Energy最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the CCUS potential of China's coastal areas based on a source-to-offshore sink matching model","authors":"Xiaoyu Xie ,&nbsp;Kai Li ,&nbsp;Xian Zhang ,&nbsp;Yue Yao ,&nbsp;Jing-Li Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal areas, which are central to China's economy and contribute significantly to its emissions, face substantial challenges in achieving near-zero emissions. Given the high concentration of fossil fuel emission sources in these regions, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) offers a promising solution for achieving deep emission reductions without early infrastructure retirement, particularly in coastal zones where subsea geological formations provide ideal conditions for CO₂ storage. Focusing on industrial emission reductions, we develop a high-resolution source-to-offshore sink matching optimization model to evaluate the CCUS potential in China's coastal regions, with particular emphasis on the cost differentials between onshore and offshore deployment while establishing practical land-sea source-sink connections. The results indicate that offshore basins can store up to 1.91 Gt CO₂ annually from coastal regions. Key factors influencing cost-efficient deployment include CO₂ transport distance and retrofit timing. Extending the allowable transport distance from 150 km to 300 km almost doubles the carbon storage capacity, while postponing retrofitting to 2035 would reduce the potential by approximately 50 % compared with 2030 scenario. Across all scenarios, the abatement cost curves stabilize at around $40–50/t CO₂, primarily from coal-fired power plants (66%–76%) and steel plants (20%–30%). Offshore basins are identified as cost-effective storage options, especially for provinces like Shandong and Jiangsu, which have high offshore CCUS potential (over 240 Mt/a) and relatively low abatement costs (approximately $50/t). Overall, accelerating offshore storage development and prioritizing early demonstration projects are crucial for deep decarbonization of fossil energy industries in coastal areas, especially in southern Chinese coastal provinces with limited onshore storage capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138754"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibration of electrochemical, thermal, and aging parameters for a physics-based lithium-ion battery model assisted by a data driven approach","authors":"Hyeon-Gyu Lee ,&nbsp;Jae-Hoon Jeon ,&nbsp;Kyu-Jin Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) continues to rise, the need for physics-based models capable of accurately assessing internal battery states has become increasingly critical. A major challenge in such modeling lies in the precise calibration of parameters governing electrochemical, thermal, and aging behaviors. This study introduces a genetic algorithm-based optimization strategy to estimate 14 sensitive parameters used in the enhanced single particle model (ESPM), a widely adopted physics-based model for LIBs. The approach leverages a data driven surrogate model built on an artificial neural network (ANN), designed to replicate complex interactions typically captured by physics-based simulations. Compared to direct ESPM computations, the surrogate model achieved a 420 times speed increase under constant current scenarios and an extraordinary 23,970 times improvement during cycle testing. In terms of mean absolute error, the surrogate model demonstrated high precision relative to the ESPM, with deviations constrained to 0.425 mV for voltage, 0.01 °C for temperature, and 0.006 % for state of health (SOH). Parameter optimization targeted voltage, temperature, and SOH across diverse operating conditions, achieving root mean square error values consistently within 30 mV, 0.5 °C, and 0.1 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138717"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation and optimization research of coupled heating system using data center waste heat and solar energy based on seasonal soil heat storage","authors":"Dongliang Sun,&nbsp;Chenfei Zhou,&nbsp;Rumeng Zhao,&nbsp;Zhen Li,&nbsp;Dongxu Han,&nbsp;Yujie Chen,&nbsp;Peng Wang,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A coupled heating system using data center waste heat and solar energy based on seasonal soil heat storage is proposed in this paper. During non-heating season, the coupled heating system stores waste heat from data centers and solar energy in the soil. In the heating season, the system utilizes waste heat from data centers, solar energy, and ground source heat pumps for combined heating. Due to the incorporation of data center waste heat, this coupled heating system is suitable for mid-to-high-rise residential buildings with limited area for solar collectors. To verify the feasibility of the system, this study focuses on 20 ten-story residential buildings and performs