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Exploring waste heat recovery from applied smouldering systems 探索应用闷烧系统的余热回收

IF 9.4 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138527

Ryan B. Morales , Tarek L. Rashwan , Marco A.B. Zanoni , Christopher T. DeGroot , Jason I. Gerhard

{"title":"Exploring waste heat recovery from applied smouldering systems","authors":"Ryan B. Morales , Tarek L. Rashwan , Marco A.B. Zanoni , Christopher T. DeGroot , Jason I. Gerhard","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Applied smouldering systems are used to treat stockpiles of contaminated soils as well as organic liquid/sludge wastes intentionally mixed within a porous medium (e.g., sand). These systems treat virtually all contaminants/wastes, and leave behind a hot, clean, porous media. Large amounts of excess thermal energy are generated during smouldering and ultimately exhausted to the external environment when the hot bed is convectively cooled after treatment. This wasted heat can be harnessed to offset system energy requirements and enhance this system's sustainability, reduce environmental impact, and improve economic competitiveness. In this study, a novel three-dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate treatment bed cooling after smouldering and explore the waste heat recovery potential. Key system parameters and bed temperature data from a real-world commercial smouldering application were used to construct the model boundary and initial conditions. This model quantified the temporal availability and quality (i.e., exergy) of the exhaust waste heat for the first time. The model showed how the practical cooling period lasted 4.1 days, where 86 % of the energy stored in the bed was exhausted over this time and the energy release rate was governed by the bed's cooling velocity. Moreover, it was found that the cumulative output exergy during the cooling phase was 45 % of the cumulative electrical energy needed to drive equipment during the smouldering phase. Therefore, this waste heat could substantially offset the energy requirements in neighbouring systems. Overall, this study reveals the significant opportunity for waste heat recovery from applied smouldering systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138527"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A two-stage coordinated power allocation strategy for onboard hybrid energy storage systems in urban rail transit oriented toward comprehensive operating cost 面向综合运行成本的城市轨道交通车载混合储能系统两阶段协调功率分配策略

IF 9.4 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138729

Yansong Xu, Xiaotian Xie, Tao Peng, Rongchun Wan, Chao Yang, Chunhua Yang, Weihua Gui

{"title":"A two-stage coordinated power allocation strategy for onboard hybrid energy storage systems in urban rail transit oriented toward comprehensive operating cost","authors":"Yansong Xu, Xiaotian Xie, Tao Peng, Rongchun Wan, Chao Yang, Chunhua Yang, Weihua Gui","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the dual challenges of enhancing energy efficiency and mitigating lithium-ion battery (LiB) degradation in onboard hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) under grid-connected operation, this paper proposes a novel two-stage coordinated power allocation strategy. The approach minimizes a comprehensive operating cost that integrates both traction energy consumption and LiB degradation. First, an electro-thermal-aging coupled model for the LiB is developed and integrated into a DC traction power supply system (TPSS) model with onboard HESS, enabling real-time quantification of both system power flows and battery degradation dynamics. Subsequently, a two-stage hierarchical power coordination framework is introduced to manage multi-source power interactions between the HESS and the traction network (TN), leveraging the complementary characteristics of the storage devices. This architecture decouples the optimization problem, significantly reducing computational burden. In Stage I, a Dynamic Programming–Dual-Mode Fuzzy Logic Control (DP–DFLC) method schedules supercapacitor (SC) power by combining offline optimal trajectory generation with online adaptive correction. In Stage II, a unified economic metric is innovatively formulated to express both energy consumption cost and degradation cost in a common monetary dimension, thereby avoiding empirical weight tuning in multi-objective optimization. Based on this metric, a cost-aware model predictive control (MPC) method is developed to allocate the smoothed residual power between the LiB pack and TN, while enhancing both interpretability and real-time applicability. Finally, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations validate the effectiveness and real-time feasibility of the proposed strategy, suggesting its promising potential for cost-efficient HESS control under grid-connected rail operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138729"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of combustion and emission characteristics of diesel/alcohol dual-fuel in a pressure-difference controlled same needle injector system with synergistic EGR optimization 基于协同EGR优化的压差控制同针式喷油器柴油/酒精双燃料燃烧与排放特性对比分析

