Energy最新文献

{"title":"A two-stage hybrid stochastic-robust policy of decentralized distributionally energy management for offshore oil and gas platform energy hub coupled with shared energy marine transport fleets","authors":"Jiayi Fan ,&nbsp;Yiyang Ni ,&nbsp;Liang Qi ,&nbsp;Wei Yuan ,&nbsp;Yeng Chai Soh","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustainable operation of Offshore Integrated Energy Hubs (OIEHs) faces significant challenges, particularly in achieving energy self-sufficiency and enhancing resilience against complex operational interactions—issues compounded by the prevailing reliance on fossil fuel-based systems. This paper proposes a novel Decentralized Energy Management (DEM) strategy designed specifically for OIEHs, involving the integration of Shared Energy Marine Transport Fleets (SEMTFs) equipped with Mobile Electrical Storage Packs (MESPs) to facilitate decentralized power delivery. A major contribution of this research is the development of a Coordinated Linkage Energy Flow Model (CLEFM), enabling dynamic and efficient spatiotemporal energy exchange between the seaport and offshore hubs. Furthermore, the study introduces an innovative hybrid uncertainty management framework based on a two-stage methodology: scenario-based stochastic programming combined with robust optimization leveraging risk-averse decision-maker-based information gap decision theory. This dual approach addresses critical uncertainties associated with offshore renewable energy generation and fluctuating demand profiles. The resulting DEM problem is formulated as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model and solved using the CPLEX solver within a GAMS environment. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system, seven comprehensive case studies were conducted. Simulation results demonstrate considerable improvements in system flexibility, sustainability, and autonomy, as well as enhanced responsiveness to varying operational conditions. Notably, the proposed strategy achieved operational cost reductions ranging from 55 % to 81 %, with these savings explicitly attributed to optimized utilization of PEMFCs, BDGs, and SEMTFs—elements that represent the primary contributors to the system's operational expenditures. In addition, the model integrates Demand Response Programs (DRPs) and Seaport-Independent Centralized Clean Energy Sources (SICCESs), further improving the robustness and energy independence of OIEHs. Overall, the proposed approach offers a scalable, resilient, and economically viable framework that addresses critical gaps in offshore energy operations, thereby advancing the development of green synergy policies and promoting long-term sustainability in marine energy ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136471"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy efficiency optimization of multistage centrifugal pumps based on blade loading control: Insights into flow instability suppression mechanism","authors":"Jiantao Zhao ,&nbsp;Ji Pei ,&nbsp;Zhongsheng Wang ,&nbsp;Benying Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenjie Wang ,&nbsp;Xingcheng Gan ,&nbsp;Giorgio Pavesi","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multistage centrifugal pumps (MSCPs) are critical for high-pressure fluid transport, and their hydraulic efficiency directly affects the energy consumption of energy systems. However, flow instabilities result in substantial energy loss. This study employed blade loading theory, which is closely related to the flow field state, to achieve a parametric blade design. A non-expert-driven optimization framework was constructed by integrating the Metamodel of Optimal Prognosis (MoP) with the technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution based on the entropy weight method (EW-TOPSIS). The optimization objective was to improve the hydraulic efficiency of the pump in the preferred operating range, with a constant pressure-boosting performance as a constraint. The results demonstrated that the efficiency improvement exceeded 2 % across the targeted operating range. Moreover, the MoP exhibited a strong predictive capability, even in multi-parameter scenarios with limited sample data. Further vortex dynamics analysis revealed that loading redistribution reduced the incidence angle, suppressed flow separation on the blade suction surface, and, under high-flow conditions, regulated the dominant vortex transport mechanisms governed by vortex diffusion and dissipation. This research demonstrated that optimizing blade loading serves as an effective passive flow control strategy for MSCPs, enabling significant improvements in energy conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136586"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of thermophysical properties of working fluids on the performance of a double-stage organic flash cycle with an evaporator and an ejector","authors":"Mingtao Wang,&nbsp;Yanan Hou,&nbsp;Pengji Chen,&nbsp;Huanwei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comparative study on the net power output between the double-stage organic flash cycle (DOFC) and DOFC with an evaporator and an ejector (EE-DOFC). It further investigates the influence