Energy最新文献

{"title":"Flexibility through thermal energy storage: cost-effective electrification of European district heating networks","authors":"Alexander Burkhardt ,&nbsp;Miriam Frömel ,&nbsp;Gerda Deac ,&nbsp;Anna Billerbeck","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.141177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.141177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate-neutral energy systems require flexibility to integrate variable renewable energy while meeting seasonal heat demand. We integrate tank thermal energy storage (TTES) and pit thermal energy storage (PTES) with dynamic self-discharge modelling in the European energy system model Enertile to address gaps in existing studies that rely on static efficiency assumptions. We analyse three main scenarios for 2050: (1) a baseline without thermal energy storage (TES), (2) a scenario with TTES, and (3) a scenario with PTES deployment. Our results show that TES enables deeper district heating electrification: Heat pump generation increases by 46%, hydrogen boilers are replaced, and biomass capacity is reduced by 51%. Contrary to static-efficiency studies that predict seasonal operation, PTES operates in monthly cycles and TTES in biweekly cycles. TES shifts Power-to-Heat electricity consumption to low electricity-cost periods, reduces curtailment, and decreases system costs. Overall, the results highlight TES as a highly valuable infrastructure for cost-efficient sector coupling in a climate-neutral European energy system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 141177"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of thermal comfort, energy consumption, and carbon emissions in climate-adaptive MPCMs used for building envelopes across 11 cities with continental climate","authors":"Zhuonan Yao ,&nbsp;Wantong Lu ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Lihua Zhu ,&nbsp;Yan Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.141160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.141160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To achieve the synergistic optimization of thermal comfort, energy consumption, and carbon emissions, the microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs)-reinforced fast-growing <em>Eucommia ulmoides</em> (EU) fibers concrete composite walls (MPCMs-EUWs) were designed and evaluated in 11 representative cities across the Dfa/Dwb and Dfb/Dwb climate zones. The year-round thermal comfort and sustainability simulations were performed. The effects of MPCMs with varying phase change temperatures (18 °C, 24 °C, 28 °C, 32 °C, and 37 °C) on the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), total operational energy consumption, and carbon emissions were evaluated. Simulation results showed that, among MPCMs with varying phase change temperatures, PMV was effectively modulated by the optimal composite strategies. For the cities of Chicago, Beijing, Seoul, Almaty, Ottawa, Moscow, Helsinki, Calgary, Vladivostok and Warsaw, the comfortable PMV range of -1.1–0.0 was achieved by MPCMs18-EUWs, and the range of 0.1–+1.9 was achieved by MPCMs32-EUWs/MPCMs37-EUWs. Furthermore, substantial reductions in the minimum monthly operational energy consumption (15.37–27.19 MJ/m²) and carbon emissions (0.37–4.65 kgCO₂/m²) were achieved in these 10 cities. Although this primary strategy was effective for most cities, region-specific tailored composite strategy of MPCMs28-EUWs, MPCMs24-EUWs, and MPCMs37-EUWs was identified for Bucharest. In addition, a novel energy-PMV synergy index is first proposed to quantify the synergistic effect of thermal comfort and total operational energy consumption. In summary, this work provides a strategy for selecting thermal comfort, energy-efficient, and low-carbon building materials in 11 representative cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 141160"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147827400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal contribution-driven energy matching for internal heating regeneration in microchannel-corrugated fin regenerators under extreme hot-humid climate","authors":"Jingchao Xie ,&nbsp;Junlong Li ,&nbsp;Haotian Huang ,&nbsp;Guangkai Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under extreme hot-humid climatic conditions, the regeneration efficiency of liquid desiccant air conditioning systems significantly decreases due to insufficient vapor pressure difference. Although internal heating regeneration has emerged as a promising solution, comprehensive understanding of its thermal contribution mechanism and energy matching principle remains limited. This study developed a microchannel-corrugated fin internal heating regenerator (MF-IHR) and systematically investigated its regeneration performance from the perspective of thermal contribution. Experimental results demonstrate that the MF-IHR enhances the solution moisture removal rate by up to 72.0% compared to adiabatic operation. Thermal contribution analysis reveals that as the temperature of hot water rises, the heating power ratio of water (<em>HPRW</em>) increases from 33.3% to 87.5%, the heat loss power ratio of solution (<em>HLPRS</em>) decreases from 66.7% to 12.5%, and the