Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"Development, modeling and optimization of a solar-hydrogen-electricity-thermal-based integrated energy system for remote cold regions","authors":"Qiaonan Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhenjun Ma ,&nbsp;Shifan Wei ,&nbsp;Menglong Lu ,&nbsp;Hongtao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen is a clean and sustainable energy carrier with significant potential to reduce fossil fuel dependence and mitigate energy shortages. This study proposes a novel off-grid integrated energy system (IES) for remote cold regions, incorporating solar-driven water electrolysis, hydrogen fuel cell power generation, and hydrogen-enriched methane combustion. A dynamic model was developed to evaluate system performance for electricity, heating, and gas supply. A multi-objective optimization framework was introduced, incorporating equal weight and entropy weight-TOPSIS methods to determine the system sizing. Under the two schemes, methane consumption was reduced by 18.8 % and 13.6 %, respectively. The primary investment difference was the hydrogen storage tank size, 1200  m³ for equal weight and 1300  m³ for EWM-TOPSIS, resulting in a 5.36 % higher initial cost for the latter. Following optimization, the ideal sizes for photovoltaic panels, electrolyzer, gas tank, battery, and fuel cell were identified. Comprehensive static economic and annual energy flow analyses confirm the system maintained indoor temperatures around 20 °C during the heating season, utilizing solar-generated hydrogen and low-emission hybrid combustion. The proposed solar-hydrogen-electricity-thermal-based IES provides a feasible and efficient pathway for clean energy utilization in off-grid cold regions and supports the broader deployment of hydrogen-based technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 120582"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation-based performance analysis of an air conditioning system integrated with a sensible thermal energy storage tank for peak load shaving","authors":"Zakir Hussain ,&nbsp;Seongmin Choi ,&nbsp;Honghyun Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rising residential cooling demand during peak hours places significant stress on both air conditioning systems and power grids, resulting in increased operational costs and reduced system efficiency. This study investigates the integration of a water-based thermal energy storage tank (TEST) with a residential air conditioner (AC) as a strategy for load shifting and performance enhancement under dynamic electricity pricing. The combined simulation and computational fluid dynamics (CFD)<!--> <!-->analysis revealed that while the coefficient of performance (COP) decreases by up to 9.85% during off-peak charging due to additional compressor load, substantial benefits are achieved during peak hours. The results show COP improvements of 18.7%–41.9% and compressor workload reductions of up to 29.6% were observed during peak cooling periods. The integration of the TEST system resulted in a total daily electricity cost savings of 179.4 Korean won (0.16 USD), representing an 11.6% reduction compared to conventional operation. Additionally, total daily CO₂ emissions were reduced by approximately 10% through effective load shifting from carbon-intensive peak hours to cleaner off-peak periods. These findings demonstrate that water-based TEST can significantly improve the operational efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability of residential cooling systems. This study presents a practical framework for enhancing the sustainability and economic viability of residential cooling systems in urban environments, where energy demands are increasing and electricity pricing is dynamic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 120551"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic analysis of a multi small modular reactor-driven clean electricity-steam cogeneration system with recently-deployed potential for petrochemical industry decarbonization","authors":"Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Rafael Macián-Juan ,&nbsp;Xuan Ye ,&nbsp;Heng Xie ,&nbsp;Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small Modular Reactor (SMR) is a promising multi-purpose energy supply technology that can meet various energy needs in the ’difficult to reduce carbon’ petrochemical industry. Although there have been some studies on SMR-driven nuclear cogeneration systems, most of them have focused on a specific type of reactor, and research on nuclear cogeneration systems using multi different SMRs has seldom been reported. To fill this research gap, this paper proposes a flexibly-arranged nuclear cogeneration system driven by two types of SMR, which is coupled with a typical petrochemical park for electricity-steam combined supply. Two different operation schemes are developed for the system, and the system is modeled from both energy and exergy perspectives. The results indicate that the proposed multi SMR-driven nuclear cogeneration system has the potential to be deployed in the near future for petrochemical industry decarbonization. At rated conditions, the system achieves global energy and exergy efficiencies of approximately 73.8% and 64.4%, respectively, with main energy losses occurring in the heat exchange network, steam generators, main heat exchanger, and condenser. Finally, the case analysis illustrates that the global energy efficiency of the system significantly increases with the increase of the steam demand of petrochemical park, while the global exergy efficiency of the system slightly decreases. These findings suggest the feasibility of deploying hybrid SMR-based systems to meet multi-energy demands while advancing industrial decarbonization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 120568"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal regenerator deployed as a mini-channel porous media using supercritical CO2 as a working fluid","authors":"Hamidreza Mortazavy Beni ,&nbsp;Hamed Mortazavi ,&nbsp;Nick Bennett ,&nbsp;Mohammad S. Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) flow has unique thermodynamic properties that enhance the solar dish Stirling engine’s thermal efficiency and overall system performance in optimising solar energy utilisation for sustainable power generation. A precise knowledge of the impact of sCO₂ flow in solar dish Stirling engines and corresponding fluid–structure (FSI) interaction is missing in the literature. Therefore, this study aims to develop a novel FSI model for solar dish Stirling engines and optimise the system’s thermal efficiency. An advanced FSI model was developed for mini-channel porous media. A comprehensive grid refinement was performed, and the computational model was validated with the preliminary experimental measurement. The study presents the computational findings of heat transfer and fluid flow through a three-dimensional (3-D) woven mesh aluminum_1100 alloy. This structure is deployed as a thermal regenerator for solar dish application in the Stirling engine. The numerical model reports that the non-similar regenerator thermal efficiency in all angular velocities is always higher than that of similar regenerators. Following the grid independence analysis and experimental validation, the numerical method used in this study is considered reliable. Increasing the angular velocity from 10 rad/s to 100 rad/s leads to reaching the maximum thermal efficiency value during a lower reduced length &lt; 4. The highest deformation occurs in the first wire exposed to the hot stream in both similar (∼7.39 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>) and non-similar (∼7.42 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>) regenerators during the heating period. Using sCO₂ as a working fluid flow could significantly influence in contrast to space constraints. This research highlights the importance of sCO₂ flow in improving the efficiency of solar dish Stirling engines, crucial for optimising sustainable solar power generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"346 ","pages":"Article 120482"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient modeling and performance analysis of redox-targeted all-vanadium redox flow battery","authors":"Gequn Shu,&nbsp;Huilin Cao,&nbsp;Ziqin Yan,&nbsp;Weiguang Wang,&nbsp;Hua Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>All-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a large-scale energy storage technology with great development potential, but its progress is hindered by high costs and limited energy and power densities. Adding targeted materials to the tank is expected to increase capacity and reduce costs of VRFB. A transient mathematical model for redox-targeted all-vanadium redox flow battery (RT-VRFB) is established and verified under different current densities. The model combines electrolyte flow, fluid–solid targeting reaction and electrochemical reaction. The charge conservation, mass conservation and ion crossover are considered. The correlation analysis between multi-parameters and RT-VRFB performance shows that the current density has a negative effect on the performance of RT-VRFB, especially for the specific energy, and the volumetric fraction of targeted materials has a good positive effect. The reaction rate constant of the targeted reaction significantly affects the utilization rate of the targeted material at different vanadium concentrations. However, its impacts on specific energy and specific capacity diminish as the vanadium concentration increases. For 1.6 M commercial vanadium electrolyte, when volumetric fraction of targeted materials reaches 25 %, specific capacity and energy are increased by 22.9 % and 17.6 %. When the energy efficiency is 80 %, the main factor affecting the maximum current density is the internal resistance of RT-VRFB, followed by the reaction rate constant of targeted reaction and volumetric fraction of targeted materials. The maximum current density can be enhanced through parameter optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 120527"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic modeling and electro-thermal complementarity mechanism of nuclear cogeneration system coupling pressurized water reactor & high-temperature gas-cooled reactor","authors":"Zipeng Xu ,&nbsp;Yibo Tian ,&nbsp;Chao Cheng ,&nbsp;Dan Gao ,&nbsp;Heng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jizhen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid increase in renewable energy penetration, power grids face growing demands for flexible resources. Traditional nuclear power plants, limited by insufficient peak-shaving capability, struggle to meet flexibility requirements in high-renewable-penetration scenarios. This study develops and validates a nuclear cogeneration system model coupling pressurized water reactor and high-temperature gas-cooled reactor using Modelica language, proposes a coordinated control strategy for reactor-thermal-electric interactions. Dynamic characteristics under three typical operational modes—electric power regulation, thermal-power regulation, and thermo-electric coordination regulation—are simulated and analyzed. Comparative results demonstrate that the system exhibits multi-timescale coupled responses, with regulation times increasing in the order of electromechanical, pressure, and reactor dynamics. Despite the slow reactor response, fast and stable electric power regulation is achievable due to the buffering effect of the intermediate heating circuit on main steam pressure. Thermal power regulation exhibits weaker stability guarantees than electric power regulation. Under thermal-power regulation scenario, reactor power fluctuations peak over 160 MW (4.5 %Pe), while electric power and main steam pressure fluctuations are limited to 47 MW (3.9 %Pe) and 0.4 bar (0.6 %), respectively. In contrast, electric-power regulation scenario shows negligible state oscillations. The reactor-thermal-electric coordinated control strategy demonstrates strong electro-thermal complementarity: Reactor power variation and overshoot are reduced by 42 % and 55 %, respectively, while steam generator water level fluctuations decrease by 40 % (compared to electric-power regulation) and 64 % (compared to thermal-power regulation), significantly improving dynamic performance and stability during power regulation. This strategy provides a novel solution for nuclear power plants to support flexible grid operation in high-renewable-penetration scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 120570"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prediction of binary zeotropic mixtures in-tube flow condensation – A generalized non-equilibrium heat transfer model","authors":"Mohamed Shaaban Eissa ,&nbsp;Amr Kotb ,&nbsp;Liping Liu ,&nbsp;Sophie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the demand for environmentally friendly and high-performance refrigerants grows, accurate prediction of condensation heat transfer in binary zeotropic mixtures has become critical for the design of compact and efficient heat exchangers. In this study, a generalized non-equilibrium heat transfer model is developed to predict the condensation behavior of such mixtures under annular flow