IF 9.4 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138663

Zhi Tian , Xupeng Feng , Yang Wang , Xudong Zhen , Xiaoyan Li

{"title":"Comparative analysis of combustion and emission characteristics of diesel/alcohol dual-fuel in a pressure-difference controlled same needle injector system with synergistic EGR optimization","authors":"Zhi Tian , Xupeng Feng , Yang Wang , Xudong Zhen , Xiaoyan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs experimental and simulation methods to investigate a same-needle diesel-alcohol dual-fuel injector system based on pressure difference (ΔP) control. Under a 70 % load operating condition, a comparative analysis is conducted on the combustion and emission characteristics of three dual-fuel modes (diesel-methanol/ethanol/N-butanol (DMDF, DEDF, and DNDF)) and diesel in combination with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The results indicated that as the alcohol substitution ratio decreased (increased ΔP), CA10 occurred earlier, the combustion duration was prolonged. Among the four modes evaluated, the DMDF mode demonstrated the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and the most significant emission reduction capabilities. Specifically, compared to conventional diesel operation, the BTE was improved by up to 9.77 %. Additionally, emissions of NO<sub>x</sub> and soot were significantly reduced by a maximum of 70.98 % and 99.7 %, respectively. These benefits are mainly due to methanol’s high oxygen content, rapid combustion rate, and substantial evaporative cooling effect, which together enhance combustion completeness and suppress pollutant formation. Moreover, the combination of DMDF and EGR effectively alleviated the NO<sub>x</sub>-soot trade-off. The study demonstrates that DMDF with the dual-fuel injector and EGR offers a highly promising pathway toward achieving high-efficiency, ultra-low emission engines applicable to transportation sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 138663"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Frost suppression performance and degradation mitigation strategy of superhydrophobic air source heat pump 超疏水空气源热泵抑霜性能及退化减缓策略

IF 9.4 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138690

Rui Tang , Wenzhe Wei , Yunfeng Wang , Wei Wang , Yuying Sun , Chuanmin Dai , Zhouyang Luo , Weiming Teng , Shen Wei

{"title":"Frost suppression performance and degradation mitigation strategy of superhydrophobic air source heat pump","authors":"Rui Tang , Wenzhe Wei , Yunfeng Wang , Wei Wang , Yuying Sun , Chuanmin Dai , Zhouyang Luo , Weiming Teng , Shen Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The superhydrophobic coating exhibits excellent frosting suppression performance on a single surface or a full-scale heat exchanger. However, its suppression performance when used in air source heat pumps (ASHPs) is still unclear, owing to the more complex factors. To promote its application in ASHPs, the superhydrophobic coating with good durability was fabricated, and used to manufacture the superhydrophobic ASHP. Its space heating and frosting performance under different frosting conditions were investigated. Then, for its frost suppression performance degradation problem during continuous frosting-defrosting process, the reasons were analyzed and a solution was proposed. Experimental results showed that the frost suppression performance of superhydrophobic ASHP varies significantly under different frosting condition. Its frost suppression performance was excellent at the 2/1 °C condition, while failed at the −3/-4 °C condition. At 2/1 °C condition, its heating duration, average heating capacity and coefficient of performance were increased by 16.00 %, 10.91 %, and 6.35 %, compared to conventional hydrophilic ASHP. During the continue frosting-defrosting cycles, the frost suppression performance of the superhydrophobic ASHP degraded gradually, owing to the fan blade and fan shroud icing. By adopting the proposed control strategy combining fan reverse operation and electric heating film operation, the frost suppression performance degradation problem was addressed effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 138690"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The graphene formation via flash Joule heating: The effect of cooling rate 闪蒸焦耳加热石墨烯的形成：冷却速率的影响

IF 9.4 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138673

Mingfan Zhang , Dikun Hong , Tong Xu , Yao Zhang , Mengyang Sun , Chunbo Wang

{"title":"The graphene formation via flash Joule heating: The effect of cooling rate","authors":"Mingfan Zhang , Dikun Hong , Tong Xu , Yao Zhang , Mengyang Sun , Chunbo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional graphene synthesis encounter significant challenges in scalability, cost, and efficiency, which hinder their industrial applicability. Although flash Joule heating (FJH) enables the efficient and cost-effective production of high-quality graphene, its underlying mechanism, particularly the effect of cooling rate, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this work, ReaxFF molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) simulations were utilized to investigate the conversion of natural rubber into graphene via FJH. The results demonstrated that the rapid cooling process played a critical role in flash graphene formation. Radial distribution function analysis confirmed that the products obtained under cooling were high-quality graphene, with further improvements observed at slower cooling rates (0.22 K/ps and 0.44 K/ps). Moreover, potential energy assessments indicated that cyclization occurred more rapidly under ultrafast cooling, resulting in lower-quality graphene. Two crucial mechanisms were revealed to govern graphene formation via FJH. Firstly, the carbon source underwent rapid pyrolysis at transient high temperatures, during which tar and gases were released, leaving behind a char residue that condensed into graphene during the subsequent rapid cooling stage. Secondly, the reduction in system potential energy during the cooling process facilitated cyclization, with the reaction initiating once the potential energy reached approximately 75000 kcal/mol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 138673"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of unmanned rice production methods in China: an evaluation of energy and economic benefits 中国水稻无人化生产方式的比较分析：能源效益与经济效益评价

