EFSA Journal最新文献

{"title":"Avian influenza overview December 2024–March 2025","authors":"European Food Safety Authority,&nbsp;European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control,&nbsp;European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza,&nbsp;Leonidas Alexakis,&nbsp;Hubert Buczkowski,&nbsp;Mariette Ducatez,&nbsp;Alice Fusaro,&nbsp;Jose L. Gonzales,&nbsp;Thijs Kuiken,&nbsp;Karl Ståhl,&nbsp;Christoph Staubach,&nbsp;Olov Svartström,&nbsp;Calogero Terregino,&nbsp;Katriina Willgert,&nbsp;Miguel Melo,&nbsp;Lisa Kohnle","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Between 7 December 2024 and 7 March 2025, 743 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) virus detections were reported in domestic (239) and wild (504) birds across 31 countries in Europe. HPAI A(H5N1) virus detections were predominant and mainly located in central, western and south-eastern Europe. Most HPAI A(H5) virus detections in wild birds concerned waterfowl, particularly mute swans, barnacle geese and greylag geese. Limited secondary spread was observed among the poultry outbreaks, and outdoor poultry access remained an important risk factor at the interface between wild and domestic birds. HPAI A(H5N5) outbreaks occurred only in wild birds and were increasingly reported in waterfowl. For the first time since spring 2024, several HPAI virus detections were reported in domestic cats and wild carnivores in Europe. In the United States of America (USA), the number of dairy cattle farms reportedly affected rose to almost 1000 in 17 States, and a different HPAI A(H5N1) virus genotype (D1.1) was reported in this species. Between 12 December 2024 and 7 March 2025, 22 new cases of avian influenza virus infection in humans were reported in the USA (12 A(H5) cases), Cambodia (two A(H5N1) cases), United Kingdom (one A(H5N1) case), and China (six A(H9N2) cases and one A(H10N3) case). Most of the A(H5) human cases (93%, <i>n</i> = 14/15) had reported exposure to poultry or dairy cattle prior to avian influenza virus detection or onset of illness. Considering the widespread circulation of avian influenza viruses in animal populations, human infections with avian influenza viruses remain infrequent. No evidence of human-to-human transmission has been documented during the reporting period. The risk of infection with the avian A(H5) influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b currently circulating in Europe remains low for the general public in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). The risk of infection remains low-to-moderate for those occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals or contaminated environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the feed additive consisting of a strain belonging to Eggerthellaceae family (DSM 11798) for pigs and all avian species (1m01) for the renewal of its authorisation (BIOMIN GmbH)","authors":"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP),&nbsp;Roberto Edoardo Villa,&nbsp;Giovanna Azimonti,&nbsp;Eleftherios Bonos,&nbsp;Henrik Christensen,&nbsp;Mojca Durjava,&nbsp;Birgit Dusemund,&nbsp;Ronette Gehring,&nbsp;Boet Glandorf,&nbsp;Maryline Kouba,&nbsp;Marta López-Alonso,&nbsp;Francesca Marcon,&nbsp;Carlo Nebbia,&nbsp;Alena Pechová,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto-Maradona,&nbsp;Ilen Röhe,&nbsp;Katerina Theodoridou,&nbsp;Baltasar Mayo,&nbsp;Montserrat Anguita,&nbsp;Jaume Galobart,&nbsp;Jordi Ortuño,&nbsp;Fabiola Pizzo,&nbsp;Rosella Brozzi","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9360","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for renewal of the authorisation of the preparation containing viable cells of the bacterium DSM 11798 intended for use as a technological additive (functional group: substances for reduction of the contamination of feed by mycotoxins) in feed for pigs and all avian species. The applicant provided evidence that the additive currently on the market complies with the existing terms of the authorisation. The identification of the active agent has been changed and it belongs to the <i>Eggerthellaceae</i> family. