EFSA Journal最新文献

{"title":"Re-evaluation of citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472c) as a food additive in foods for infants below 16 weeks of age and follow-up of its re-evaluation","authors":"EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF),&nbsp;Laurence Castle,&nbsp;Monica Andreassen,&nbsp;Gabriele Aquilina,&nbsp;Maria Lourdes Bastos,&nbsp;Polly Boon,&nbsp;Biagio Fallico,&nbsp;Reginald FitzGerald,&nbsp;Maria Jose Frutos Fernandez,&nbsp;Bettina Grasl-Kraupp,&nbsp;Ursula Gundert-Remy,&nbsp;Rainer Gürtler,&nbsp;Eric Houdeau,&nbsp;Marcin Kurek,&nbsp;Henriqueta Louro,&nbsp;Sabina Passamonti,&nbsp;Detlef Wölfle,&nbsp;Birgit Dusemund,&nbsp;Dominique Turck,&nbsp;Stefania Barmaz,&nbsp;Alexandra Tard,&nbsp;Ana Maria Rincon","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9202","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9202","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472c) was re-evaluated in 2020 by the Food Additives and Flavourings Panel (FAF Panel) along with acetic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, mono- and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a,b,d,e,f). As a follow-up to this assessment, the FAF Panel was requested to assess the safety of citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472c) for its use as food additive in food for infants below 16 weeks of age belonging to food categories (FCs) 13.1.1 (Infant formulae as defined by Directive 2006/141/EC) and 13.1.5.1 (Dietary foods for infants for special medical purposes and special formulae for infants). In addition, the FAF Panel was requested to address the recommendation of the re-evaluation of E 472c as a food additive to update the EU specifications in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012. For this, a call for data was published to allow interested partied to provide the requested information for a risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the technical data provided by the interested business operators support an amendment of the EU specifications for E 472c. Regarding the safety of the use of E 472c in food for infants below 16 weeks of age, the Panel concluded that there is no safety concern from its use at the reported use levels and at the maximum permitted levels in food for infants below 16 weeks of age (FCs 13.1.1 and 13.1.5.1).</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance phosphine","authors":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA),&nbsp;Fernando Álvarez,&nbsp;Maria Arena,&nbsp;Domenica Auteri,&nbsp;Sofia Batista Leite,&nbsp;Marco Binaglia,&nbsp;Anna Federica Castoldi,&nbsp;Arianna Chiusolo,&nbsp;Angelo Colagiorgi,&nbsp;Mathilde Colas,&nbsp;Federica Crivellente,&nbsp;Chloe De Lentdecker,&nbsp;Isabella De Magistris,&nbsp;Mark Egsmose,&nbsp;Gabriella Fait,&nbsp;Franco Ferilli,&nbsp;Monica Fittipaldi Broussarad,&nbsp;German Giner Santonja,&nbsp;Varvara Gouliarmou,&nbsp;Katrin Halling,&nbsp;Alessio Ippolito,&nbsp;Frederique Istace,&nbsp;Samira Jarrah,&nbsp;Dimitra Kardassi,&nbsp;Aude Kienzler,&nbsp;Anna Lanzoni,&nbsp;Roberto Lava,&nbsp;Renata Leuschner,&nbsp;Alberto Linguadoca,&nbsp;Jochem Louisse,&nbsp;Christopher Lythgo,&nbsp;Oriol Magrans,&nbsp;Iris Mangas,&nbsp;Andrea Mioč,&nbsp;Ileana Miron,&nbsp;Tunde Molnar,&nbsp;Laura Padovani,&nbsp;Vincenzo Padricello,&nbsp;Martina Panzarea,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Parra Morte,&nbsp;Alexandra Piti,&nbsp;Simone Rizzuto,&nbsp;Anamarija Romac,&nbsp;Agnès Rortais,&nbsp;Miguel Santos,&nbsp;Rositsa Serafimova,&nbsp;Rachel Sharp,&nbsp;Csaba Szentes,&nbsp;Andrea Terron,&nbsp;Anne Theobald,&nbsp;Manuela Tiramani,&nbsp;Giorgia Vianello,&nbsp;Laura Villamar-Bouza","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9177","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Spain and co-rapporteur Member State Germany for the pesticide active substance phosphine are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of phosphine as a post-harvest indoor insecticide to control insects infesting stored grains (barley, oat, rye, wheat), cacao and coffee beans, tree nuts and oilseeds and dried fruit via gassing application (gas-tight rooms/container). The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of the terms of authorisation of the feed additive consisting of a preparation of canthaxanthin (CAROPHYLL® Red 10%) for breeder hens to include canthaxanthin produced with Yarrowia lipolytica CBS 146148 (DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.)","authors":"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP),&nbsp;Roberto Edoardo Villa,&nbsp;Giovanna Azimonti,&nbsp;Eleftherios Bonos,&nbsp;Henrik Christensen,&nbsp;Mojca Durjava,&nbsp;Birgit Dusemund,&nbsp;Ronette Gehring,&nbsp;Boet Glandorf,&nbsp;Maryline Kouba,&nbsp;Marta López-Alonso,&nbsp;Francesca Marcon,&nbsp;Carlo Nebbia,&nbsp;Alena Pechová,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto-Maradona,&nbsp;Ilen Röhe,&nbsp;Katerina Theodoridou,&nbsp;Maria Bastos,&nbsp;Georges Bories,&nbsp;Pier Sandro Cocconcelli,&nbsp;Fernando Ramos,&nbsp;Jaume Galobart,&nbsp;Orsolya Holczknecht,&nbsp;Paola Manini,&nbsp;Alberto Navarro Villa,&nbsp;Fabiola Pizzo,&nbsp;Anna Dioni,&nbsp;Maria Vittoria Vettori","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9133","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9133","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the proposed modification of the terms of the authorisation of the feed additive consisting of a preparation of canthaxanthin (CAROPHYLL® Red 10%), regarding the addition of a new production route, by the yeast <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> CBS 146148 and to modify the additive specifications by substituting ethoxyquin by 4.4% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and increasing the limit for dichloromethane to 80 mg/kg. The additive is already authorised as zootechnical feed additive for breeder hens. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded. CAROPHYLL® Red 10% containing canthaxanthin produced by fermentation with <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> CBS 146148 is safe for the target species, consumer and environment under the current authorised conditions of use for CAROPHYLL® Red 10%. Regarding user safety, canthaxanthin is not irritant to skin and eyes and unlikely to be a skin sensitiser. No conclusion can be reached on the respiratory sensitisation of canthaxanthin. In the absence of data with the additive CAROPHYLL® Red 10%, no conclusions can be reached regarding the safety of the additive for the user. CAROPHYLL® Red 10%, containing canthaxanthin produced by fermentation with <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> CBS 146148, is efficacious in breeder hens at 6 mg/kg complete feed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety assessment of the process NGR LSP used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials","authors":"EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials (FCM),&nbsp;Claude Lambré,&nbsp;Riccardo Crebelli,&nbsp;Maria de Silva,&nbsp;Koni Grob,&nbsp;Maria Rosaria Milana,&nbsp;Marja Pronk,&nbsp;Gilles Rivière,&nbsp;Mario Ščetar,&nbsp;Georgios Theodoridis,&nbsp;Els Van Hoeck,&nbsp;Nadia Waegeneers,&nbsp;Vincent Dudler,&nbsp;Constantine Papaspyrides,&nbsp;Maria de Fátima Tavares Poças,&nbsp;Daniele Comandella,&nbsp;Alexandros Lioupis,&nbsp;Evgenia Lampi","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9196","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9196","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials (FCM) assessed the safety of the recycling process NGR LSP (EU register number RECYC328). The input is hot washed and dried poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes mainly originating from collected post-consumer PET containers, with no more than 5% PET from non-food consumer applications. The flakes are dried (step 2), melted in an extruder (step 3) and decontaminated during a melt-state polycondensation step under high temperature and vacuum (step 4). In step 5, the material is granulated. Having examined the challenge test provided, the Panel concluded that the melt-state polycondensation (step 4) is critical in determining the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control the performance of step 4 are the pressure, the temperature, the residence time and the characteristics of the reactor. It was demonstrated that this recycling process ensures that the level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food is below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.0481 or 0.0962 μg/kg food, depending on the molar mass of a contaminant substance. