EFSA Journal最新文献

{"title":"Exploring frameworks for quantitative risk assessment of antimicrobial resistance along the food chain","authors":"Tiina Mandel,&nbsp;Maria Francesca Iulietto,&nbsp;Mari Reinik,&nbsp;Roberto Condoleo","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Campylobacter</i> is one of the most reported causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Birds are the predominant reservoirs for thermotolerant <i>Campylobacter</i>, therefore consumption of contaminated and undercooked poultry products represents one of the major transmission routes for campylobacteriosis. In addition to foodborne diseases, another relevant public challenge is the silent pandemic of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), impacting also the food chain. The occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant <i>Campylobacter</i> in broiler meat poses a significant threat to public health. In this context, quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) might support policy-makers in addressing these challenges. Hence, this project aimed to describe the current status of knowledge on occurrence of AMR <i>Campylobacter</i> at a global scale, with focus in estimating the prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant <i>Campylobacter</i> isolated from broiler meat at retail level. Following the drafting of a dedicated protocol, a systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted. Based on the extracted data, after the determination of the proportion of AMR isolates, the proportions were compared by <i>Campylobacter</i> species, geographical regions, processing step and sampling matrices. Meta-analysis allowed the estimation of the pooled prevalences of resistant isolates by regions and species, combining the findings from different independent studies in a comparable way. In terms of future perspectives, the outcome of this project will support future risk assessment and provide valuable inputs for estimating consumer exposure to AMR <i>Campylobacter</i> via broiler meat consumption. In conclusion, this report will provide a general overview of activities, preliminary results and research performed during the EU-FORA fellowship programme (2023/2024).</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"22 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Q4MRATools: Quantitative tools to microbial risk assessment","authors":"Olga María Bonilla Luque,&nbsp;Antonio Valero,&nbsp;Arícia Possas,&nbsp;Styliani Roufou,&nbsp;Jefferson de Oliveira Mallia,&nbsp;Vasilis Valdramidis","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the context of the European Food Risk Assessment (EU-FORA) fellowship programme, the project ‘Q4MRATools: Quantitative Tools to Microbial Risk Assessment’ focused on training in predictive microbiology, experimental design and the use of advanced software tools like R, MATLAB, @Risk, DMFit and GInaFiT. The primary objective of this programme was to equip the fellow with foundational knowledge in quantitative microbial risk assessments (QMRA), thereby contributing to the development of more effective and accurate food safety risk assessments. This initiative was part of a broader effort to address the evolving challenges in food safety by enhancing collaborative actions and developing robust food safety systems. The fellow engaged in various risk assessment tasks, acquiring fundamental knowledge in predictive microbiology, particularly different modelling strategies for growth and inactivation models, as well as understanding the nuances of microbiological behaviour under different conditions and food matrixes environments. The training emphasised the importance of experimental design and the application of software tools essential for conducting QMRA. Secondary activities were also included to broaden the fellow's competencies, expanding their expertise beyond qualitative methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"22 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training in quantitative microbial risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in processing chains: Quantification of biofilm-cells transfer integrating virulence and persistence factors","authors":"Federico Tomasello,&nbsp;Alessandra De Cesare,&nbsp;Antonio Valero Díaz","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Food safety is a global challenge, with nearly 1 in 10 people worldwide falling ill each year from consuming contaminated food. The risk is particularly high in ready-to-eat (RTE) products, which are consumed without further cooking to eliminate harmful microorganisms. To address this, the University of Cordoba and the University of Bologna, in the framework of the EU-FORA programme, developed a training programme focused on quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> in RTE food processing chains, a significant public health concern due to its association with severe foodborne illnesses. The programme aimed to train the fellow in advanced food microbiology techniques, predictive modelling and comprehensive QMRA methodologies. The fellow gained hands-on experience with predictive microbiology models applied to real-world scenarios, particularly RTE meat and fish products. Activities included developing predictive models for microbial growth and conducting challenge tests to evaluate <i>Listeria</i> behaviour in various foods. Emphasising data collection and statistical analysis, the fellowship explores the dynamics of Listeria within the food supply chain. A case study on sliced cooked ham demonstrates QMRA's application, using Monte Carlo simulations to estimate Listeria concentrations at consumption, ultimately informing risk management strategies. This initiative aimed to increase the number of food safety risk assessment experts in Europe, thereby enhancing public health outcomes related to foodborne diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"22 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined stochastic modelling of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms","authors":"Nikola Maciejewska,&nbsp;Constantine-Richard Stefanou,&nbsp;Leonardos Stathas,&nbsp;Konstantinos Koutsoumanis","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) of pathogens in food safety is well established, but steps are being taken to expand this methodology to food spoilage. Parallels can be drawn between the steps involved in a QMRA for pathogens and its application to specific spoilage organisms (SSO). During hazard characterisation for pathogens, the appropriate dose–response model is used to link the hazard level to the health outcome by estimating the probability of illness, resulting from the ingestion of a certain dose of the hazard. The dose–response model, in the case of food spoilage, may be translated into a spoilage-response relationship linking the