IF 9.4 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138671

Haibin Zhu, Yuankun Gu, Yuan Feng, Kaiwei Zhang, Yang Wang, Zhipeng Xing, Hui Gao, Haiyan Wei, Hongcheng Zhang, Qun Hu

{"title":"Comparative analysis of unmanned rice production methods in China: an evaluation of energy and economic benefits","authors":"Haibin Zhu, Yuankun Gu, Yuan Feng, Kaiwei Zhang, Yang Wang, Zhipeng Xing, Hui Gao, Haiyan Wei, Hongcheng Zhang, Qun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the potential application value of various unmanned rice planting methods, we performed quantitative comparisons of energy utilization and economic benefits for unmanned aerial seeding (UAS), unmanned dry direct seeding (UDDS), and unmanned carpet transplanting (UCT) from 2021 to 2023. The results showed that the total energy inputs in UAS and UDDS were significantly lower than that in UCT, reflecting decreases of 10.13 % and 13.84 %, respectively. UCT demanded considerably more diesel, water, plastics, and labor than the other methods, while UAS significantly reduced inputs of machinery, diesel, water, and labor but increased inputs of electricity, seeds, and farm chemicals. Meanwhile, UDDS further decreased diesel and water consumption despite more machinery input. Although both UAS and UDDS caused lower energy outputs of grain and straw yields, only UDDS showed a significant difference from UCT, while all methods exhibited similar net energy. Additionally, UAS and UDDS significantly outperformed UCT in energy use efficiency, profitability, and productivity, while also significantly reducing specific energy consumption. Both economic income and cost trends were UCT > UAS > UCT, with UAS and UCT differing significantly only in costs, while UDDS and UCT differed significantly in both indicators. However, there was no statical difference in net profit or net return rate among the methods. These findings suggest that UAS is promising for rice unmanned cultivation with the characteristics of low-cost and high-income and coordinating grain yield and food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 138671"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High potential of urban area originally inedible food waste for bioenergy to mitigate climate change 城市地区原本不可食用的食物垃圾转化为生物能源以缓解气候变化的巨大潜力

IF 9.4 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138665

Weiguo Liu , Zemeng Ma , Kui Wang , Mingjie Fang , Xiaofan Gan , Bingqian Guo , Jingcong Xie , Changhui Peng

{"title":"High potential of urban area originally inedible food waste for bioenergy to mitigate climate change","authors":"Weiguo Liu , Zemeng Ma , Kui Wang , Mingjie Fang , Xiaofan Gan , Bingqian Guo , Jingcong Xie , Changhui Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Original Inedible Food Waste (OIFW) represents a significant untapped resource that could generate considerable bioenergy and help combat climate change; however, the potential availability for bioenergy and associated mitigation effects has not been rigorously assessed. Here, we quantified the amount of OIFW available in urban areas worldwide, and evaluated the contribution to climate change and mitigation effect when OIFW was used for producing combined heat and power (CHP). Our analysis revealed that the world’s total potential available OIFW was 11.896–71.204 million ton carbon and could provide 239.911–1197.487 PJ bioenergy. The overall contribution to climate change ranged from −22.567 ± 0.265 to −420.332 ± 10.395 million ton CO<sub>2</sub> eq. The maximum possible mitigation effect is estimated at 554.94 ± 10.395 million tons CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent (up to 17.9 % of the global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from natural gas-derived electricity and heat), with a minimum effect at around 47.769 ± 0.265 million ton CO<sub>2</sub> eq. Therefore, an early deployment of OIFW collection system for CHP is in need to harness OIFW as a resource for bioenergy and a solution for climate change mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 138665"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental study on combined cooling and heating supply of a transcritical CO2 heat pump based on high-temperature heating optimization 基于高温供热优化的跨临界CO2热泵冷热联供实验研究

