Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"Short-term PV-Wind forecasting of large-scale regional site clusters based on FCM clustering and hybrid Inception-ResNet embedded with Informer","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to cope with the challenge that the high proportion of new energy generation for the stable operation of the power grid, this paper proposes an innovative short-term power forecasting model for regional site clusters based on fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering and hybrid Inception-ResNet deep neural network embedded with Informer. Firstly, multiple wind farms and photovoltaic sites are clustered into different groups for popular clustering prediction owing to FCM clustering algorithm. Secondly, numerous strong factors are selected based on the combination of the linear and nonlinear correlation analysis between the variables and power generation. Furthermore, the improved gray wolf algorithm (GWO) can determine the optimal parameters of deep network model and the Informer and Inception are integrated which is fairly advanced to capture temporal relationship and potent feature extraction. Finally, the wind and photovoltaic dataset in western China is employed to verify our model and the results demonstrate that ours outperforms other algorithms with 5.400% and 4.200% higher R2 and 2.525% and 2.090% lower MAPE in the wind and solar forecasting, which simultaneously improves the accuracy and efficiency of prediction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142137352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable development of energy, water and environment systems as a key opportunity for decarbonisation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Visionary action for integrating across systems towards decarbonisation is a crucial need for better respecting the life-support systems of the planet and providing benefits for humanity. Upholding this guiding vision, the 18th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems has provided new insights to inform an integrated approach for mitigating climate change. The thematic review of this editorial contextualises the main scientific findings of the 24 original research articles in this special issue across important opportunities within the scope of six themes. Accelerating the transition to renewable energy is supported by new advances for enabling large-scale electrification effectively and layouts for decarbonisation in renewable energy communities. Energy affordability and access to clean energy with a view of energy poverty and pathways for defossiling with electricity based chemicals are among other advances. Optimisation of the energy-water nexus receives new insight from transitioning energy use in ports, including through marine energy, cleaner maritime transport and shipping vessels, and plasma gasification of wastewater treatment residues. Cross-sectoral integration with green hydrogen involves power-to-gas systems, polygeneration from lignocellulosic biomass, and optimised hydrogen supply chains and components. Innovations in energy storage and applications span solar photovoltaic systems with hybrid energy storage, cooling for optimised and extended battery performance, and new energy storage designs for sector coupling. Upgrading and circularity in energy and materials based on hydrothermal carbonisation of organic residues, upgrading processes for bio-aviation fuels, and advances in pyrolysis for fossil fuel replacement are other advances, alongside those in heat transfer and technologies. These advances provide critical insights in a time that calls for an important turning point for tripling global renewable power capacity and doubling the energy efficiency improvement rate by 2030. An effective energy transition that is faster, reaches higher, and can strengthen implementation by being stronger together requires insights from research findings to inform climate mitigation action.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic assessment of gasoline production from Fe-assisted lignocellulosic biomass hydrothermal liquefaction process with minimized waste stream","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Techno-economic analyses were conducted on an iron-assisted hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process for converting lignocellulosic biomass into gasoline, comparing two approaches for minimizing by-product streams. The primary difference between the two approaches lies in their hydrogen (H₂) source for upgrading bio-crude to bio-gasoline. Scheme 1 utilizes residual water-soluble and gaseous compounds from the process to generate the H₂ needed for upgrading. Scheme 2, on the other hand, converts these waste streams into heat to supply part of the required energy, while external H₂ from steam methane reforming (with or without CO₂ capture) or water electrolysis (green hydrogen) is used for upgrading. Both schemes use pinewood and red mud as feedstocks. Red mud, after the reduction of Fe₂O₃ to metallic iron, is employed in the HTL reactor as a hydrogen producer, enhancing both the yield and quality of the bio-crude while minimizing the H₂ consumption in the upgrading unit. The HTL reactor was modeled based on optimal operating conditions experimentally determined while sensitivity analyses were performed on the other scheme’s units to determine their optimal conditions. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was also conducted to measure the environmental impact of the two scenarios.