.85 × 10⁶ TW. Levelized costs range from 0.09 to 0.14 USD/kWh in high emissions and 0.10–0.15 USD/kWh in the green pathway. Structural hardening increases costs by 9–36 % for offshore and 5–16 % for onshore designs. Benefit–cost tests suggest resilience upgrades are justified only to Category 2 levels in high-hazard sites, with limited economic value in low-risk regions. Ultimately, exceedance probability and baseline capital costs dominate life-cycle economics, constraining further reinforcement gains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 120599"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material–scenario coupled techno-economics comparison of carbon capture adsorbents: Feasibility and suitability across various contexts","authors":"Zeyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Hao Yu ,&nbsp;Guangyao Li ,&nbsp;Dongxu Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising urgency of climate change highlights the need for cost- and energy-efficient carbon capture technologies that can be deployed across diverse environments. However, comparative evaluations of representative adsorbents under different application scenarios remain limited, leaving a gap in understanding the suitability of materials beyond isolated performance metrics. In this study, a three-dimensional transient numerical model of fixed-bed adsorption was developed to evaluate three representative sorbents—metal–organic framework (MOF-Mg-74), activated carbon, and a solid amine. A simplified energy and techno-economic framework was further applied to quantify productivity, energy demand, and capture cost of operation in China across indoor air purification, outdoor direct air capture (DAC), and industrial flue-gas conditions. The durations of the evaluation cycle are 1 year (short-term), 3 years(mid-term) and 10 years (long-term). Results reveal clear scenario-dependent advantages. The performance envelopes are as follows: metal–organic framework shows energy consumption of 95.6–408.4 kJ/mol, capture costs of 214–3081 $/ton, and productivity of 0.66–138.7 ton/m²; solid amine exhibits 136.7–289.0 kJ/mol, 168–484 $/ton, and 6.91–162.80 ton/m²; activated carbon achieves 70.8–377.8 kJ/mol, 93–321 $/ton, and 5.18–121.30 ton/m². It also indicates that metal–organic framework is most suitable for high-occupancy indoor air cleaning, solid amine for high-throughput outdoor direct air capture, and activated carbon for cost-sensitive outdoor and industrial capture. To accelerate commercialization, it is recommended that reducing metal–organic framework’s synthesis cost, enhancing activated carbon’s adsorption capacity, improving solid amine’s cyclic stability and desorption heat, and integrating low-grade or renewable thermal energy to further curtail operating expenses and bolster sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 120589"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life-cycle performance analysis of a building integrated energy system considering equipment performance degradation","authors":"Jiangjiang Wang,&nbsp;Shaoming Ye,&nbsp;Boling Wu,&nbsp;Boxiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a life-cycle analysis framework for building-integrated energy systems that accounts for equipment degradation and dynamic energy demand growth over time. A community-scale integrated energy system in Beijing is modeled, consisting of photovoltaic panels, electric, thermal and hydrogen storage systems, as well as multi-energy conversion devices. Component degradation is represented using a coupled calendar-cycling aging model for storage systems and a piecewise degradation model for energy converters. The rain-flow counting method quantifies cycling-induced degradation, enabling realistic performance simulation over a 20-year horizon. Results indicate that photovoltaic generation meets demand for the first 15 years, but after year 15, degradation coupled with load growth causes supply–demand mismatches. Over 20 years, storage capacities decline by approximately 30 %, total system cost increases by 18.02 %, carbon emissions rise by 24.3 %, and independent operation time decreases by 15.9 %. Sensitivity analyses show PV degradation has a significant impact on economic and environmental performance, while population growth notably affects carbon emissions. The combined effects of equipment performance degradation and load growth substantially affect IES sustainability and economic viability. These insights provide valuable guidance for long-term system planning and optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 120593"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}