of the critical parameters and the ratio of the latent heat of vaporization to the specific heat (<em>γ</em>/<em>c</em>_p) of the working fluid on the EE-DOFC performance. The results demonstrate that substituting the high- and low-stage throttle valves in the DOFC with an evaporator and an ejector can significantly reduce irreversible losses during throttling, while concurrently lowering pump irreversibility and heat source exergy destruction. The EE-DOFC exhibits substantial variation in power output enhancement depending on the working fluid, with improvements ranging from 12.7 % to 84.6 %. The thermophysical properties of the working fluid significantly influence EE-DOFC performance enhancement. Specifically, a reduced critical pressure lowers the evaporation pressure, while a decreased <em>γ</em>/<em>c</em>_p improves ejector entrainment ratio, both contributing to system performance improvement. Working fluids with higher critical temperature or lower critical pressure generally exhibit better thermal performance. This performance advantage is further enhanced when the working fluid exhibits a lower <em>γ</em>/<em>c</em>_p, leading to a synergistic enhancement in EE-DOFC performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136605"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-dimensional performance evaluation of straw heat utilization scenarios based on transportation and boiler type","authors":"Tong Li ,&nbsp;Guoxia Wei ,&nbsp;Hanqiao Liu ,&nbsp;Yuwen Zhu ,&nbsp;Yongyue Gong ,&nbsp;Tong Liu ,&nbsp;Youcheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass energy utilization is one of the effective technological ways to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. Different scenarios for heat utilization of straw in China, namely straw pellet fuel boiler for heating, straw gasifier for cogeneration and straw direct combustion boilers for cogeneration (circulating fluidized bed, water-cooled vibrating grate and combined grate) and were evaluated and compared by energy flow analysis (EFA), life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) methods. The system boundary includes two stages: (Ⅰ) straw collection, processing and transportation; (Ⅱ) straw energy conversion. EFA results show that the heat utilization efficiency of corn straw direct combustion cogeneration scenarios is 35.50 %–39.81 %, which is higher than the 30.13 % of the gasification cogeneration scenarios. LCA results show that the straw direct combustion cogeneration scenarios is more environmentally friendly, in which the combined grate exhibits the lowest environmental impact with an ECER value of −2.8 × 10⁻⁹. LCC results show that the combined grate scenario has the lowest economic cost of −165.05 RMB, but the payback time as 16 years. The straw heating scenario has the highest economic cost of −66.89 RMB, but it only takes 7 years to break even. Overall, combined grate cogeneration is more environmentally friendly, but less economically sustainable. Transportation accounts for 2.3 %–3.8 % of the environmental impact throughout the entire lifecycle and increases with factory scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136608"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy oil production assisted by super-long gravity heat pipe geothermal energy utilization","authors":"Ang Li ,&nbsp;R.S. Anand ,&nbsp;Juanwen Chen ,&nbsp;Wenbo Huang ,&nbsp;Zhibin Li ,&nbsp;Qingshan Ma ,&nbsp;Shaowei Cai ,&nbsp;Fangming Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy oil exploitation is traditionally associated with high energy consumption due to the significant heat required for thermal recovery and production processes. Conventional techniques often struggle to efficiently maintain wellbore temperatures, particularly in the upper sections. This study proposes a super-long gravity heat pipe (SLGHP) as a sustainable and energy-efficient solution to optimize wellbore temperature distribution particularly by elevating the wellhead temperature without additional energy input. By transferring heat from deep, high-temperature regions to the cooler upper sections, the SLGHP enhances the thermal performance of heavy oil production systems. A numerical model is developed to investigate the coupled heat transfer dynamics among the SLGHP, steel pipe wall, production fluid, and surrounding geological formation. The performance of SLGHP is evaluated under various operational and geological parameters, including water cut, production rate, geothermal gradient, and formation thermal conductivity. Results demonstrate that SLGHP can typically improve wellhead temperature by up to 20 °C, reducing production fluid viscosity by 67.8 % compared to conventional system. Higher water cuts and geothermal gradients further enhance thermal optimization, with wellhead temperature improvements exceed 30 °C under high geothermal gradient (0.06 °C/m). Lower production rates maximize the system efficiency, while formations with lower thermal conductivity minimize heat loss and further enhance thermal performance. This study highlights the potential of SLGHP technology to overcome the limitations of conventional thermal recovery methods, enabling sustainable and energy-efficient