regeneration efficiency drops from 58.8% to 26.4%. Under extreme environmental conditions, air humidity dominates thermal contribution distribution, with <em>HPRW</em> increasing from 62.1% to 87.2% as humidity rises from 18.3 g/kg to 26.7 g/kg. These findings demonstrate that balancing thermal contributions, rather than maximizing heat input, is key to optimizing regeneration performance. This study provides valuable insights for achieving efficient liquid desiccant regeneration in extreme hot-humid climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 140258"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoeconomic analysis of electrically heated molten salt thermal energy storage power generation systems","authors":"Bin Dai ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Jinliang Xu ,&nbsp;Xiongjiang Yu ,&nbsp;Jianren Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrically heated molten salt thermal energy storage power generation (EH-MSTES-PG) systems offer a promising solution for large-scale, long-duration energy storage. This study establishes an integrated thermo-economic model coupling resistive heating with a Rankine cycle across 50–300 MW scales. A comprehensive life-cycle assessment is performed, including Chinese policy-driven auxiliary revenues alongside time-of-use (TOU) pricing. A novel indicator, Equivalent Conversion Efficiency (ECE), defined as the product of the weighted price ratio and system efficiency, is proposed to evaluate project viability. Results indicate that elevated main steam parameters boost total system efficiency from 38.38% to 42.32%. However, exergy analysis identifies the electric heater as the dominant irreversibility source. Additionally, reducing regenerative stages at intermediate scales notably diminishes steam generator efficiency. Economic evaluation confirms that discharge revenue and charging costs govern viability, collectively accounting for over 73% of total cash flows. Regions with high peak-valley price spreads (represented by Guangdong) exhibit increasing NPV with capacity expansion, significantly outperforming northwestern regions (e.g., Gansu). Significant scale economies are observed, where the 300 MW system achieves the highest Net Present Value (NPV) and exhibits the greatest sensitivity to increases in auxiliary revenue prices. Crucially, a strong nationwide correlation (r &gt; 0.9) is confirmed between ECE and NPV. Analysis establishes that an ECE &lt;100% indicates negative NPV, while an ECE &gt;115% serves as a robust threshold guaranteeing positive lifecycle profitability. These findings provide quantitative criteria for identifying economically viable regions for storage deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 140358"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic analysis of hydrogen storage and transportation technology for offshore hydrogen production platform","authors":"Ziming Hu ,&nbsp;Jingfa Li ,&nbsp;Chaoyang Fan ,&nbsp;Jiale Xiao ,&nbsp;Huijie Huang ,&nbsp;Bo Yu ,&nbsp;Baocheng Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen production from offshore wind power is an effective means to solve the problem of wind power grid connection and promote the development of the hydrogen industry. However, the current offshore hydrogen storage and transportation technologies are immature and lack comprehensive economic analysis. This study establishes a levelized cost of hydrogen storage and transportation model to evaluate four offshore hydrogen storage and transportation methods: gas-hydrogen shipping, liquid-hydrogen shipping, solid-state hydrogen shipping, and existing pipeline hydrogen blending transportation, incorporating both fixed investments and operating costs for a comprehensive economic feasibility analysis. Using a 300 MW offshore wind-powered hydrogen production platform as a case study, the research conducts a comprehensive economic analysis and comparison of these four storage and transportation technologies across varying offshore distances of 50, 100, and 150 km. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of cost-influencing factors is performed. The results indicate that the gas-hydrogen shipping is the most economical method, with a levelized cost of storage and transportation 2.50-3.83 CNY/kg. As the offshore distance increases, the levelized cost of gas-hydrogen shipping significantly increases by 53.2%, while the increase in existing pipelines is 5.1%. Electricity consumption emerges as a significant cost factor across all methods, with sensitivity ratio (SR) values of 32.47%, 54.14%, 79.26%, and 91.58%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis further reveals that electricity price fluctuations have varying degrees of impact across different methods. A 20% reduction in electricity price leads to a 18.2% cost decrease for existing pipeline hydrogen blending transportation, while gas-hydrogen shipping only a 6.1% cost reduction. The evaluation framework provides a robust quantitative basis for selecting optimal storage and transportation methods in offshore wind-powered hydrogen production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 140396"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study on the influence of