Energy最新文献

{"title":"An enhanced bilayer long short-term memory method for energy consumption estimation of electric buses with real-time passenger load","authors":"Xiaonian Shan ,&nbsp;Qi Li ,&nbsp;Changxin Wan ,&nbsp;Ming Ouyang ,&nbsp;Peng Hao ,&nbsp;Guoyuan Wu ,&nbsp;Matthew Barth","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accuracy in estimating energy consumption of electric buses is of significant importance for formulating electric bus route planning and charging schedules. Current approaches for estimating energy consumption of electric buses can be categorized into three major types: physics-driven models, statistical models, and deep learning methods. This study develops an Enhanced Bilayer Long Short-Term Memory (EBLSTM) method for energy consumption estimation of electric buses considering real-time passenger load, along with the Powertrain-based Physical Model (PPM) and Scale Tractive Power-based Model (STPM). A linear interpolation model is first implemented to reconstruct the bus trajectory (i.e., position, speed, and acceleration) from 0.1 Hz to 1 Hz for model calibration and verification. A tanh activation function is designed to mitigate fluctuations in the estimation results of the traditional LSTM method. The genetic algorithm, least mean square method and grid search approach were conducted respectively to calibrate the above three different models. Numerical results indicate that the EBLSTM method achieves the best estimation performance, with a verification Root Mean Square Percentage Error (RMSPE) of 0.68 %. In contrast, the RMSPEs of the PPM and STPM models are 0.90 % and 1.13 %, respectively. Furthermore, both qualitative and quantitative analysis were conducted to examine the impacts of initial SOC, travel time, and the heterogeneous characteristic of different bus datasets on the accuracy of the three models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138726"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The performance analysis on a novel PV driven island dual-functional power generation and atmospheric water harvesting system","authors":"Jing Li ,&nbsp;Weikai Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Che ,&nbsp;Niansi Li ,&nbsp;Jie Ji ,&nbsp;Bendong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research addresses the critical challenge of reliable electricity and freshwater access for island communities, where conventional supply methods are costly and unsustainable. To tackle this, we developed and experimentally validated a hybrid PV–TEG–MOF system that integrates solar power generation with sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting. A high-performance MIL-101(Cr)/Fin composite was synthesized and coupled with photovoltaic and thermoelectric modules, followed by testing under controlled laboratory conditions and realistic outdoor environments, supported by numerical modeling. Results showed under 1000 W/m² irradiation an average PV output of 130 W/m², TEG power of 3.34 W/m², and water production of 100 mL/(kg·h). Outdoor tests yielded 48 W/m² PV output, 1.74–1.58 W/m² nocturnal TEG output, and 240 mL/m² daily water yield. Simulations confirmed that a 1000 m² system could provide 120 W/m² electricity and 66 mL/(m²·h) water, meeting daily needs of 300 people. These findings demonstrate the system's potential as a scalable, sustainable solution for integrated energy–water provision in remote islands, reducing dependency on external supplies and supporting resilient, low-carbon resource security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138781"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating the distribution of chilled water and supply air for energy-efficient cleanrooms in high-tech industries: A demand-responsive approach","authors":"Weichen Guo ,&nbsp;Jiexiao Zeng ,&nbsp;Chengye Lin ,&nbsp;Xuejin Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhu ,&nbsp;Wei Ye ,&nbsp;Jun Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cleanrooms are vital to the energy-intensive semiconductor industry, where precise air-conditioning (AC) systems are essential yet consume substantial energy. A key inefficiency stems from chilled water and air supply systems operating independently, each with redundancy that can be reduced by coordination. This study proposed and quantified the energy-saving potential of integrating these systems using a demand response approach. Four schemes, i.e., single-pump constant flow (SC), single-pump variable flow (SV), two-stage direct pump (TD), and two-stage heat exchange (TH), were proposed and validated using Modelica-based simulations. Their energy performance was analyzed based on advanced configurations and climate conditions in Hefei, China. A novel coordinated variable frequency control method was developed to integrate chilled water and air supply systems under variable loads, enhancing demand response capacity. Results revealed that SV and TD schemes reduced the total energy consumption