</p><p>Both schemes produce 459 tonnes of gasoline equivalent per day, consuming 33 tonnes of H₂. Scheme 2 achieves a minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of $0.94 per liter of gasoline equivalent (LGE), with methane reforming and CO₂ capture providing the lowest emissions (1.13 kg CO₂-Eq per kg of LGE). Scheme 1 has a slightly higher MFSP of $0.96 per LGE but is more environmentally sustainable, with a LCA showing 1.11 kg CO₂-Eq per kg of LGE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890424009233/pdfft?md5=2107223e53012bd7422f955a269d0fa8&pid=1-s2.0-S0196890424009233-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-economic analysis of the integration of an innovative particle-based concentrating solar power system with a thermally driven cooling system","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stand-alone solar cooling technologies are under development and cannot compete economically with conventional cooling systems. Integration of particle-based concentrating solar power (PBCSP) systems with thermally driven cooling systems can provide an advantage over stand-alone solar cooling systems by providing low-cost, eco-friendly electricity and cooling energy. Consequently, this research proposes to investigate and identify the best configuration for the integrated system deployment to provide electricity and cooling energy in Tabuk province in Saudi Arabia and evaluate the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for the particle-based concentrating solar power and the levelized cost of cooling (LCOC) for the thermally driven cooling systems. Tower height and receiver dimensions of the particle-based concentrating solar power are found by performing techno-economic optimization in SolarPILOT^TM and SAM^TM. The performance of the particle-based concentrating solar power block and the thermally driven cooling systems is evaluated by simulating the thermodynamic model in EES^TM. These models are validated by the manufacturers’ datasheets. Cost models are defined to be used in the economic analysis. The exhaust gas double-effect absorption chiller (EGDEAC) is selected as the thermally driven cooling system. The result of thermodynamic performance analysis shows the particle-based concentrating solar power has an annual electricity production of 191 TWh from solar energy alone, with the power block exhaust having an average flow rate of 386 Mg/h and an average yearly exhaust temperature of 378◦C. On the other hand, the exhaust gas double-effect absorption chiller produces an annual cooling energy of 97,461,948 TR-h with an average COP of 1.456. The economic results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves a levelized cost of electricity, and levelized cost of cooling of 6.08 ¢/kWh and 3.77 ¢/TR-h, respectively. When this levelized cost of cooling is compared with the conventional mechanical vapor compression (MVC) cooling system, the result shows that the exhaust gas double-effect absorption chiller is competitive and has one-third of the levelized cost of cooling of mechanical vapor compression. The sensitivity analysis was also made on related influencing factors for the levelized cost of cooling. The analysis shows that the levelized cost of cooling of exhaust gas double-effect absorption chiller is sensitive to the amount of the output cooling energy and the total system cost.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opto-electrical study of 4T perovskite-chalcogenide tandem solar cell with the addition of quasi-2D perovskite as capping layer of 3D perovskite layer","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a four-terminal (4T) perovskite-chalcogenide tandem solar cell (TSC) that includes quasi-2D perovskite material in the top sub-cell in order to provide a stable structure, and the bottom sub-cell contains Zn(O,S,OH) material to provide a nontoxic buffer layer. First, a reference TSC with a total power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.48% is modeled, using <span><math><mrow><mi>MA</mi><msub><mrow><mi>PbI</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> and CIGSSe as 3D perovskite and chalcogenide absorber layers (ALs), respectively. Next, two structures are designed to produce a stable SC using the Ruddlesden Popper (RP) quasi-2D perovskite materials, which have the chemical formula <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>BA</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>MA</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>Pb</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mi>m</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mi>m</mi></math></span> = 2–5. The initial structure uses quasi-2D perovskites in place of the 3D perovskite AL. According to the results, <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>BA</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mi>MA</mi><msub><mrow><mi>Pb</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>7</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> represents the maximum PCE of 16.00%, 10.48% less than previously. This is caused by quasi-2D materials’ high Eg and low carrier mobility. In the second structure, 3D perovskite AL is capped with the quasi-2D perovskites. In terms of attaining maximum PCE, the optimal TSC is found for <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>BA</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>MA</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>Pb</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>13</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> with a PCE of 25.80%. Compared to the initial structure, this one’s PCE increased by 61.25%. In order to boost PCE, a 80 nm-thick anti-reflection (AR) layer is added to the second structure, and