an in-depth analysis of the coupled heating system. During the 10-year operation of the system, the average soil temperature increases annually, with a total rise of 0.60 °C. As a result of the gradual increase in soil temperature, the system energy consumption decreases from an initial 3.49 × 10⁶ kWh to 3.42 × 10⁶ kWh, while the COP improves from 4.08 to 4.17. This indicates that the coupled heating system can fully meet the heating demands of mid-to high-rise buildings. Finally, the sensitive variables are used as optimization variables, with the annual cost as the objective function, to perform the economic optimization of the coupled heating system. The result shows that after optimization, the overall cost of the system is reduced by 3.4 %, and the COP of the system improves by approximately 5.7 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138723"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation on combustion emission of hydrogen-ammonia blended natural gas rotary engines","authors":"Xianqi Zhu ,&nbsp;Maoqi Lu ,&nbsp;Kaidi Wan ,&nbsp;Rongtang Liu ,&nbsp;Chongwen Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenge of excessive carbon emissions from natural gas rotary engines, blending hydrogen and ammonia emerges as a promising low-carbon strategy. In this study, combustion strategies for ternary fuel blended rotary engines using hydrogen, ammonia and natural gas are proposed, and the effects of hydrogen/ammonia blending ratios on the combustion emission characteristics of natural gas rotary engines are investigated through three-dimensional numerical simulations. Three categories of blending strategies are examined: hydrogen blending, ammonia blending and hydrogen-ammonia blending. Results indicate that hydrogen blending intensifies the combustion reaction in the natural gas rotary engine, enhances engine performance and significantly reduces carbon emissions. At 40 % hydrogen blending ratio, CO₂ emission can be reduced by up to 34 % and CO emission by up to 98 %, although it also leads to higher NO_<em>x</em> emissions. Regards the ammonia blending, the combustion reaction decelerates, leading to decreased carbon emissions as well, yet causes incomplete combustion and increased NO_<em>x</em> emissions at high blending ratios. When the ammonia blending ratio is below 20 %, the maximum unburned ammonia fraction remains under 4.1 %, indicating an environmentally acceptable blending strategy. Hydrogen-ammonia mixture with 27.3 % hydrogen and 72.7 % ammonia exhibits combustion characteristics closely resembling those of pure natural gas. This ratio effectively mitigates the combustion deficiency of ammonia while maintaining a stable indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and reducing carbon emissions. These findings provide guidance for the design and optimization of low-carbon rotary engines using multi-fuel strategies, achieving emission reduction, and promoting the development of hydrogen economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138691"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryogenic supercritical hydrogen storage: Design and thermodynamic optimization via multi-stage Joule-Brayton refrigeration cycles","authors":"Jingxuan Xu,&nbsp;Ruiqi Wan,&nbsp;Xi Chen,&nbsp;Binlin Dou","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryogenic supercritical hydrogen storage emerges as a novel methodology that combines pressurized cooling to achieve storage densities surpassing conventional compressed gaseous systems while circumventing phase-change complexities inherent to liquid hydrogen storage. This study proposes two cryogenic supercritical hydrogen storage systems employing cascaded Joule-Brayton refrigeration cycles, configured with four-stage and five-stage architectures respectively. The optimized systems attain hydrogen storage conditions of 18 MPa at 50 K, achieving a density of 64.64 kg/m³ that closely approaches liquid hydrogen benchmarks. A refrigerant cascade comprising propane, ethylene, methane, nitrogen, and hydrogen enables progressive cooling through expansion processes. System simulations were conducted in Aspen HYSYS® with thermodynamic optimization via genetic algorithm (GA), effectively minimizing specific energy consumption (SEC). Post-optimization energy, exergy, and heat transfer analyses demonstrate superior performance in the five-stage system, exhibiting an SEC of 5.25 kWh/kg_H2 and exergy efficiency (EXE) of 55.3 %, compared to the four-stage system's 5.49 kWh/kg_H2 and 52.9 %. The results substantiate that cryogenic supercritical hydrogen storage can simultaneously achieve high density and low energy expenditure, with the proposed configurations offering viable pathways for next-generation hydrogen storage infrastructure development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138737"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven multi-objective optimization