of the AC by 11.5 % and 0.8 %, saving 775,000 kWh and 55,000 kWh per season for a 5000 m² cleanroom. Additionally, by optimizing the fan-to-pump power ratio, coordinated fan-pump control achieved up to 73.6 % energy savings in circulation systems under partial loads. These findings underscore the critical importance of integrated control strategies in optimizing energy efficiency for cleanroom operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138770"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven characteristics and representation of vertical wind profiles in a mountainous region","authors":"Xinyu Chen ,&nbsp;Chuanjin Yu ,&nbsp;Xiong Wang ,&nbsp;Shaoyang Yuan ,&nbsp;Yongle Li","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the backdrop of energy transition and sustainable development, wind energy, as a vital clean energy resource, has drawn significant attention. An accurate wind speed profile holds significant engineering importance for assessment of wind energy resources, wind turbine site selection and structural wind-resistant design for both bridges and wind turbines. Power-law function, widely used in plains, neglects meteorological factors and influence of complex topographic conditions, thus restricting applicability in mountainous terrain. In this study, field measurements reveal there are two distinct types of strong wind in mountainous gorge, namely periodic thermally-driven winds and sudden intense winds, each with unique wind characteristics and wind speed profile shapes. To improve the characterization of these profiles, we propose a data-driven method combining Proper Orthogonal Decomposition with a joint probability density model. The analysis reveals the probability density distributions of modal coefficients exhibit significant differences while the modal vectors of wind profiles are similar. By establishing data-driven model linking wind directions and modal coefficients, we can accurately describe wind profile features across all directions. Validation using field data demonstrates that, compared with power-law profile, the model effectively captures the morphological characteristics of complex mountainous wind profiles under various climates and wind directions. Relative to climatic influences, the mountainous terrain has a more significant impact on wind profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138768"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittency oscillation behavior and physical model of anti-buoyancy turbulent downward flame in a jet reactor","authors":"Shixiang Liu,&nbsp;Jiang Lv,&nbsp;Kairong Cheng,&nbsp;Hongyu Lu,&nbsp;Longhua Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jet flames are commonly occurred in the fuel leakage and combustion chamber systems, which are closely related to safe production, especially in industries involving flammable gases or high-temperature processes. Flame oscillation due to combustion instability can generate severe risks to facilities and surroundings. This paper investigated the flame intermittency oscillation behavior of anti-buoyancy downward jet diffusion flames. Circular nozzles with four different diameters were used as the fire source openings with propane as fuel. The results show that the flame intermittent length of downward jets increases with increasing heat release rate, and it is smaller than the corresponding upward jet flame, which can be attributed to the axial velocity variation along the flame centerline. The ratio of flame intermittent length to flame downward distance decreases with heat release rate, showing an asymptotic behavior that approaches to a constant about 0.17. Moreover, the flame intermittent length normalized by nozzle diameter can converge well for different nozzles and increases with Froude number. A momentum-buoyancy length scale was proposed to represent the competition between jet momentum and flame buoyancy, and was employed to characterize the flame intermittent length of downward jets. Finally, a virtual source model was derived to predict the flame intermittent length showing a good agreement. This work provided knowledge on the oscillation physical mechanism of anti-buoyancy downward jet diffusion flame, which also provides important references for fire assessment and industrial process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138774"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling gas thermodynamic states and jet flame behaviors of high-pressure gas cylinders in fire scenarios","authors":"Kuibin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-pressure gas cylinders (e.g. hydrogen, compressed natural gas, propane) are widely used for both residential energy supply and vehicular applications. Accurate modeling of high-pressure gas cylinder behavior in fire scenarios is a traditional and still a challenging problem. This study proposes a theoretical framework that thermodynamically characterizes the gas behavior inside the cylinder as