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the additive remains safe for piglets, pigs for fattening and all avian species, consumers and the environment under the approved terms of the authorisation. Regarding user safety, the additive is not a skin or eye irritant. However, it should be considered a skin and respiratory sensitiser, and any exposure through the skin and respiratory tract is a risk. This conclusion would apply, in principle, to any preparation containing the active agent. There is no need for assessing the efficacy of the additive in the context of the renewal of the authorisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of guanidinoacetic acid (Creamino®) for turkeys for fattening and reared for breeding (Alzchem Trostberg GmbH)","authors":"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP),&nbsp;Roberto Edoardo Villa,&nbsp;Giovanna Azimonti,&nbsp;Eleftherios Bonos,&nbsp;Henrik Christensen,&nbsp;Mojca Durjava,&nbsp;Birgit Dusemund,&nbsp;Ronette Gehring,&nbsp;Boet Glandorf,&nbsp;Maryline Kouba,&nbsp;Marta López-Alonso,&nbsp;Francesca Marcon,&nbsp;Carlo Nebbia,&nbsp;Alena Pechová,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto-Maradona,&nbsp;Ilen Röhe,&nbsp;Katerina Theodoridou,&nbsp;Jaume Galobart,&nbsp;Jordi Ortuño Casanova,&nbsp;Maria Vittoria Vettori,&nbsp;Jordi Tarrés-Call,&nbsp;Alberto Navarro-Villa","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9349","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) when used as zootechnical additive in feed and water for drinking for turkeys for fattening and turkeys reared for breeding, and a preparation of GAA when used in feed for the same target species. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that GAA at 1200 mg/kg complete feed or 600 mg/L water is safe for turkeys for fattening and turkeys reared for breeding. There is no concern on consumer safety resulting from the use of GAA for turkeys at the proposed conditions of use. GAA is not toxic by inhalation, not irritant to skin and eyes and not a dermal sensitiser. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the use of GAA as feed additive is not expected to pose a risk to the environment. The use of the additive under assessment in animal nutrition at the proposed conditions of use has the potential to be efficacious in turkeys for fattening and turkeys reared for breeding. The above conclusions apply to both the active substance GAA and the preparation of GAA.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of the feed additive consisting of clinoptilolite of sedimentary origin for all animal species for the renewal of its authorisation (ZEOCEM, a.s.)","authors":"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP),&nbsp;Roberto Edoardo Villa,&nbsp;Giovanna Azimonti,&nbsp;Eleftherios Bonos,&nbsp;Henrik Christensen,&nbsp;Mojca Durjava,&nbsp;Birgit Dusemund,&nbsp;Ronette Gehring,&nbsp;Boet Glandorf,&nbsp;Maryline Kouba,&nbsp;Marta López-Alonso,&nbsp;Francesca Marcon,&nbsp;Carlo Nebbia,&nbsp;Alena Pechová,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto-Maradona,&nbsp;Ilen Röhe,&nbsp;Katerina Theodoridou,&nbsp;Jaume Galobart,&nbsp;Orsolya Holczknecht,&nbsp;Fabiola Pizzo,&nbsp;Anita Radovnikovic,&nbsp;Maria Vittoria Vettori,&nbsp;Angelica Amaduzzi","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9364","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for renewal of authorisation of clinoptilolite of sedimentary origin as a technological feed additive (binder and anticaking agents) for all animal species. The applicant provided evidence that the additive currently on the market complies with the existing conditions of authorisation. The Panel concludes that clinoptilolite of sedimentary origin remains safe for all animal species, consumers and the environment under the authorised conditions of use. Regarding user safety, the additive is not a skin nor an eye irritant but should be considered a skin and respiratory sensitiser. Inhalation and dermal exposure are considered a risk. There is no need for assessing the efficacy of the additive in the context of the renewal of the authorisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a feed additive consisting of guanidinoacetic acid (Creamino®) for weaned piglets and pigs for fattening in water for drinking (Alzchem Trostberg GmbH)","authors":"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP),&nbsp;Roberto