the PCE increased to 27.48%. Therefore, the final TSC is proposed as a 4T quasi-2D/3D perovskite-chalcogenide TSC that is stable, and has nontoxic buffer layer, with 3.78% more PCE than the reference structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing anaerobic digestion Efficiency: A comprehensive review on innovative intensification technologies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an established technology that plays a crucial role in breaking down the organic compounds and biomass during the sludge treatment processes. However, there are multiple challenges associated with the application of AD on different feedstocks and under various operational conditions. The AD process is highly sensitive to operational conditions (e.g., temperature and pH) with relatively slow reactions rates especially during the hydrolysis and methanogenesis stages. These limitations can significantly affect the performance of anaerobic digesters and the biogas production rate. Therefore, various intensification technologies were proposed and investigated in the literature to upgrade the biogas production and yield as well as enhancing the removal of organics and biomass during the sludge treatment processes. Although different review studies have examined some of these intensification technologies such as physical and chemical pretreatment techniques, limited studies have focused on reviewing the innovative intensification technologies, such as microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) and micro-aeration, in AD applications. Moreover, there are no systematic investigations that compared the performance, mechanisms, advantages, and challenges of these innovative technologies to draw strong conclusions about the applicability of each technology with different wastes, feedstocks, and operation conditions. In addition, the quantification of possible integration of these technologies with the current infrastructure and the technology readiness level were not well-investigated in literature. Therefore, in the current study, seven different innovative intensification technologies were reviewed including MEC-assisted AD, conductive functional materials, micro-aeration, anaerobic membrane bioreactors, hydrogen injection, IntensiCarb, and microbial hydrolysis process using <em>Caldicellulosiruptor bescii</em>. A detailed description of these technologies for increasing biogas yields was presented, with a special focus on the performance, reliability, efficiency gains, and applicability of each technology. The major insights of this review can serve as a reference for the potential intensification technologies that can be integrated with existing AD systems for enhanced biogas production and removal of organics and biomass.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890424009208/pdfft?md5=3823e812bc9b8dd0930ee1c8fafcd7b9&pid=1-s2.0-S0196890424009208-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel cryogenic-thermochemical approach for clean hydrogen production from industrial flue gas streams with carbon capture and storage","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present work aims to develop a novel integrated energy system for clean hydrogen production from the industrial flue gas stream. The particular system incorporates a cryogenic distillation unit for H₂S and CO₂ separation and a thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production. The industrial flue gaseous mixture is considered a major feedstock for the present system. H₂S is retrieved from the waste gaseous stream and fed to the two-step sulfur looping thermochemical cycle to perform clean hydrogen production. In this way, clean hydrogen production, elemental sulfur production, carbon capture, and storage are achieved. The entire integrated energy system is simulated in the Aspen Plus process simulator and is investigated thermodynamically in terms of energy and exergy performances. Various parametric studies are conducted to assess the significance of operating parameters on the system performance. The H₂S and CO₂ removal rates from the waste feed stream are found to be 85.55 % and 84.62 %. The H₂S conversion into hydrogen is determined to be 66.67 %. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the two-step thermochemical cycle are found to be 53.93 % and 23.69 %, respectively. The parametric studies show that the hydrogen production rates of 3.63 kmol/h, 2.46 kmol/h, and 1.78 kmol/h are achieved at sulfurization temperatures of 200 °C, 300 °C, and 500 °C, respectively. The study further concludes that 44.60 % of the total input exergy is lost due to the presence of irreversibilities within the system. The overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the integrated energy system are found to be 82.99 % and 55.39 %, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890424008963/pdfft?md5=60b2717c634450c0f7739de16e50c5a2&pid=1-s2.0-S0196890424008963-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting the Achievement of wastewater treatment by microalgae-based co-culture systems: From interactions mechanisms to pollution control performance","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Efficient wastewater treatment methods have been the focus and hotspot of research. Microalgae-based co-culture systems (MBSs) is regarded as a promising wastewater treatment technology due to its low economic cost, high pollutant removal efficiency, high biomass yield and environmental friendliness. However, the research summaries on the interaction mechanisms among microorganisms, pollutant removal mechanisms, and related influencing factors in MBSs are not sufficiently