an isochoric heating process prior to venting and an isothermal expansion process after venting, and the subsequent gas leakage as an isentropic flow. The model integrates process equations with the van der Waals equation of state to establish a transient leakage formulation, which couples a notional nozzle model and flame dimension models available in the literature. The model predictions of gas pressure and flame length show strong agreement with experimental data from hydrogen cylinders across different volumes (48, 210 L) and nominal working pressures (35, 70 MPa). Compared to expensive case-specific testing, the proposed model provides comprehensive outputs with direct engineering applications, e.g. time-to-explosion prediction at specified burst pressures, release pipe diameter optimization, seamless integration with established radiation models in literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138756"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China's electricity transmission reduces carbon emissions but causes water resource depletion","authors":"Shixiong Du ,&nbsp;Huaiwei Sun ,&nbsp;Baowei Yan ,&nbsp;Changmei Liang ,&nbsp;Deliang Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Deng ,&nbsp;Jie Xue ,&nbsp;Haichen Li ,&nbsp;Wenxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China's rapid growth in electricity demand intensifies the twin challenges of water conservation and carbon reduction in a system where production and consumption are spatially mismatched. We develop a novel evaluation framework to quantify how electricity generation and interprovincial transmission redistribute “virtual” water and carbon. The method integrates national water/carbon footprints by technology with a dimensionless provincial resource stress index (SI) that scales footprints to local resource conditions, and couples these with observed electricity flows among 30 provinces (2010, 2015, 2020). We further apply Kaya–LMDI decomposition to attribute changes to average water/carbon intensity, generation efficiency, industrial progressiveness, economic level, and population. Our results show electricity generation and supply concentrated in northern, eastern, and southwestern China, with northern provinces dominated by thermal power and southern provinces by hydropower. In 2020, interprovincial transfers embodied 7.8 billion m³ of virtual water and 758.6 Mt of virtual carbon. Transmission supported national decarbonization by increasing carbon-reduction benefits from 63.6 Mt (2010) to 164.0 Mt (2020), but also increased pressure on water resources, with water depletion rising from 1.2 to 1.9 billion m³. A significant negative correlation between water-conservation and carbon-reduction benefits indicates a persistent trade-off, although its strength weakened over time as provincial mixes diversified. The scenario analysis suggests that province-specific, “balanced” adjustments to the electricity mix can deliver larger joint gains than single-objective (water- or carbon-prioritized) strategies. Overall, our study provides policy implications, including optimizing interprovincial trading patterns, differentiating targets by regional resource endowments, and adopting shared-responsibility mechanisms and compensation instruments for exporting regions. The proposed assessment framework also provides a scalable basis for aligning electricity planning with SDGs and China's carbon-neutrality goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138764"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-stage wind speed prediction with CEEMDAN-SE-IDBO-LSTM based on rolling decomposition","authors":"Jiawei Tan ,&nbsp;Hong Zhu ,&nbsp;Jingrui Zhang ,&nbsp;Houde Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the problem of inaccurate wind speed prediction for wind turbines, this paper proposes a multi-stage coupled “Decomposition-Reconstruction-Optimization-Prediction” approach named CEEMDAN-SE-IDBO-LSTM (CSIL). The method first combines Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) and rolling decomposition strategy to prevent information leakage in traditional decomposition. The wind speed components are standardized into high, medium, and low-frequency categories through Sample Entropy-based reconstruction. Subsequently, an Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer (IDBO) combining Halton sequence initialization, mirror reflection obstacle avoidance, and hybrid Gaussian-Cauchy mutation perturbation strategies is applied to optimize LSTM hyperparameters. The optimized LSTM models then process different frequency components for enhanced prediction. Experimental results indicate that the proposed multi-stage method achieves MAE, RMSE, and MAPE values of 0.4342 m/s, 0.5647 m/s, and 3.8726 % respectively, with R²of 0.8003. This represents significant performance improvements over baseline models and outperforms existing mainstream wind speed prediction methods in both accuracy