Edoardo Villa,&nbsp;Giovanna Azimonti,&nbsp;Eleftherios Bonos,&nbsp;Henrik Christensen,&nbsp;Mojca Durjava,&nbsp;Birgit Dusemund,&nbsp;Ronette Gehring,&nbsp;Boet Glandorf,&nbsp;Maryline Kouba,&nbsp;Marta López-Alonso,&nbsp;Francesca Marcon,&nbsp;Carlo Nebbia,&nbsp;Alena Pechová,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto-Maradona,&nbsp;Ilen Röhe,&nbsp;Katerina Theodoridou,&nbsp;Jaume Galobart,&nbsp;Maria Vittoria Vettori,&nbsp;Alberto Navarro-Villa","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9350","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the efficacy of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA; Creamino®), intended for use as zootechnical additive (functional group: other zootechnicals – improvement of performance parameters) for weaned piglets and pigs for fattening in water for drinking. The additive is already authorised for use in feed and water for chickens for fattening and chickens reared for laying/breeding and only for feed in weaned piglets and pigs for fattening. In the previous opinion, the Panel concluded that the additive is safe for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying/breeding, piglets and pigs for fattening, the consumer, users and the environment under the proposed conditions of use. In the current submission, the applicant submitted considerations to support the authorisation of GAA in water for drinking for weaned piglets and pigs for fattening. The FEEDAP Panel reiterates it previous conclusion that the use of GAA in feed and water for drinking of weaned piglets and pigs for fattening has the potential to be efficacious in improving the zootechnical performance of the target animals under the proposed conditions of use (600–1200 mg GAA/kg complete feed; 200–600 mg GAA/L water).</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the feed additive consisting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 493.94 (Yea-Sacc®) for dairy cows, minor dairy ruminant species, cattle for fattening and minor ruminant species for fattening for the renewal of its authorisation (ALL-TECHNOLOGY (IRELAND) LIMITED [Alltech Ireland])","authors":"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP),&nbsp;Roberto Edoardo Villa,&nbsp;Giovanna Azimonti,&nbsp;Eleftherios Bonos,&nbsp;Henrik Christensen,&nbsp;Mojca Durjava,&nbsp;Birgit Dusemund,&nbsp;Ronette Gehring,&nbsp;Boet Glandorf,&nbsp;Maryline Kouba,&nbsp;Marta López-Alonso,&nbsp;Francesca Marcon,&nbsp;Carlo Nebbia,&nbsp;Alena Pechová,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto-Maradona,&nbsp;Ilen Röhe,&nbsp;Katerina Theodoridou,&nbsp;Montserrat Anguita,&nbsp;Jaume Galobart,&nbsp;Matteo L. Innocenti,&nbsp;Rosella Brozzi","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9354","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for renewal of authorisation of a preparation of dried cells of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> CBS 493.94 (Yea-Sacc®) as a zootechnical additive for dairy cows, minor dairy ruminant species, cattle for fattening and minor ruminant species for fattening. The feed additive is marketed in two solid forms (Yea-Sacc® C and Yea-Sacc® TS) differing by the granulometry. The applicant provided evidence that the additive currently in the market complies with the existing terms of the authorisation. The Panel concluded that the additive remains safe for the target species, consumers and the environment. Regarding the safety for the user, Yea-Sacc® TS is non-irritant to the skin or eyes while Yea-Sacc® C is not irritant to the skin but irritant to the eyes. The additive in both formulations should be considered a skin and respiratory sensitiser and any exposure through skin and respiratory tract is considered a risk. There is no need to assess the efficacy of the additive in the context of the renewal of the authorisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the feed additive neohesperidine dihydrochalcone for piglets, pigs for fattening, calves, sheep, fish and dogs for the renewal of its authorisation (HealthTech Bio Actives S.L.U.)","authors":"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP),&nbsp;Roberto Edoardo Villa,&nbsp;Giovanna Azimonti,&nbsp;Eleftherios