heavy oil production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136591"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical studies on a novel air path design featured with the sequential turbocharging and the low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation for the marine two-stroke engine fulfilling the IMO Tier Ⅲ regulation","authors":"Yujun Tang ,&nbsp;Jinbao Liu ,&nbsp;Min Liu ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Feng ,&nbsp;Kangyao Deng ,&nbsp;Sipeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Shuzhan Bai ,&nbsp;Guoxiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an effective technology for reducing NO_x emissions, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has been extensively applied to comply with Tier Ⅲ regulations in marine two-stroke engines. Nevertheless, the high-pressure EGR (HP-EGR) system imposes higher requirements on the design and control of the turbocharging system, particularly when sequential turbocharging is employed to enhance fuel efficiency. In this paper, a novel sequential turbocharging low-pressure EGR (LP-EGR) scenario is proposed. Detailed thermodynamic and numerical analyses of sequential turbocharging combined with LP-EGR and HP-EGR are then conducted and compared with a special focus on scavenging and combustion processes. The results show that optimal fuel economy in multi-mode operations is achieved by sequential turbocharging LP-EGR and HP-EGR employing the equivalent flow area ratio of large and small turbines of 6:4 and 7:3, respectively. Meanwhile, a reduced large turbine throttle valve opening and an increased cylinder bypass rate are required for the NO_x emission reduction in LP-EGR and the scavenging air pressure restoration in HP-EGR at part loads, respectively. Compared to sequential turbocharging HP-EGR, the combined fuel consumption of sequential turbocharging LP-EGR featuring a simpler structure is improved by 1∼4 g/kW·h and 1–3 g/kW·h in Tier Ⅱ and Tier Ⅲ operation, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136574"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic analysis and evaluation of a sub-ambient synergistic Carnot battery for external waste heat recovery and data-center cooling: A preliminary investigation","authors":"Shucheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Kunteng Huang ,&nbsp;Haocheng Wu ,&nbsp;Li Zhao ,&nbsp;RuiZhao Gao ,&nbsp;Weicong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of data centers has led to significant increases in cooling energy consumption and operational costs. While waste heat recovery from data center has proven effective in improving system efficiency, existing solutions primarily operate in a 24/7 mode, limiting the ability to capture economic benefits from peak-valley electricity price differences. To maximize peak-valley electricity price benefits in data center cooling operations, this study proposes a novel Carnot battery system that synergistically integrates data center cooling, waste heat recovery, and thermal energy storage. The coupling approach allows operation mode switching between peak and valley periods while maintaining continuous cooling supply. Thermodynamic and exergy analysis models are developed to investigate the effects of different working fluid combinations and operating parameters on system performance. Results show that the R717-R1233zd(E) working fluid pair achieves optimal performance with a maximum round-trip efficiency (<em>η</em>_rt) of 58.78 % while meeting continuous cooling demands. The optimal operating conditions were identified at hot and cold reservoir temperatures of 293.15 K and 283.15 K respectively, with system performance significantly degrading as conditions deviate from these points up to 48.28 % reduction in heat pump COP and 66.67 % reduction in ORC efficiency. Furthermore, when implemented in Hangzhou, the system demonstrates substantial economic benefits, reducing daily operational costs by up to 14,000 CNY compared to conventional cooling methods. This study provides a reference case for innovative cooling system design in data center applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136536"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Prediction of flow induced vibration and energy capture for VIVACE converter improved by maglev in ultra-low velocity zones","authors":"Zhenbang Yang,&nbsp;Xu Bai,&nbsp;Jialu Wang,&nbsp;Wen Zhang,&nbsp;Guoqiang Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using flow-induced vibration (FIV) for low-velocity ocean current energy generation is an effective approach. Due to the poor vibration performance of oscillators supported by metal springs in ultra-low flow velocity zones, leaving a significant gap in studies in ultra-low flow velocity zones. This study found that replacing metal springs with a maglev system to support the oscillator results in better flow-induced vibration characteristics in low flow velocity zones. It is speculated to perform better in ultra-low flow velocity zone. Therefore, this study employs maglev-supported oscillators to investigate flow-induced vibration in ultra-low flow velocity zones, which holds significant implications for deep-sea power generation