IF 9.4 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138660

Lingxiao Yang , Xin Wang , Bo Xu , Zhenqian Chen

{"title":"Experimental study on combined cooling and heating supply of a transcritical CO2 heat pump based on high-temperature heating optimization","authors":"Lingxiao Yang , Xin Wang , Bo Xu , Zhenqian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transcritical CO<sub>2</sub> cycle has great advantages in the combined cooling and heating scenario requiring large heating temperature differences. With the research objective of combined cooling and high-temperature heating (CHH) by the transcritical CO<sub>2</sub> heat pump (TCHP), four parts of the study have been conducted sequentially, focusing on the operational characteristics of the system, the optimization of throttle opening benchmarks, the optimization of controllable parameters and the influence of internal heat exchanger (IHX) on the system. As the result shows: Raising the system heating temperature (<em>T</em><sub>h</sub>) will always reduce its operational performance, and adjusting the compressor speed has a relatively better effect on increasing <em>T</em><sub>h</sub>; A smaller throttle opening can significantly improve the CHH performance of the system, and up to 30.24 % elevation in combined system COP has been reported by optimizing throttle opening benchmarks; The synergistic control strategy of controllable parameters allow the system to achieve optimum operational performance. The optimum combined COP obtained at <em>T</em><sub>h</sub> levels of 80, 90 and 100 °C are 5.193, 4.475 and 3.905, respectively; Introducing IHX has a clear impact on enhancing system performance, with combined COP improvements ranging from 4.25 % to 17.82 % in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 138660"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co/Zn synergistic catalysis: Carbon nanotubes wrapped N-doped porous carbon derived from MOF as electrode materials for supercapacitors Co/Zn协同催化：碳纳米管包裹n掺杂多孔碳制备的MOF作为超级电容器电极材料

IF 9.4 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138667

Run-Sheng Zhai , Chen-Yu Li , Hui Huang , Guang-Ping Zhang

{"title":"Co/Zn synergistic catalysis: Carbon nanotubes wrapped N-doped porous carbon derived from MOF as electrode materials for supercapacitors","authors":"Run-Sheng Zhai , Chen-Yu Li , Hui Huang , Guang-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived porous carbon materials, specifically CoZn/NC, for supercapacitors is achieved through a one-step annealing process of the precursor ZIF-67@ZIF-8, which has a distinctive flower-like structure. The flower-like structure is formed under the influence of the introduced SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, which accelerates the nucleation of ZIF-67. This process enables the CoZn/NC material to combine the advantages of a balanced pore size distribution, a high specific surface area, and high nitrogen content. As a result, the electrical energy storage is improved and pseudocapacitance is introduced. Furthermore, characterization results indicate that moderate amounts of carbon nanotubes grow on the surface of the carbon material. This growth is facilitated by the catalysis of cobalt nanoparticles and the synergistic effects of zinc. These carbon nanotubes help form an excellent conductive network. Electrochemical tests reveal that the specific capacitance of the CoZn/NC carbon material reaches 324.1 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup> and retains 98.8 % of its initial capacitance after 14000 cycles at 10 A g<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally, the CoZn/NC material, when assembled into symmetrical capacitors, achieves an energy density of 16 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density of 300.8 W kg<sup>−1</sup>, surpassing the performance of most other electrode materials derived from MOF-based porous carbon reported in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 138667"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide/propane mixture for efficient heat extraction from salinity gradient solar ponds 利用超临界二氧化碳/丙烷混合物从盐度梯度太阳能池中高效提取热量

IF 9.4 1区工程技术

Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138525

Morteza Khoshvaght-Aliabadi , Fatemeh Hojjati , Yong Tae Kang

{"title":"Utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide/propane mixture for efficient heat extraction from salinity gradient solar ponds","authors":"Morteza Khoshvaght-Aliabadi , Fatemeh Hojjati , Yong Tae Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.138525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient heat extraction from salinity gradient solar ponds remains a critical challenge for their practical application and widespread adoption. This study addresses this challenge by investigating the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO<sub>2</sub>)/propane binary mixtures as high-performance heat transfer fluids in the internal heat exchanger of solar ponds, which represents a novel approach in this field. A comprehensive three-dimensional numerical analysis is conducted, and the system is optimized using response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design and Analysis of Variance to systematically assess the influence of design and operational parameters on key performance indicators, including heat extraction rate, outlet fluid temperature, and pumping power. The results reveal that introducing propane modifies the flow dynamics of sCO<sub>2</sub> by altering the balance between centrifugal and buoyancy forces, which reduces the Richardson number and significantly affects the thermal and hydraulic behavior. Notably, higher mass fluxes amplify thermal variations, while increased propane content stabilizes them. Pumping power initially decreases with propane addition up to a 60 % mass fraction, followed by a slight increase. Optimization demonstrates that mass flux predominantly governs heat extraction, whereas propane mass fraction is more influential in increasing the outlet temperature. The best-performing configurations achieve a 110.6 % increase in heat extraction rate and a 4.8 % increase in outlet temperature compared to the central point, highlighting the potential of sCO<sub>2</sub>/propane mixtures for efficient solar pond thermal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"337 ","pages":"Article 138525"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0