inlet configurations on compressor performance in compressed air energy storage systems","authors":"Jixiang Chen ,&nbsp;Zhitao Zuo ,&nbsp;Jiaxi Chen ,&nbsp;Ran Xu ,&nbsp;Xin Zhou ,&nbsp;Hailiang Tao ,&nbsp;Jianting Sun ,&nbsp;Haisheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study combines numerical simulation and experimental testing to systematically evaluate the influence of radial and axial inlet configurations on the performance of a mixed-flow compressor for compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems. Comparative analyses were carried out using an inlet volute for radial intake and a straight inlet pipe for axial intake. The investigation encompasses overall compressor performance, including outlet flow field distortion and total pressure loss in the inlet volute, static pressure distribution along the blade tip, and circumferential static pressure distribution in the outlet volute. Results demonstrate that under design conditions, the axial intake compressor attains a total pressure ratio of 1.7 and an isentropic efficiency of 83.72%, representing relative increases of 1.19% in total pressure ratio and 4.8% in isentropic efficiency compared with the radial intake configuration. Furthermore, the stable operating range of the axial intake compressor is 9.7 % wider than that of the radial intake variant. Through variable speed regulation, this range can be further extended to 45.14%. In contrast, the radial intake configuration exhibits pronounced outlet flow distortion and elevated total pressure loss attributable to the inlet volute geometry. These effects are especially marked under high speed and high mass flow conditions, where both the distortion coefficient and total pressure loss increase substantially. The resulting non-uniformity in the impeller inlet flow field leads to a deterioration in overall compressor performance. The study confirms good consistency between numerical predictions and experimental measurements, thereby providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the optimization of inlet structures and the enhancement of variable condition operation in high-efficiency, wide-operating range compressors for CAES applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 140280"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional industrial structure optimization based on water-energy- carbon-economy Multi-Objectives: A case study of Inner Mongolia, China","authors":"Yalun Li ,&nbsp;Mingzhe Jin ,&nbsp;Bo Ao ,&nbsp;Yufei Du ,&nbsp;Zhibin Jia ,&nbsp;Jinhua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The water-energy-carbon nexus is fundamentally linked to industrial structure. Research assessing and optimizing regional industrial structures from this integrated perspective is critical. In this study, a comprehensive methodological framework for regional industrial structure evaluation and multi-objective optimization is developed by integrating environmentally extended input-output analysis (EEIOA) with mathematical programming method. This framework is designed to synergize economic growth with water conservation, energy efficiency and carbon reduction. Various single-objective and multi-objective optimization scenarios were developed to accommodate diverse policymaker preferences. Using Inner Mongolia as a case study, we propose differentiated industrial restructuring pathways to support the region's carbon peaking goal by 2030. The results reveal that the primary sector dominates direct water consumption, while the secondary sector acts as the main driver of energy use and carbon emissions. The tertiary sector also demonstrates substantial embodied resource and environmental impacts. Several water-energy-carbon intensive industries were identified. Furthermore, our findings indicate that single-objective optimization struggles to achieve coordination between economic and environmental-resource objectives, whereas multi-objective optimization significantly reduces resource and environmental pressures while maintaining a relatively high average annual GDP growth rate. It is notable that all optimization scenarios promote an increased tertiary industry share, driving a structural shift towards a tertiary-secondary-primary hierarchy. Sensitivity analysis indicates that total energy consumption and carbon emissions fluctuate with input parameter variations. Policy recommendations are finally proposed for decision makers to adjust the industrial structure. These results suggest our approach can help regional decision-makers identify synergistic pathways toward a green transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 140355"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved soft sensing method for measuring the liquid amount inside cylinders of ionic compressors based on pressure reconstruction","authors":"Jiaqi Su,&nbsp;Xiang Kang,&nbsp;Wanling Zhang,&nbsp;Zekun Liu,&nbsp;Yuan Lv,&nbsp;Yun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionic compressors are promising for application in the field of hydrogen energy. The ionic liquid (IL) amount inside the cylinder affects the volumetric efficiency and the real <em>p-V</em> diagram. However, the current measurement method requires drilling holes in the