Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic characteristics of Coal-Fired power units coupled with carbon capture systems using an optimized off-design operation algorithm","authors":"Lihua Cao,&nbsp;Yaoli Wang,&nbsp;Heyong Si,&nbsp;Yujie Cui,&nbsp;Taolue Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the dynamic characteristics of ultra-supercritical double-reheat coal-fired power units (CFPU) coupled with carbon capture system (CCS) under variable operating conditions (from 50% THA to 100% THA), a dynamic mathematical model of the CFPU-CCS was developed. The optimized off-design operation algorithm for the steam turbine was proposed to establish a bidirectional coupling relationship of energy and mass between the CFPU and CCS. The thermodynamic parameters of the steam turbine flow section and regenerative system influenced by carbon capture were obtained. The coupling variation of CFPU-CCS with different dynamic step signals was revealed. Results show that the optimized algorithm enhances thermodynamic calculation accuracy. A bidirectional coupling effect exists between the thermodynamic process of the CFPU and the CCS, which alters the distribution of extraction parameters and exhibits dynamic changes. Switching the steam source causes the extraction steam flow rates of stages 5 to 10 that are opposite to those in the high-load range. The flow rate gain and temperature drop of stage 3 extraction steam increase. The CCS exhibits sensitivity to step changes. The response is slow but stable at high load, and rapid but volatile at low load. The response time to fuel quantity step is the longest, approximately 600 to 800 s. The response time to feedwater flow rate step is 550 to 700 s. The response time to valve step is the shortest, around 500 to 600 s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 121213"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative biomass-driven pathways for green ammonia and urea production with integration of carbon capture","authors":"Dogan Erdemir,&nbsp;Ibrahim Dincer","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urea and ammonia are vital fertilizers traditionally produced via the fossil-fuel-intensive Haber-Bosch process, which accounts for significant global carbon dioxide emissions. Transitioning to green ammonia and urea production is essential for sustainable agriculture and meeting the climate goals through the integration of renewable energy and carbon capturing technologies. This study investigates the feasibility of a biomass-driven system to achieve carbon–neutral synthesis while addressing the challenge of significant elemental variability in biomass feedstocks. A thermodynamic analysis is performed on 86 different biomass sources to evaluate an integrated system comprising oxy-combustion power generation, carbon capture, ammonia synthesis, and urea production across two distinct operational modes: a self-sufficient mode, and an hybrid mode that uses external energy to utilize all remaining carbon dioxide. In self-sufficient mode, the system produces a constant 118.7 kg of urea per 1 MWh of electricity using a median of 4.8 tons of feedstock, while the hybrid mode utilizes remaining carbon to produce an additional 1.25 tons of urea at a massive energy cost of 16,100 kWh. The findings demonstrate that while the system is technically viable, its economic feasibility is critically dependent on securing off-peak electricity rates of approximately $0.039/kWh to bring production costs in line with global market benchmarks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121099"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal big data-driven suitability assessment and high-efficiency utilization of renewable electricity consumption in China","authors":"Haizhi Luo ,&nbsp;Yuanji Li ,&nbsp;Yiwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Gao ,&nbsp;Zhengguang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangzhao Meng ,&nbsp;Xiaohu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable energy is a central solution to the global energy crisis and climate change. Therefore, systematically identifying the drivers of its consumption is essential for advancing regional sustainable development. This study constructed an integrated model linking renewable energy consumption to both socioeconomic and natural environmental factors, quantified their nonlinear influences, delineated the marginal effect trajectories of key variables, and identified critical thresholds that promote renewable energy adoption. Taking China, the world’s largest energy consumer, as a case study, this study developed a high-resolution atlas of renewable energy consumption potential, characterizing spatiotemporal patterns at the third-level administrative scale and identifying key hotspots with high development potential. Key insights include: (1) As a spatially widespread resource, solar energy consumption is closely tied to local integration capacity. Uptake rises sharply once the density of industrial facilities exceeds 2.3 facilities/km² and residential facility density reaches 22.0 facilities/km²; (2) As a locally dependent resource, wind power is primarily driven by regional natural endowments such as wind speed, humidity, and annual precipitation. These factors exert significant positive effects once their respective thresholds are reached; (3) Hydropower consumption, which has both local and widespread characteristics, is highly dependent on facility density and resource endowments. Annual precipitation of 898 mm and a service facility density of 10.4 facilities/km² can effectively support local hydropower development; (4) This study developed a nationwide renewable energy consumption potential map at 250-meter resolution, which can provide strategic guidance for the system deployment and precise planning of solar, wind, and hydropower.