conditions. The model is based on film theory and incorporates mass transfer resistance induced by both axial and radial concentration gradients in the vapor phase. Unlike traditional models, it introduces two iterative correction mechanisms, interface temperature and equivalent heat flux applied across three thermal regions- the vapor core, the interface mixture, and the condensate layer. The framework incorporates a range of annular flow correlations to ensure flexibility and applicability across various binary blends. A key strength of the proposed model lies in its ability to track evolving temperature and concentration gradients throughout the condensation process, offering detailed insights into the thermal resistance mechanisms and composition shifts of the more volatile component. The model was validated against 871 experimental data points spanning multiple refrigerant pairs and operating conditions. Among the tested correlations, Shah (2009) exhibited the highest accuracy, with over 92 % of predictions within ± 30 % deviation from experimental data. Comparative analysis with existing pure fluid, equilibrium, and non-equilibrium models demonstrates the superior performance and generality of the proposed approach. The model provides a robust and practical tool for accurately predicting heat transfer coefficients in binary zeotropic mixtures, offering valuable guidance for the design of next-generation thermal systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 120562"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental evaluation of a combined power, cooling and steam generation system with biomass source and different gasification agents","authors":"Mohammad Mahdi Balakheli,&nbsp;Mahmood Mehregan,&nbsp;Seyed Majid Hashemian","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The need to provide a suitable alternative to fossil fuels is important for environmental protection and meeting energy demand. In the present study, the integration of a molten carbonate fuel cell with a biomass gasification unit and the utilization of different gasifying agents has been considered as an effective issue in a combined power, cooling and steam generation system. A gasification unit is employed to convert biomass wood into syngas using three different gasifying agents: air, oxygen, and steam. The study evaluates and compares the impact of these gasifying agents on system performance from energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental perspectives. The results reveal that the highest power output occurs when steam is used as the gasifying agent. Under this condition, the system achieves maximum energy and exergy efficiencies of approximately 72.07% and 45.13%, respectively. Additionally, the highest exergy destruction cost rate is recorded for the system using steam gasification, reaching 0.16 $/s. Meanwhile, the most significant environmental impact due to exergy destruction is observed in the system operating with steam gasification, with a value of 0.047 Pts/s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 120537"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A solar integrated adsorption carbon dioxide energy storage system","authors":"Suzhen Yin ,&nbsp;Xingpeng Yan ,&nbsp;Xintao Fu ,&nbsp;Zhan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intermittency and randomness of solar radiation result in unstable output power of photovoltaic and concentrated solar power generation systems, which limits their grid penetration rate. This study proposes a novel solar-integrated adsorption compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system. The newly proposed system realizes the efficient and coordinated storage of photovoltaic electrical energy and solar thermal energy. The system employs a diurnally complementary operation mechanism: storing energy via daytime carbon dioxide desorption and releasing energy through nighttime carbon dioxide adsorption. A comprehensive evaluation framework combining thermodynamic and economic analysis is employed to quantitatively assess the system performance. The research also delves into the critical parameters affecting the overall system. Based on the analysis results, the liquid carbon dioxide tank temperature and the high-pressure low temperature are suggested to be 26.5 ℃ and 46 ℃, respectively. The organic turbine inlet pressure is recommended to be set at 10 MPa. The power rating should be no less than 100 MW to fully utilize the scale benefits of the system. Under the typical operating conditions, the system round trip efficiency and exergy efficiency can reach 70.06 % and 69.60 %, respectively. The cost of the adsorption bed amounts to 46.77 % of the overall investment cost. The levelized cost of storage is 0.1425 ¥/kWh and the dynamic payback period is 5.74 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 120573"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Driven Evaporation-induced Electricity Generation from Soil: An Experimental Investigation","authors":"Mohammad Derayatifar ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mustafa Ghafurian ,&nbsp;Golsa Shahini ,&nbsp;Saba Banaian ,&nbsp;Ahmad Arabkoohsar ,&nbsp;Hamid Niazmand","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One effective approach to achieving sustainable energy solutions is the generation of power through solar evaporation-induced water flow from natural materials. This study experimentally investigates electricity generation through solar evaporation-induced water flow and soil. Firstly, a wide range of experimental analyses is conducted on soil samples from various classifications. Then, the intrinsic properties of soil, including light absorption, porosity, contact angle, permeability, and microporous channels, are measured. Among all the samples, Mashhad soil (classified as SM silty sand under the Unified Soil Classification System) showed the best performance, achieving a maximum evaporation efficiency of 83.4 % and an open-circuit voltage of 205 millivolts. To improve light absorption leading to increased evaporation rates and voltage generation, a combination of soil and activated carbon was examined. The results reveal that a 50/50 wt. ratio of soil to activated carbon increases the evaporation efficiency to 92 % and achieves a maximum power density of 0.21 mW·m⁻² under 1 kW·m⁻² during a closed-circuit test. These findings highlight that a soil–activated carbon composite can serve as a simple yet effective method for large-scale energy conversion from solar radiation and rainfall.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 120549"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}