cylinder to install sensors, leading to hydrogen leakage and stress concentrations. This paper proposed an improved soft sensing method, revealing the quantitative relationship between <em>p-V</em> data and IL amount. In-cylinder pressure is reconstructed from hydraulic pressure, enabling non-destructive monitoring of IL amount. A method is presented to calculate reciprocating friction forces and correct the reconstruction results. A lumped parameter model (LPM) was established, serving as a reference for comparative analysis with the experiment. The comparison shows a 2.53% error in in-cylinder pressure between measurement and reconstruction. The real <em>p-V</em> diagrams obtained from simulation and experiment exhibit an 8.71% error in in-cylinder pressure, confirming the reliability of the proposed soft sensing method. This research overcomes a fundamental sensing bottleneck, providing an essential tool for the condition monitoring, performance optimization, and intelligent management of ionic compressors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 140409"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and experimental verification of wake model for offshore fixed wind turbines under wind-wave coupling","authors":"Yanzhong Ren ,&nbsp;Jinlian Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Hong ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Gao ,&nbsp;Zhe Wu ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhonghe Han","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Offshore fixed wind turbines operate under coupled wind-wave boundary conditions, resulting in more complex velocity decay characteristics in the wake region of the turbine. The manuscript proposed an anisotropic three-dimensional wake model to analyze the velocity distribution patterns of the wake region of offshore fixed wind turbines. The new model accounts for the effects of wind shear and wave-induced stress on the incoming flow velocity and further refines the original Gaussian-shaped wake velocity profile based on the principle of wake velocity reflection. Furthermore, laser radar field wind measurement experiments were conducted. By combining the data collected by the radar with the existing wake models, the accuracy of the model proposed in the manuscript was verified. Furthermore, the proposed model was validated using publicly available data from the literature. The results show that the field wind measurement experiments successfully measured the wake field data, and the wake model proposed in the manuscript has higher accuracy, with the relative error of the model generally controllable within 10%. This research can provide reference for the flow field structure analysis and operational control of offshore fixed wind turbines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 140392"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hard interlayer thickness on surrounding rock damage and tightness of hydrogen storage caverns in bedded salt formations — a study based on thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-damage (THM-D) coupling","authors":"Xiao Wang ,&nbsp;Guimin Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Li ,&nbsp;Long Chen ,&nbsp;Yashuai Huang ,&nbsp;Yang Hong ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Liu ,&nbsp;Xinxing Wei ,&nbsp;Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Xilin Shi ,&nbsp;Yinping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2026.140382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salt cavern hydrogen storage is considered a key technological pathway for establishing large-scale hydrogen energy reserves. To reveal the coupled influence mechanism of surrounding rock damage on the stability and gas tightness of hydrogen storage caverns in bedded salt formations, this study takes a salt mine in Jiangsu Province, China, as the background and develops a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-damage (THM-D) coupled model considering the heterogeneity of the rock mass. In this model, a damage variable is introduced to dynamically capture the deterioration effects of surrounding rock damage on its mechanical and hydraulic properties. Based on this framework, the effects of hard interlayer thickness on surrounding rock damage and tightness in bedded salt hydrogen storage caverns are investigated. The results indicate that damage in the surrounding rock is mainly concentrated within the hard interlayers. Once damaged, the hard interlayer permeability increases exponentially, providing highly connected preferential seepage pathways for hydrogen migration. With increasing hard interlayer thickness, the displacement of the surrounding rock, the cavern shrinkage rate, and the damage extent within the hard interlayers gradually decrease. Moreover, the relationship between tightness and hard interlayer thickness is not linear. As the hard interlayer becomes thicker, tightness first decreases, then increases, and finally decreases again. These findings can provide valuable references for the construction and safety design of hydrogen storage caverns in bedded salt formations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 140382"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}