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 120982"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future energy management of port microgrids considering dual fuel engines and On-Shore Power Supply","authors":"Sina Saeedi,&nbsp;Hossein Aghamohammadloo,&nbsp;Juha Haakana,&nbsp;Jukka Lassila","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, port energy management and emission reduction have become increasingly critical challenges for many ports. The development of port microgrids has addressed this issue partially; however, vessel emissions while at berth are still considered a problem that needs to be mitigated. One suggested solution for this issue is to employ an On-Shore Power Supply (OPS) system, also known as cold ironing, which allows vessels to get connected to the port’s electrical network rather than relying on marine fuels like Very Low Sulfur Fuel Oil (VLSFO) or Marine Gas Oil (MGO). As vessel traffic increases and most ships continue to run on conventional marine fuels, OPS can provide a direct method to decrease vessels’ emissions. Another alternative solution is shifting to cleaner fuels for vessel consumption, such as Liquid Natural Gas (LNG). This transition requires vessels to be equipped with dual fuel engines, capable of switching between two types of fuels. Therefore, developing an OPS system or installing dual fuel engines are considered two possible options for future ports. In this study, two optimization frameworks are developed to evaluate and compare the port and vessels daily operation using OPS systems and dual fuel engines. This comparison is conducted from both economic and environmental perspectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121053"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and simulation of hydrogen production in a PEM water electrolyzer at high current densities","authors":"Vishnu Swaroopji Masampally ,&nbsp;Kishalay Mitra ,&nbsp;Venkataramana Runkana","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Development of high-performance Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers is important for scalable green hydrogen production. The electrolyzers are expected to operate at current densities above 6 A cm⁻², pressures exceeding 30 bar, and attain stack efficiencies greater than 80% for the process to be economically feasible. Existing mathematical models of PEM water electrolyzers do not predict the key performance indicators (KPIs) accurately for these conditions. A comprehensive modeling framework is presented here, combining transport of species and all relevant electrochemical phenomena to predict the KPIs of the electrolyzer. Unlike previous models that assumed a linear relation between cathodic mass transfer coefficient and current density, a novel correlation that accurately captures the non-monotonic dependence of the cathodic mass transfer coefficient on current density and pressure is incorporated in the current model. Similarly, nonlinear, pressure-dependent expressions for partial pressures of species (H₂O, O₂, H₂) at the membrane interface are introduced in the species balances. As a result, the present model can overcome the limitations of the previous models. The proposed model was tested with six different sets of published experimental data and found to be accurate for current densities up to 10 A cm⁻², pressures up to 31 bar and gas diffusion layer (GDL) compressions up to 90 μm. Additionally, the present model can predict the anodic hydrogen content with an accuracy of ±6%. Simulation results indicated that increased GDL compression generally reduces ohmic resistance, while increasing cathode pressure typically lowers overpotentials. Anodic hydrogen content is notably high at low current densities and elevated cathode pressures, whereas low GDL compression and pressure generally yield high Faraday efficiency by mitigating gas crossover.