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process is not of safety concern, when used at up to 100% for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs, including drinking water, for long-term storage at room temperature or below, with or without hot-fill. Articles made of this recycled PET are not intended to be used in microwave and conventional ovens and such uses are not covered by this evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian influenza overview September–December 2024","authors":"European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control,&nbsp;European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza,&nbsp;Leonidas Alexakis,&nbsp;Hubert Buczkowski,&nbsp;Mariette Ducatez,&nbsp;Alice Fusaro,&nbsp;Jose L. Gonzales,&nbsp;Thijs Kuiken,&nbsp;Karl Ståhl,&nbsp;Christoph Staubach,&nbsp;Olov Svartström,&nbsp;Calogero Terregino,&nbsp;Katriina Willgert,&nbsp;Miguel Melo,&nbsp;Lisa Kohnle","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9204","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9204","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Between 21 September and 6 December 2024, 657 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) and A(H5N5) virus detections were reported in domestic (341) and wild (316) birds across 27 countries in Europe. Many HPAI outbreaks in domestic birds were clustered in areas with high poultry density and characterised by secondary farm-to-farm spread. Waterfowl, particularly the mute swan, were primarily affected during this reporting period, with HPAI virus detections focused on south-eastern Europe. Notably, A(H5N5) viruses expanded their geographic and host range, resulting in a surge in detections and mortality events described in gulls and crows. No new HPAI virus detections in mammals were reported in Europe during this reporting period, but the number of dairy cattle farms reportedly affected in the United States of America (USA) rose to &gt;800 in 16 States, and HPAI virus was identified in two pigs in a mixed-species farm. Between 21 September and 11 December 2024, 56 new human cases with avian influenza virus infection were reported from North America (45 A(H5N1) cases), Viet Nam (one A(H5)) and China (ten A(H9N2) cases). Most of the A(H5) human cases in North America (95.6%, <i>n</i> = 43/45) had reported exposure to poultry, live poultry markets, or dairy cattle prior to avian influenza virus detection or onset of illness. Human infections with avian influenza viruses remain rare and no evidence of human-to-human transmission has been documented in the reporting period. The risk of infection with currently circulating avian A(H5) influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe remains low for the general public in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). The risk of infection remains low-to-moderate for those occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals or contaminated environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11719707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revised dietary exposure assessment of the food enzyme thrombin from cattle (bovines) and pig's blood","authors":"EFSA Panel on Food Enzymes (FEZ),&nbsp;Holger Zorn,&nbsp;José Manuel Barat Baviera,&nbsp;Claudia Bolognesi,&nbsp;Francesco Catania,&nbsp;Gabriele Gadermaier,&nbsp;Ralf Greiner,&nbsp;Baltasar Mayo,&nbsp;Alicja Mortensen,&nbsp;Yrjö Henrik Roos,&nbsp;Marize L. M. Solano,&nbsp;Monika Sramkova,&nbsp;Henk Van Loveren,&nbsp;Laurence Vernis,&nbsp;Daniele Cavanna,&nbsp;Giulio Di Piazza,&nbsp;Yi Liu","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9168","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The food enzyme thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5) is produced from cattle and pig's blood by Sonac. A safety evaluation of this food enzyme was made previously, in which EFSA concluded that, under the intended conditions of use, this food enzyme did not give rise to safety concerns. Due to the implementation of a new methodology to estimate the dietary exposure to food enzymes in 2016, the European Commission requested EFSA to revise the exposure assessment of this food enzyme by using this new methodology. In this assessment, EFSA realigned the intended uses of this food enzyme to the processing of meat and fish products for the production of modified meat and fish products. The dietary exposure was calculated to be below 0.0001 mg total organic solids/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. The intake of prothrombin (the precursor of thrombin) from animal blood in the diet of European population is also below 0.0001 mg/kg bw per day. Based on the origin of the food enzyme from edible parts of animals, the previous evaluation of the manufacturing process and the compositional data, and the comparable exposure