and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138741"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and performance optimization of non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid solar HVAC systems with magnetic effects using neural networks","authors":"Saleem Nasir ,&nbsp;Zeeshan Khan ,&nbsp;Abdallah S. Berrouk ,&nbsp;Asim Aamir","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study develops a computational framework to examine the integration of Sutterby magneto-hybrid nanofluid (SMHNF) boundary layer behavior into solar-powered heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to enhance thermal performance and energy efficiency through artificial intelligence techniques. A hybrid nanofluid consisting of Cu (copper) and SiO₂ (silicon dioxide) nanoparticles dissolved in propylene glycol (PG) is used to represent the system under the influence of different physical effects, including activation energy, chemical reactions, and solar thermal radiation. To improve physical realism, a three-dimensional model is built that includes Smoluchowski thermal slipping and velocity slip characteristics. The governing partial differential equations are modified utilizing transformation analysis, which is derived from conservation laws, into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The implementation of a linked numerical-ANN technique allows for the prediction and validation of system behavior under a variety of scenarios. The BVP4C solver in MATLAB offers a reference dataset for training a backpropagation neural network using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Strong consistency between artificial neural network (ANN) estimations and numerical findings is demonstrated by function fitness analysis with errors of approximately 10⁻⁰⁴, error histograms, mean squared error evaluation with range 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻⁰⁸, gradient of values 10⁻⁰⁹, and best regression analysis. The research results reveal that solar radiation and magnetic field strength considerably improve solar-HVAC systems' heat transfer performance. Physically, the results show that increases in slippery speed and rotation parameters reduce the velocity profile, whereas increases in thermal and radiative parameters raise the temperature field and enhance heat transfer. For the design and engineering aspects and optimization of comprehensive thermal management mechanisms in renewable energy applications, the suggested modeling and predicting methodology offers valuable insight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138743"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A two-stage coordinated power allocation strategy for onboard hybrid energy storage systems in urban rail transit oriented toward comprehensive operating cost","authors":"Yansong Xu,&nbsp;Xiaotian Xie,&nbsp;Tao Peng,&nbsp;Rongchun Wan,&nbsp;Chao Yang,&nbsp;Chunhua Yang,&nbsp;Weihua Gui","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the dual challenges of enhancing energy efficiency and mitigating lithium-ion battery (LiB) degradation in onboard hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) under grid-connected operation, this paper proposes a novel two-stage coordinated power allocation strategy. The approach minimizes a comprehensive operating cost that integrates both traction energy consumption and LiB degradation. First, an electro-thermal-aging coupled model for the LiB is developed and integrated into a DC traction power supply system (TPSS) model with onboard HESS, enabling real-time quantification of both system power flows and battery degradation dynamics. Subsequently, a two-stage hierarchical power coordination framework is introduced to manage multi-source power interactions between the HESS and the traction network (TN), leveraging the complementary characteristics of the storage devices. This architecture decouples the optimization problem, significantly reducing computational burden. In Stage I, a Dynamic Programming–Dual-Mode Fuzzy Logic Control (DP–DFLC) method schedules supercapacitor (SC) power by combining offline optimal trajectory generation with online adaptive correction. In Stage II, a unified economic metric is innovatively formulated to express both energy consumption cost and degradation cost in a common monetary dimension, thereby avoiding empirical weight tuning in multi-objective optimization. Based on this metric, a cost-aware model predictive control (MPC) method is developed to allocate the smoothed residual power between the LiB pack and TN, while enhancing both interpretability and real-time applicability. Finally, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations validate the effectiveness and real-time feasibility of the proposed strategy, suggesting its promising potential for cost-efficient HESS control under grid-connected rail operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138729"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}