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121110"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-carbon and flexible energy hub operation through carbon capture, utilization, and storage, INVELOX wind technology, and demand response strategies","authors":"Mehdi Akbarpour ,&nbsp;Amir Abdollahi ,&nbsp;Mehran Abdali ,&nbsp;Mahdi Vosoogh ,&nbsp;Mehdi Shafiee","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an optimal operational framework for a flexibility-based energy hub management system (FBEH-EMS) that explicitly accounts for uncertainties in renewable energy sources (RESs) and demand profiles. The framework aims to enhance flexibility, minimize operating costs, and reduce emissions in energy hubs (EHs). On the supply side, gas-fired power plants and storage units are modeled as the primary flexibility providers. A quantitative system flexibility index (SFI) is developed, incorporating both the maximum available capacity and the dynamic response times of electrical and thermal units. The proposed EH integrates advanced technologies such as carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), photovoltaic (PV) panels, INVELOX wind turbines (IWTs), compressed air energy storage (CAES), photothermal (PT) units, electrical heat pumps (EHPs), combined heat and power (CHP) systems, power-to-gas (P2G), and electric vehicles (EVs). On the demand side, demand response programs (DRPs)—particularly time-of-use (TOU) pricing—are employed to facilitate load shifting and mitigate energy not supplied (ENS). To address the multi-objective problem of minimizing costs, emissions, and ENS while maximizing flexibility, a hybrid Bald Eagle Search–Mutant Grey Wolf Optimization (hBES-MGWO) algorithm is implemented. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves up to a 27.2% reduction in operating costs, a 91.2% decrease in emissions, and a 169.7% (2.88-fold) improvement in flexibility, confirming its effectiveness in achieving sustainable, low-carbon EH operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 120975"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic simulation of a solar based organic Rankine cycle for working fluid selection in a hybrid microgrid: a location-based performance assessment","authors":"Dumebi M. Nwajei,&nbsp;Keyvan Bahlouli","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid Renewable energy Systems (HRES) increasingly rely on coordinated renewable energy sources and energy storage technologies to deliver reliable, low-carbon power. This study presents a full year dynamic simulation of a Parabolic Trough Collector–Thermal Energy Storage–Organic Rankine Cycle (PTC-TES-ORC) subsystem and evaluates its integration into a hybrid microgrid consisting photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), diesel generator (DG) and battery energy storage (BES). A location-based assessment is conducted to examine the techno-economic performance of ORC working fluid in three distinct solar regions: Istanbul (moderate), Gonyeli (high) and Malha (very high) to determine how climatic conditions influence thermodynamic performance, annual energy output and overall feasibility. A comprehensive dynamic analysis was performed on a one-dimensional PTC with three sizes, a three-layer stratified thermal storage tank (TES) and ORC to determine the annual electricity output using MATLAB. The annual electricity output was integrated with other microgrid components and optimized for lowest cost of energy (COE) in HOMER Pro software. The lowest COE in Istanbul was 0.368 $/kWh for the PV-DG-BES and 0.389 $/kWh for PV-ORC-DG-BES using toluene and benzene with two collectors. In Gonyeli, the lowest cost for the PV-DG-BES was 0.334 $/kWh and the PV-ORC-DG-BES was 0.335 $/kWh for heptane and benzene with two collectors. In Malha, the PV-ORC-DG-BES had the lowest cost for benzene (0.293 $/kWh) and nonane (0.294 $/kWh) with two collectors. The maximum renewable fraction for Istanbul, Gonyeli and Malha were 51.9 %, 67.3 % and 90.8 % respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of PTC-TES-ORC integration to improve renewable energy utilization and matching ORC working fluids to local solar resources for cost effective and sustainable power generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121061"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refinery-based CO2 conversion to ethanol: Techno-economic-environmental assessments into carbon-reducing blending fuel systems","authors":"Minseong Park,&nbsp;Dong Hyun Lee,&nbsp;Jong Wook Bae,&nbsp;Jiyong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes and evaluates a thermocatalytic CO₂-to-ethanol (C2E) system designed to mitigate refinery emissions while enabling on-site blending with gasoline. In this concept, CO₂ from combustion and distillation units is captured and catalytically converted to ethanol via methanol- and syngas-based pathways integrated into refinery operations. Techno-economic analysis shows that the leading configuration achieves ethanol-blended fuel price of $2.93/GGE for E10, $2.79/GGE for E20, and $1.92/GGE for E85, all comparable to or below market benchmarks, demonstrating clear cost competitiveness across blending levels. Carbon intensity assessment further indicates that the most efficient C2E pathways exhibit carbon intensities below 92–93 g CO_2-eq./MJ for E10–E20 and 115 g CO_2-eq./MJ for E85 lower not only than gasoline but also than conventional ethanol-blended fuels. Sensitivity and major parameter correlation analyses reveal that process competitiveness is primarily influenced by hydrogen feedstock costs and quantify how variations in carbon tax and gasoline price affect ethanol production