design of eco-efficient gas circuit breaker","authors":"Minchuan Cao ,&nbsp;Boya Zhang ,&nbsp;Junwei Deng ,&nbsp;Guanyu Wang ,&nbsp;Xingwen Li ,&nbsp;Jindong Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>C₄F₇N is considered the most promising SF₆ alternative in high-voltage gas circuit breaker (GCB) due to its low greenhouse effect and high dielectric strength. However, the arc interruption performance of C₄F₇N falls short of SF₆, posing challenges to developing eco-efficient GCB. The present circuit breaker design, dependent on extensive interruption tests or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, is costly and inefficient, failing to harness the full interruption potential of C₄F₇N. This paper proposes a generic data-driven design framework for multi-objective optimization of GCB. Firstly, a parametric GCB model was established, and several surrogate models were constructed using real CFD simulation data at sampling points. Herein, the global sensitivity analysis methods were employed for design variables screening and interpreting the model behavior. Identified highly sensitive variables encompass the upstream and downstream nozzle inclination as well as chamber height. Subsequently, multi-objective optimization was performed using NSGA-II, with electric field strength/gas flow density (<em>E/ρ</em>) and pressure as optimization objectives. Finally, CFD evaluation of the optimized structures was undertaken to further confirm the validity of the design framework. The results demonstrate the optimization framework effectively improves interruption performance, providing technical guidance to expedite the development of eco-efficient GCB toward achieving a net-zero energy system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138724"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An operating profit-oriented medium-term planning method for renewable-integrated cascaded hydropower","authors":"Xianbang Chen ,&nbsp;Yikui Liu ,&nbsp;Neng Fan ,&nbsp;Lei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For self-scheduling cascaded hydropower (S-CHP) facilities, medium-term planning decisions—such as end-of-day reservoir storage targets—set water usage boundaries for short-term operations, thus directly affecting operating profitability. However, existing medium-term planning methods generally disregard how their decisions will affect short-term operations, which can reduce ultimate profits, especially for S-CHPs integrated with variable renewable energy sources (VRESs). To this end, this paper customizes deep reinforcement learning to develop an operating profit-oriented medium-term planning method for VRES-integrated S-CHPs (VS-CHPs). This method leverages short-term contextual information and trains planning policies based on the operating profits they induce. Moreover, the proposed planning method offers two practical advantages: <em>(i)</em> its planning policies consider both seasonal reservoir storage requirements and the operating profit needs; <em>(ii)</em> it employs a multi-parametric programming strategy to accelerate the computationally intensive training process. Finally, the proposed method is validated on a real-world VS-CHP, demonstrating clear advantages over current practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138686"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent optimization of operation schemes for a crude oil pipeline system under a variable-electricity-price policy","authors":"Zhimin Chen ,&nbsp;Hongfei Liu ,&nbsp;Qing Yuan ,&nbsp;Hezi Liu ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Yujie Chen ,&nbsp;Jingfa Li ,&nbsp;Bo Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The crude oil pipeline system, comprising pumps, control valves, and pipelines, is an energy-intensive infrastructure, with pumps being the primary consumers of electricity. The variability in electricity pricing and the need to ensure device safety make it challenging to determine an optimal operational strategy. To address these issues, this study proposes an improved optimization model that integrates safety-constrained device adjustments and time-of-use electricity pricing (including peak and off-peak periods). A hybrid solution method, combining the optimization strategy with sequence, intelligent optimization algorithm and pipeline system simulation, is developed to identify optimal operation schemes. Applied to a 379 km real-world pipeline with 24 pumps and multiple electricity pricing policies, the model outperforms traditional schemes based on average pricing. The results indicate that adopting a night-priority optimization strategy can lead to more efficient all-day operation, and aligning mass flowrates with adjustable device counts significantly enhances energy efficiency. Specifically, when the flowrate varies within 80 %–120 % of the average and four devices are adjustable, the model achieves substantial energy