Bonos,&nbsp;Henrik Christensen,&nbsp;Mojca Durjava,&nbsp;Birgit Dusemund,&nbsp;Ronette Gehring,&nbsp;Boet Glandorf,&nbsp;Maryline Kouba,&nbsp;Marta López-Alonso,&nbsp;Francesca Marcon,&nbsp;Carlo Nebbia,&nbsp;Alena Pechová,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto-Maradona,&nbsp;Ilen Röhe,&nbsp;Katerina Theodoridou,&nbsp;Maria de Lourdes Bastos,&nbsp;Paul Brantom,&nbsp;Andrew Chesson,&nbsp;Josef Schlatter,&nbsp;Johannes Westendorf,&nbsp;Maria Dulak-Lis,&nbsp;Paola Manini","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9358","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for the renewal of the authorisation of neohesperidine dihydrochalcone as a sensory feed additive for piglets and pigs for fattening, calves, sheep, fish and dogs. The additive is already authorised for use in calves, sheep, fish, dogs and certain categories of pigs (2b959). The applicant provided evidence that the additive currently in the market complies with the existing conditions of the authorisation and that the production process has not been modified. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that the additive remains safe for the target species, consumers and the environment. Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone is not irritant to skin and eyes and is not a skin sensitiser. Exposure through inhalation is likely. The present application for renewal of the authorisation does not include any modification proposal that would have an impact on the efficacy of the additive, and therefore, there is no need for re-assessing the efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of a feed additive consisting of Sepiolitic clay for all animal species (MYTA S.A.)","authors":"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP),&nbsp;Roberto Edoardo Villa,&nbsp;Giovanna Azimonti,&nbsp;Eleftherios Bonos,&nbsp;Henrik Christensen,&nbsp;Mojca Durjava,&nbsp;Birgit Dusemund,&nbsp;Ronette Gehring,&nbsp;Boet Glandorf,&nbsp;Maryline Kouba,&nbsp;Marta López-Alonso,&nbsp;Francesca Marcon,&nbsp;Carlo Nebbia,&nbsp;Alena Pechová,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto-Maradona,&nbsp;Ilen Röhe,&nbsp;Katerina Theodoridou,&nbsp;Vasileios Bampidis,&nbsp;Montserrat Anguita,&nbsp;Orsolya Holczknecht,&nbsp;Matteo L. Innocenti,&nbsp;Jordi Ortuño","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9365","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of Sepiolitic clay as a technological feed additive for all animal species. In 2022, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) delivered an opinion on the safety and efficacy of the same additive. The Panel concluded that Sepiolitic clay used as a feed additive is safe for the consumers and the environment, and efficacious as a binder and anticaking agent in feed for all animal species under the proposed conditions of use. The additive was not considered an eye or skin irritant. However, it was considered a respiratory and dermal sensitiser. Due to the dusting potential and its silica content, the additive was considered a risk by inhalation. Regarding the target species, in the previous Opinion, the Panel concluded that the additive was safe for dairy ruminants and growing <i>Suidae</i> at the recommended use level (20,000 mg/kg feed), for chickens for fattening at 10,000 mg/kg feed and for salmonids at 17,600 mg/kg feed. No conclusion could be drawn for all other species/categories. Based on the tolerance studies in chickens for fattening and trout evaluated in the current assessment, and the ones in weaned piglets and dairy cows previously assessed, the Panel concluded that the inclusion of Sepiolitic clay at the maximum recommended level of 20,000 mg/kg complete feed is safe for all animal species.