cost and optimal blending ratios. System impact analysis further quantifies the potential emission reductions achievable through large-scale C2E deployment across major ethanol-consuming regions. These findings highlight the potential of C2E technology to serve as an economically viable and environmentally advantageous pathway for decarbonizing liquid fuel systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121057"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A wind tunnel study on multi-scale wake dynamics of a floating wind turbine under individual and coupled heave and pitch motions","authors":"Shuanglong Fan ,&nbsp;Zhenqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Floating offshore wind turbines are a core technology for exploiting deep-sea wind energy. However, the complex influence of platform motion on wake dynamics remains a critical bottleneck limiting wind farm performance. This study systematically investigated the modulation mechanisms of heave and pitch motions, both in isolation and in combination, on the aerodynamic wake of a floating offshore wind turbine using wind tunnel testing. The results indicate that the impact of platform motion on time-averaged properties was localized, being dominated and homogenized by high background turbulence in the far field. Nevertheless, this influence exhibited duality in coherent structures: motion disrupted initial vortex structures in the near field, reducing the spatial correlation from 0.74 to approximately 0.63; however, in the far field, it increased the long-range correlation from 0.20 to 0.36 by exciting large-scale wake meandering. Modal analysis further revealed the origin of this multi-scale effect. In coupled motion, heave dominated the first wake mode (macroscopic dynamics), while pitch governed higher-order modes (fine-scale internal structures). This mechanism of scale-specific roles, where different motion modes operate at distinct scales, provides a novel framework for understanding wake evolution in floating wind turbines under complex motions and has important implications for the optimal design and control of future wind farms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121104"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of TPEE@PEG1500/EG flexible composite phase change materials and thermal response for thermal management of batteries","authors":"Xin Xiao ,&nbsp;Mengting Yao ,&nbsp;Yiqi Xu ,&nbsp;Guohao Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuanjin Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase change materials (PCMs) have become a research hotspot in the thermal management of batteries, which have the characteristics of high latent heat and low cost, but low thermal conductivity, poor mechanical properties, large contact thermal resistance and easy leakage. In the present study, a novel flexible composite PCM, thermoplastic polyester elastomer/polyethylene glycol 1500 with expanded graphite composite (TPEE@PEG1500/EG), was proposed and fabricated for thermal management of lithium-ion battery module to achieve efficient thermal regulation and excellent mechanical flexibility. PEG1500 with a latent heat of approximately 160 kJ/kg was used as the primary phase change material. EG at 5 wt% was incorporated to enhance the thermal conductivity, and TPEE at 5–20 wt% was introduced to improve the flexibility. The microstructure, phase change properties, thermal conductivity, flexibility, and thermal stability of the composites with varying TPEE contents were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the composite containing 20 wt% TPEE (PET20) exhibits a latent heat of 118 kJ/kg, a melting temperature of 43.95 °C and a low supercooling degree of 1.48 °C, while maintaining good thermal reliability after 100 heating–cooling cycles. Owing to partial disruption of the EG thermal conduction network, the thermal conductivity of PET20 decreases to 1.34 W/(m·K) at 10 °C and 1.25 W/(m·K) at 30 °C, which remains sufficient for battery heat dissipation. Meanwhile, excellent mechanical flexibility is achieved, with PET20 sustaining nearly 180° bending at both room temperature and 45 °C without fracture. Battery module experiments under 3C charge–discharge conditions demonstrate that the flexible composite PCM significantly improves the thermal management performance. Compared with pure PEG1500, the PET20-filled module exhibits a reduced temperature rise rate remarkably, maintains the maximum temperature below 45 °C, and enables nearly seven charge–discharge cycles before reaching the temperature threshold, whereas pure PEG1500 allows only three cycles. In addition, the maximum temperature difference is reduced to 3.55–5.08 °C, indicating the improvement of temperature uniformity. The flexible composite PCM developed in the present study combines high latent heat storage capacity, excellent flexibility, and effective thermal regulation performance, while simultaneously enhancing the thermal management and improving the resistance to impact and collision of battery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 121044"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}