spoilage-level with the probability the consumer will discard the food and not consume it. Such models are developed with sensory testing, assessing consumers sensitivity to microbial spoilage quality defects and correlating them to the SSO concentration. Ignoring food spoilage before the stated expiration date can lead to the final health risk being overestimated, since cases in which the food item poses a real risk to the consumer but is not consumed due to perceived spoilage are not excluded. Plenty of risk assessments have been carried out for pathogens in different RTE foods. What is missing is the integration of the two approaches into a single model that can estimate the risk of illness, factoring in the variability of consumer responses to spoilage. The spoilage-response relationship was combined with a stochastic modelling approach for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> growth, also taking into account microbial interaction between LAB and <i>L. monocytogenes</i> (Jameson effect) to increase accuracy. The comparison of results between the ‘Baseline’ and the ‘Spoilage-informed’ approach showed significant difference in listeriosis cases, both for consumers under and over 65 years old. These results may suggest, that the hypothesis about overestimation of listeriosis risk in case of not taking into account product spoilage is correct. The combined QMRA model developed in the present study can be a useful tool for risk management decisions in the meat industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"22 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New advanced models (NAMs) for risk assessment of bisphenol A alternatives","authors":"Tatiana Honza,&nbsp;Naouale El Yamani,&nbsp;Maria Dusinska,&nbsp;Elise Rundén-Pran,&nbsp;Francesca Marcon","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221116","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The safety of bisphenol A (BPA) due to its adverse effects on the immune system has led to an increasing concern and a significant regulatory shift. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) proposed a reduction in the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of BPA in food in their 2023 scientific opinion, highlighting the need for stricter regulations compared to their previous assessment in 2015. This regulatory action has spurred the production of BPA alternatives, raising concerns about their safety due to insufficient toxicological data. Addressing this gap is crucial for ensuring human and environmental health. In this project, multiple genotoxicity endpoints were applied for testing of two regulatory relevant BPA alternatives, bisphenol E (BPE) and bisphenol P (BPP), in different human models: 2D HepG2 liver cells, 3D liver spheroids and primary human peripheral blood lymphocytes. DNA strand breaks and oxidised base lesions were evaluated by the enzyme-modified version of the comet assay, while clastogenicity and aneugenicity were analysed by the in vitro micronucleus assay (OECD TG 487, 2016), together with cytotoxicity. Development of new advanced models (NAMs), as 3D spheroids, are essential for next-generation risk assessment (NGRA) in line with the 3R's to replace, reduce or refine animal experiments. In this aspect, validation and standardisation of NAMs are needed to reach regulatory readiness level and development of OECD Test Guidelines. Therefore, a standardisation and pre-validation of the advanced 3D liver spheroid model was performed by using multiple genotoxicity endpoints and by comparing the obtained results with standard genotoxicity models.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"22 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment of food additives including dietary exposure","authors":"Mădălina Lorena Medeleanu,&nbsp;Silvia Pichardo Sanchez,&nbsp;Giorgiana M. Cătunescu,&nbsp;Ana B. Cerezo","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lately, the entire society's focus has turned towards consuming more natural food products and the production of chemicals obtained utilising green technologies. The use of chemicals as food additives is a concern for consumers. For this reason, the search for natural and more sustainable additives is a key step to control food risks while meeting consumers' requirements. Essential oils could be considered potential green food additives on the basis of their valuable properties (chemical and microbiological). Unfortunately, there is currently a lack of knowledge regarding the safety associated with the consumption of essential oils and/or their nano-emulsions. In response to this issue, the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine (DNFSTLM) from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville, Spain, in partnership with the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, have engaged their efforts into the individual working programme titled ‘Risk assessment of food additives including dietary exposure’ as part of the European Food Risk Assessment Fellowship Programme (EU-FORA). The individual programme was built on three modular pillars that were based on a ‘learning-by-doing’ approach. The fellow's activities focused on experimental toxicology and evaluation of the dietary intake for citrus essential oils nano-emulsions (CEO-NEs). The objective was to provide a foundation in toxicology and train the fellow with the skills necessary to conduct toxicological investigations for risk assessment. Acquiring expertise in applying the guidelines of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) was an important goal for the EU-FORA experience. Furthermore, the fellow received training in dietary risk assessment and participated in experimental research on the chemical characterisation, digestion processes and mechanism of action of bioactive compounds. In light of the results obtained, the individual programme was beneficial, the fellow being successfully trained and integrated into the hosting team. Furthermore, this project set the stage for further collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"22 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New approach methodologies for risk assessment using deep learning","authors":"Enol Junquera,&nbsp;Irene Díaz,&nbsp;Susana Montes,&nbsp;Ferdinando Febbraio","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The advancement of technologies and the development of more efficient artificial intelligence (AI) enable the processing of large amounts of data in a very short time. Concurrently, the increase in information within biological databases, such as 3D molecular structures or networks of functional macromolecule associations, will facilitate the creation of new methods for risk assessment that can serve as alternatives to animal testing. Specifically, the predictive capabilities of AI as new