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of capsaicin for all animal species (XP Chemistries AB)","authors":"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP),&nbsp;Roberto Edoardo Villa,&nbsp;Giovanna Azimonti,&nbsp;Eleftherios Bonos,&nbsp;Henrik Christensen,&nbsp;Mojca Durjava,&nbsp;Birgit Dusemund,&nbsp;Ronette Gehring,&nbsp;Boet Glandorf,&nbsp;Maryline Kouba,&nbsp;Marta López-Alonso,&nbsp;Francesca Marcon,&nbsp;Carlo Nebbia,&nbsp;Alena Pechová,&nbsp;Miguel Prieto-Maradona,&nbsp;Ilen Röhe,&nbsp;Katerina Theodoridou,&nbsp;Maria Bastos,&nbsp;Georges Bories,&nbsp;Paul Brantom,&nbsp;Jürgen Gropp,&nbsp;Ruud Woutersen,&nbsp;Jaume Galobart,&nbsp;Paola Manini,&nbsp;Fabiola Pizzo,&nbsp;Maria Vittoria Vettori,&nbsp;Andrew Chesson","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of capsaicin as a sensory feed additive for all animal species (flavouring compounds). The additive is specified to have a purity of at least 98% with a ratio of <i>(E)-</i>capsaicin (<i>trans</i>-capsaicin) to <i>(Z)-</i>capsaicin (<i>cis-</i>capsaicin) of ≥ 6:1. The FEEDAP Panel concludes that the additive capsaicin is safe at the recommended maximum use level proposed by the applicant (6.5 mg/kg complete feed) for use in all poultry species, all porcine species, all bovines, ovines, caprines, cervids and camelids, all equids, leporids, salmonids and minor fin fish species, dogs, ornamental birds and ornamental fish. For cats and other species not considered above, 5.3 mg/kg complete feed is considered safe. The use of capsaicin as a feed additive is considered safe for consumers and the environment. Capsaicin is a skin and respiratory irritant and is assumed to be an eye irritant. It is not a dermal sensitiser. Any exposure of users is considered a risk. The Panel concluded that the additive has the potential to be efficacious as a flavouring additive in feed for all animal species under the proposed conditions of use.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a fluidised catalytic cracking co-processing method for the production of renewable fuels using Category 3 animal fat and used cooking oils","authors":"EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ),&nbsp;Ana Allende,&nbsp;Valeria Bortolaia,&nbsp;Sara Bover-Cid,&nbsp;Wietske Dohmen,&nbsp;Laurent Guillier,&nbsp;Lieve Herman,&nbsp;Liesbeth Jacxsens,&nbsp;Maarten Nauta,&nbsp;Lapo Mughini-Gras,&nbsp;Jakob Ottoson,&nbsp;Luisa Peixe,&nbsp;Fernando Perez-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Panagiotis Skandamis,&nbsp;Elisabetta Suffredini,&nbsp;Alessandra De Cesare,&nbsp;Pablo Fernandez Escamez,&nbsp;John Griffin,&nbsp;Kamela Kryemadhi,&nbsp;Angel Ortiz-Pelaez,&nbsp;Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9337","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An alternative processing method for the production of renewable fuels from rendered animal fats, pretreated using standard processing methods 1–5 or method 7 and used cooking oils, derived from Category 3 animal by-products, was assessed. The alternative method is based on a fluidised catalytic cracking co-processing treatment with a preheat stage by at least 145°C and a pressure of at least 1.4 barg for at least 13 s, followed by a reactor stage by at least 500°C for 2 s. The applicant selected the use of spores of pathogenic bacteria as primary indicators without carrying out a full hazard identification, which is acceptable as per previous EFSA evaluations. The EFSA BIOHAZ Panel considers that the application and supporting literature contain sufficient evidence to support that the alternative method can achieve a reduction of at least 12 log₁₀ of <i>C. botulinum</i> spores and 5 log₁₀ of the spores of other pathogenic bacteria. The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point plan contained some inadequacies: the reception of raw materials should be considered a prerequisite (with acceptance criteria) rather than a critical control point and quantitative limits for temperature and holding time at the reactor should be defined. The information provided by the applicant suggests that appropriate corrective actions are in place for dealing with risks associated with interdependent processes and with the intended end use of the products. The applicant also considers as part of the alternative processing method the operation under an unplanned shutdown. EFSA only assesses the alternative processing methods under normal operating conditions. Thus, the procedures under an unplanned shutdown were not assessed as part of the alternative processing method. Overall, the alternative method under evaluation is considered equivalent to the processing methods currently approved in the Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}