estimation between the use of the food enzyme and its source, the Panel concluded that the food enzyme thrombin derived from cattle (bovine) and pig's blood does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11712102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pest categorisation of Lepidosaphes pistaciae","authors":"EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH),&nbsp;Antonio Vicent Civera,&nbsp;Paula Baptista,&nbsp;Anna Berlin,&nbsp;Elisavet Chatzivassiliou,&nbsp;Jaime Cubero,&nbsp;Nik Cunniffe,&nbsp;Eduardo de la Peña,&nbsp;Nicolas Desneux,&nbsp;Francesco Di Serio,&nbsp;Anna Filipiak,&nbsp;Paolo Gonthier,&nbsp;Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska,&nbsp;Hervé Jactel,&nbsp;Blanca B. Landa,&nbsp;Lara Maistrello,&nbsp;David Makowski,&nbsp;Panagiotis Milonas,&nbsp;Nikos T. Papadopoulos,&nbsp;Roel Potting,&nbsp;Hanna Susi,&nbsp;Dirk Jan van der Gaag,&nbsp;Alex Gobbi,&nbsp;Virag Kertesz,&nbsp;Andrea Maiorano,&nbsp;Dimitrios Papachristos,&nbsp;Oresteia Sfyra","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9152","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9152","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following the commodity risk assessment of <i>Prunus persica</i> and <i>P. dulcis</i> plants for planting from Türkiye, in which <i>Lepidosaphes pistaciae</i> (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), the pistachio oyster scale or yellow pistachio scale, was identified as a pest of possible concern, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation for the territory of the European Union (EU). <i>L. pistaciae</i> is reported as a polyphagous pest which, however, mainly affects plants of the genus <i>Pistacia.</i> Originating from Asia, it is widely distributed in pistachio producing countries of Central, South and West Asia. Within the EU, the pest has been reported from Cyprus and Greece. However, its precise distribution within Cyprus and Greece is unknown. It completes two generations per year and overwinters as a fully developed adult female. The eggs are hidden under the female's body and hatch around April. First-instar nymphs, crawlers, move on host plants for a short period of time before becoming permanently settled and initiating feeding, mainly on leaves but also on branches and fruits. Young females appear in early June and mature ones in late June. Plants for planting and fruits provide potential pathways for entry into the EU. Climate suitability suggests that it could further establish in large parts of the EU. In Iran, <i>L. pistaciae</i> is considered a devastating pest for cultivated pistachio. <i>L. pistaciae</i> was detected in Greece over 30 years ago with small population densities and without any records of damage. It was also found in Cyprus in 1967 and nowadays is not considered a major pest. Its ability to cause an impact in the EU is uncertain considering the lack of evidence on impact in Cyprus and Greece. Phytosanitary measures are available to reduce the likelihood of entry. While the fulfilment of the criterion on having an economic or environmental impact in the EU is associated with a key uncertainty, all the other criteria assessed by EFSA for consideration as a potential quarantine pest are met.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11716986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NCIMB 30094 for all animal species (Volac International Ltd)","authors":"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP),&nbsp;Roberto Edoardo Villa,&nbsp;Giovanna Azimonti,&nbsp;Eleftherios Bonos,&nbsp;Henrik Christensen,&nbsp;Mojca Durjava,&nbsp;Birgit Dusemund,&nbsp;Ronette Gehring,&nbsp;Boet Glandorf,&nbsp;Maryline Kouba,&nbsp;Marta López-Alonso,&nbsp;Francesca Marcon,&nbsp;Carlo Nebbia,&nbsp;Alena Pechová,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto-Maradona,&nbsp;Ilen Röhe,&nbsp;Katerina Theodoridou,&nbsp;Montserrat Anguita,&nbsp;Nicole Bozzi Cionci,&nbsp;Rosella Brozzi,&nbsp;Joana P. Firmino,&nbsp;Matteo L. Innocenti,&nbsp;Joana Revez,&nbsp;Jordi Tarrés-Call,&nbsp;Piera Valeri,&nbsp;Yolanda García-Cazorla","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9144","DOIUrl":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> NCIMB 30094 as a technological additive (functional group: silage additive) for use in fresh material for all animal species. The additive is intended for use at a proposed minimum concentration of 1 × 10⁹ colony forming units (CFU)/kg fresh plant material. The bacterial species <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the qualified presumption of safety approach to safety assessment. The identity of the strain was established and no acquired antimicrobial resistance genes of concern were detected. Therefore, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that the use of the strain as a silage additive is considered safe for all animal species, for consumers of products from animals fed with the treated silage and for the environment. Regarding user safety, the additive consists of a microorganism, and any exposure through skin and respiratory tract is considered a risk. The additive was shown to be irritant for eyes, but not for skin. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that <i>L. plantarum</i> NCIMB 30094 at the proposed inclusion rate has the potential to improve the production of silage from all fresh plant material.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11711969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment of food contact materials","authors":"Giorgia Maria Varalda,&nbsp;Sebastian Zellmer,&nbsp;Thomas Tietz","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Food Contact Materials (FCMs), such as plastics, papers, ceramics and inks used in food packaging, containers, kitchen utensils and tableware are subject to scrutiny due to their potential to release toxic compounds into food. In the European Union, materials and articles intended for contact with food must adhere to stringent safety regulations and novel materials not explicitly covered by existing legislation require individual risk assessment. This project focused on the assessment of the genotoxic potential of two substances used in FCMs, specifically neodecanoic acid (NDA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), for which data gaps have been identified in genotoxicity studies. NDA was selected because it was re-evaluated due to the intention to approve its use in printing inks for FCMs. For DEHP, various studies on genotoxicity are available, which, however, differ in their outcome. DEHP is commonly used as a plasticiser to enhance the flexibility, transparency, durability of plastics and is ubiquitously detected in daily life. The present study followed the EFSA strategy for the assessment of genotoxicity applying in vitro methods in bacterial and mammalian cells as well as in silico approaches. In this context, aneuploidy, a thresholded genotoxic effect, received particular attention since few indications are available on the aneugenic activity of FCMs. The results showed significant findings that require further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"22 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment of oligomers and potentially harmful chemical compounds from food packaging simulated using an in vitro digestion model","authors":"Luis Jiménez-Munoz,&nbsp;Aristea Papaioannou,&nbsp;Alexandra Anyfanti,&nbsp;Milena Corredig,&nbsp;Georgios Theodoridis,&nbsp;Christina Virgiliou","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of this study, PLASTOGEST, was to evaluate the risk associated with oligomers and other potentially harmful chemical compounds when consumed by humans through food. This research systematically reviewed existing literature and applies untargeted analysis to assess the fate of non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) and intentionally added substances (IAS) during in vitro digestion. Polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate oligomers and simulation of real food conditions were used to evaluate migration and how these oligomers behave during in vitro digestion. This approach, involving enzymes and digestive juices, measured bioavailable levels of these substances in humans. The analytical work, including sample preparation was performed at Aarhus University, whilst extraction and untargeted analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography trap ion mobility spectroscopy time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TIMS/TOF-MS), were performed at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The EUFORA fellow gained insights into advanced analytical techniques and risk assessment, following specific EFSA guidelines. The study aimed to enhance our understanding on how plastic packaging materials might affect human health, potentially leading to more rigorous risk assessment frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"22 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}