approach methodologies (NAMs) are poised to revolutionise risk assessment approaches. Our previous studies on molecular docking predictions, using the software Autodock Vina, indicated high-affinity binding of certain toxic chemicals to the 3D structures of human proteins associated with nervous and reproductive functions. Similar approaches revealed potential sublethal interactions of neonicotinoids with proteins linked to the bees' immune system. Building on these findings, we plan to develop an AI-based decision tool that exploits the data available on the toxicity of the most know chemical, such as LD50, and the data obtainable by their interaction with the human proteins to support risk assessment studies for multiple stressors still not characterised. Our focus will be on utilising these new bioinformatics methodologies to develop specific experimental designs that allow for confident and predictable study of the toxic and sublethal effects of pesticides on humans. We will also validate the developed NAMs by integrating existing in vivo information from scientific literature and technical reports. These approaches will significantly impact toxicity studies, guiding researchers' experiments and greatly reducing the need for animal testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"22 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training in modern statistical methodologies and software tools for the definition and analysis of (stochastic) quantitative microbial risk assessment models with relevant food products for the Italian and Spanish food supply chains","authors":"Abdul Muhammad Ehtesham,&nbsp;Virginia Filipello,&nbsp;Pablo S. Fernandèz Escàmez,&nbsp;Alberto Garre Perez","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fellowship, entitled ‘Training in modern statistical methodologies and software tools for the definition and analysis of (stochastic) quantitative microbial risk assessment models with relevant food products for the Italian and Spanish food supply chains’, was implemented at the Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Spain. Supervised by Dr. Alberto Garre and Prof. Pablo S. Fernandez and coordinated by Dr. Virginia Filipello of the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Italy, the fellowship aimed to provide hands-on training in quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). The fellow benefited from UPCT's expertise in microbiological risk assessment, gaining knowledge of methodologies, terminologies and software tools essential for QMRA. The focus of the fellowship was on the risks associated with plant-based milk products, which are increasingly popular as sustainable alternatives to dairy milk. Despite the heat treatments these beverages undergo to ensure safety, risks persist, such as cross-contamination during post-processing or the survival of heat-resistant spores like Bacillus cereus. A recent European outbreak linked to contaminated oat milk underscored the importance of assessing these risks. The project was conducted in two phases: first, at UPCT's Food Microbiology Laboratory, where the fellow handled and characterised the thermal resistance of various B. cereus strains using a thermoresistometer; and second, through remote analysis of experimental data using risk analysis software tools. The fellow developed skills in microbiological techniques, such as spore preparation and thermal resistance evaluation, and became proficient in data analysis using the R programming language and the biorisk package. The fellowship culminated in the development of a QMRA model to estimate the likelihood of B. cereus-related foodborne illness from plant-based milks, considering different heat treatments and bacterial strains. The fellow's training covered all stages of risk assessment, including hazard identification, exposure assessment, hazard characterisation and risk characterisation, providing a comprehensive foundation for a career in food safety and microbial risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"22 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting gluten back on menu – Safety assessment of polyphenol-rich wheat varieties in Celiac Disease","authors":"Ricardo Dias,&nbsp;Ilaria Mottola,&nbsp;Claudia Bellomo,&nbsp;Sara da Silva,&nbsp;Daniela Milheiro,&nbsp;Maria Vittoria Barone,&nbsp;Petr Martinek,&nbsp;Victor de Freitas,&nbsp;Carmen Gianfrani","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study provides a comprehensive proteomic and metabolomic analysis of novel anthocyanin- and carotenoid-rich wheat varieties to assess their immunogenicity in the context of Celiac Disease. Using (semi)-quantitative mass spectrometry, the research found that gliadin expression and peptide release, particularly those containing immunostimulatory γ-gliadin epitopes, vary significantly across different wheat varieties. While non-targeted mass spectrometry provided valuable insights, the study acknowledged potential methodological biases, such limitations of ion current intensity as a measure of peptide abundance. Despite promising results, further research is required to determine the safety and efficacy of coloured wheat varieties for Celiac Disease patients, considering the complex interplay of gluten proteins, food processing, digestion and matrix effects. The ongoing studies hold potential for developing nutritionally beneficial wheat alternatives for Celiac Disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"22 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical and microbial risk assessment of wild edible plants and flowers","authors":"Maria Carpena,&nbsp;Miguel A. Prieto,&nbsp;Monika Trząskowska","doi":"10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The document focuses on the chemical and microbial risk assessment of wild edible plants (WEPs) and flowers, highlighting potential risks from heavy metals, pesticides and microorganisms. WEPs are valuable for human nutrition and gastronomy, offering essential compounds and health benefits. They are also seen as a sustainable food source. The study used various data sources and methodologies, including microbiological load and heavy metals' analysis, to assess the risks associated with WEPs. Consumption data were gathered to comprehensively assess exposure assessment. This document provides detailed recommendations for risk characterisation and management to mitigate potential health hazards associated with WEPs. The document was developed as part of the EU-FORA fellowship programme, which aims to enhance food risk assessment expertise through training to ensure preparedness for future risk analysis needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11657,"journal":{"name":"EFSA Journal","volume":"22 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2024.e221111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}