clear to achieve the scale-up development of MBSs. The review revealed that microorganisms in MBSs interact through O₂-CO₂ exchange, metabolite exchange, and production of EPS to realize symbiosis and remove pollutants from wastewater through biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation. Light conditions, temperature, and inoculum ratio are the main factors affecting the wastewater treatment performance of MBSs. In addition, MBSs can convert nutrients (particularly nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P) in wastewater into microalgal biomass, and further processed microalgal biomass can be converted into biofuel, which is a potential source of renewable energy. By analyzing the potential application of MBSs, MBSs are feasible in terms of pollutant removal, biomass production and reduction of economic costs. Prospects are presented for the challenges and future development of MBSs in order to increase the potential of MBSs for scale-up.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper/ cerium metal organic frame work as highly efficient structures for solar power-induced hydrogen generation through the process of water splitting","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increased dependence on fossil fuels as energy sources strongly contributes in both global warming and environmental pollution, leading to serious impacts on human-beings and societies. Therefore, shift from hydrocarbon-based energy to alternative green, sustainable and renewable sources of energy has been globally stimulated in past decades. In an agreement with this context, hydrogen is counted as one of these sources which has been paid strong attention recently due to its high energy content and no harmful emissions. Consequently, this study introduces production of clean green hydrogen through the process of photocatalytic water splitting which is a cost-effective route and releases zero emissions. A series of copper/ or cerium based metal–organic frameworks were successfully prepared via one-pot solvothermal technique and were presented as three novel photocatalysts for hydrogen production from water. The photocatalytic performances of these structures were investigated under visible light irradiation, revealing the highest activity for copper doped cerium metal–organic framework. It exhibited a maximum pure hydrogen productivity of 465 mmol per hour/ gram which was much higher than those the detected productivity by copper and cerium metal–organic frameworks (289 and 375 mmol per hour/ gram respectively). Heterojunction between the two central metals as well as effective charge separation in copper doped cerium metal–organic framework are reasons of its superiority in hydrogen evolution exploit, compared to the other two structures. The recyclability of copper doped cerium metal–organic framework demonstrated high reliability since it showed nearly stable yields of hydrogen over ten cycles of photocatalytic reuse. Therefore, the presented binary metals organic framework establishes new platform for photocatalysts in process of hydrogen production through water splitting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault diagnosis of photovoltaic array with multi-module fusion under hyperparameter optimization","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photovoltaic (PV) arrays’ random and intermittent output characteristics impact power system safety. To improve the performance of the PV array fault diagnosis model, a novel online fault monitoring technique is introduced. (1) Fault diagnostic model construction: Significant differences in PV arrays’ I-V and P-V curves under various fault conditions led to constructing a 3D channel feature map based on I, V, and P features. (2) Multi-source information fusion network (MSIFN): this multi-module fusion model includes a time–frequency domain fusion module (TDFM), a multi-feature shuffle expansion convolution module (MSECM), a parameter-free parallel hybrid attention enhancement module, and a multi-scale mixed pooling fusion classification module (MMPCM). (3) Multi-strategy fusion whale optimization algorithm (MSFWOA): addressing the original WOA’s deficiencies, we designed time control, parameter modification, and greedy control strategies based on lens imaging to optimize MSIFN’s hyper-parameters. Experimental results show that the MSFWOA-MSIFN model excels in PV array fault diagnosis (<span><math><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>accuracy</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>=<span><math><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>precision</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>=<span><math><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>recall</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> = 99.92 %). In three types of noise experiments with 15 dB, 25 dB, and 30 dB, the average performance index remained above 99 %. In practical experiments, the average performance indices were<span><math><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>accuracy</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> = 97.53 %, <span><math><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>precision</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> = 97.32 %, and<span><math><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>recall</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> = 97.41 %, further demonstrating its excellent diagnostic performance. This model effectively diagnoses various faults in PV arrays, providing scientific and theoretical support for PV system operations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}