savings. Compared with the idealized average pricing strategy, the optimized scheme reduces energy costs by 7.67 %, yielding annual savings of CNY 11.66 million over the current on-site strategy. Pressure distribution analysis further validates the rationality of the proposed operation scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138720"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of a novel multi-generation system for nuclear-powered merchant ships","authors":"Min Liu,&nbsp;Guopeng Yu,&nbsp;Huiting Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For ocean-going vessels, stable power production and sufficient energy supply are essential. This study proposes a nuclear-powered combined cooling, heating, power, and freshwater system. Based on a 69 MW nuclear-powered merchant ship, the system achieves cooling through steam extraction-driven absorption refrigeration cycles while innovatively integrating membrane distillation desalination units to recover low-grade waste heat from condensers. Thermodynamic analysis and cost evaluation models are established to assess system performance. Parametric analysis shows that under rated propulsion power conditions, higher split ratio and main steam pressures enhance economic performance. An optimal generator temperature for maximizing system efficiency, achieving a primary energy ratio (<em>PER</em>) of 39.52 %, exergy efficiency (<em>η</em>_ex) of 63.26 %, with a corresponding minimized levelized cost of energy (<em>LCOE</em>) of 0.01065$/kWh. Further exergy destruction and capital cost analyses indicate the steam generator accounts for the largest exergy loss (32.1 %), while turbine constitutes the major capital investment (36.68 %). The proposed multi-generation system demonstrates an attractive payback period of 9.3 months. Compared with the original system, the multi-generation system demonstrates superior thermodynamic and economic performance, which provides an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the integrated design of future energy systems for nuclear-powered ships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138730"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional layout optimization framework of an umbilical with fillers based on image processing method","authors":"Zhirui Fan ,&nbsp;Xu Yin ,&nbsp;Zhixun Yang ,&nbsp;Svein Sævik ,&nbsp;Donghui Cao ,&nbsp;Jun Yan ,&nbsp;Wenshu Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Umbilicals are the critical component to connect the offshore renewable energy system (e.g., floating wind turbines, wave energy converters) and floating platform. Their cross-sectional layout plays a crucial role in ensuring mechanical performance, energy transmission reliability, and structural integrity. Traditional layout optimizations mainly focus on functional components (e.g., steel tubes, electrical and optical cables), often leaving substantial internal gaps. These gaps reduce compactness and radial stiffness of cross-section, and thereby potentially compromise the system reliability and safety. Additionally, direct steel tube contact increases failure risks caused by inner wear. Integrating fillers into the optimization process is crucial, but the coupling between filler and functional component layouts, along with irregular gaps, makes determining optimal filler parameters (e.g., number, position, radius) highly challenging. So, a cross-sectional filling method based on morphological image processing is proposed to automatically determine filler parameters. In this method, grayscale and binarization operations identify the filling domain, while morphological dilation and erosion remove minor regions. The flood-fill algorithm is then performed to segment the domain, and detect subdomain boundaries. Finally, the filler radii are determined through Euclidean distances between pixels. To reduce manufacturing costs, three schemes, i.e., maximum, minimum, and average radius filling schemes are applied to uniform the filler radii. Based on this, a cross-sectional layout optimization model is formulated to maximize compactness while ensuring the performances of inner wear, and heat dissipation. To efficiently solve this optimization problem, a two-stage approach based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) is proposed. In comprehensive solving stage, GA and SQP are combined to ensure a global searching capability while enhancing the local searching efficiency. In the fine-tuning stage, only SQP is used for a rapid cross-sectional layout adjustment. Finally, we validate the effectiveness and applicability of our method through numerical examples. The proposed framework is helpful to improve layout efficiency, ensure the reliability of umbilical systems, and enhance the safety and performance of offshore renewable energy infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138695"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}