research. This study uses the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method and the equivalent magnetic charge method to develop a coupled model of a flow-induced vibration system and a maglev system. Numerical simulations are conducted to research the effects of magnetic forces on the FIV characteristics and energy capture efficiency of the oscillator in ultra-low velocity zones. This study found a transition velocity at <em>U</em> = 0.3 m/s. When the flow velocity increases to this transition velocity, the vibration state of the oscillator in certain conditions changes. It is found that among the oscillators supported by maglev with a magnetic spacing of 4.2<em>D</em>, the oscillator with a mass ratio of 1.798 achieves the highest energy capture efficiency at this transition velocity, the highest energy capture efficiency of the oscillator is 18.974 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136519"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation and experimental study on cavitation and pressure fluctuation characteristics of low head pumped storage system under pump operating conditions","authors":"Weixuan Jiao ,&nbsp;Xuanwen Jia ,&nbsp;Li Cheng ,&nbsp;Jiameng Xu ,&nbsp;Ao Liang ,&nbsp;Haotian Fan ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-head pumped storage systems are essential components of renewable energy infrastructure due to their cost-effectiveness and operational flexibility. However, cavitation during the pump mode poses challenges to system stability and energy efficiency. This study combines experimental measurements with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to investigate cavitation dynamics and associated pressure fluctuations characteristics in a 1:5.25 scaled model of a low-head pumped storage system. The results reveal that cavitation-induced pressure fluctuations are most pronounced at the impeller inlet and chamber, and the pressure fluctuations caused by cavitation result in changes in the number of pressure pulsation peaks and valleys at the impeller during a single rotation cycle. The guide vane exhibit intricate spectrum behaviors dominated by blade-passing frequencies as well as rotor-stator interactions. Meanwhile, high-frequency fluctuations observed at the guide vane outlet indicated significant vortex activity. The outlet bend is characterized by turbulent flow accompanied by energy losses, whereas the outlet passage sustained low-frequency fluctuations. Vortex structures show strong correlations with vapor formation, predominantly accumulating on blade pressure surfaces under low head conditions while extending toward suction surfaces at higher heads. Both experimental and numerical results demonstrate high consistency, featuring simulation errors below 4 %. This work underscores the necessity for real-time monitoring of critical components alongside adaptive operational protocols aimed at mitigating cavitation phenomena. The findings provide actionable strategies for optimizing system design and enhancing energy efficiency within renewable-integrated power grids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136515"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid framework for short-term load forecasting based on optimized InMetra Boost and BiLSTM","authors":"Qinghe Zhao,&nbsp;Shengduo Wang,&nbsp;Yuqi Chen,&nbsp;Jinlong Liu,&nbsp;Yujia Sun,&nbsp;Tong Su,&nbsp;Ningning Li,&nbsp;Junlong Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate short-term load forecasting is essential for maintaining stable and efficient power grid operations, especially with the increasing complexity introduced by renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a novel hybrid model for day-ahead Short-Term Load Forecasting, combining an improved Boosting algorithm, InMetra Boost, and a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory model. InMetra Boost introduces an asymmetric penalty mechanism, allowing for more precise handling of positive and negative forecast deviations. The model's hyperparameters are optimized using the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator, and the temporal dependencies in load data are further captured by a BiLSTM model, whose architecture is refined via the Cuckoo Search algorithm. The proposed TPE-IMB-CS-BiLSTM (Tree-structured Parzen Estimator optimized InMetra Boost within BiLSTM tuned by Cuckoo Search) framework was evaluated on real-world Estonian grid data, demonstrating superior performance compared to traditional models. Firstly, the TPE-IMB model achieves a significant improvement, reducing MAE from 34.86 MW in the original boosting model to 30.38 MW, and RMSE from 47.79 MW to 40.45 MW. Secondly, the hybrid TPE-IMB-CS-BiLSTM model further enhances accuracy, reducing MAE to 27.77 MW and RMSE to 36.55 MW, significantly outperforming the TPE-IMB and vanilla BiLSTM models. Lastly, compared to other state-of-the-art models, the proposed model achieves the best performance with a 24.66 % reduction in MAE and 26.74 % reduction in RMSE, demonstrating superior robustness in handling complex and extreme data conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136582"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}