Energy最新文献

{"title":"Temperature response spatiotemporal correlation model of lithium-ion battery and temperature field reconstruction during charging and discharging processes","authors":"Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Guangjun Wang ,&nbsp;Hong Chen ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Mao ,&nbsp;Yalan Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces an innovative approach aimed at estimating the temperature distribution inside a lithium-ion battery: By establishing a temperature response spatiotemporal correlation model (RSTCM) for battery, the transient temperature field inside the battery is directly reconstructed according to the surface temperature of the battery. Firstly, an external description of the temperature at the battery charging and discharging process is established. The presence of a definitive spatiotemporal correlation among the temperatures at various nodes within the battery is confirmed. Furthermore, a spatiotemporal correlation matrix for temperature responses is constructed using regularization optimization techniques. The temperature RSTCM for battery is established, which utilizes surface temperature measurement data to estimate the temperature distribution. This study utilizes discharge experiment data from lithium battery to validate the RSTCM model. Additionally, numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the impact of various factors on the reconstruction results, including the number of measurement points, charge and discharge rates, measurement errors, and model mismatches. During the charging/discharging process, the reconstructed battery temperature field exhibits an instantaneous maximum error of roughly 1.5 K. With a measurement noise standard deviation of 1.0 K, the temperature field reconstruction exhibits an instantaneous maximum error of approximately 1.3 K.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 135902"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-combustion of sewage sludge and high ash coal: Thermal behavior, ash formation behavior, interaction mechanisms and economic analysis","authors":"Shuning Qin,&nbsp;Xuefu He,&nbsp;Zikuo Li,&nbsp;Li Jia,&nbsp;Xiaolei Qiao,&nbsp;Xinyue Chang,&nbsp;Peng Cheng,&nbsp;Yan Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Co-combustion of sewage sludge with high ash coal enables both waste valorization and sustainable disposal, yet its combined impacts on boiler efficiency, slagging risks, and economic viability require systematic investigation. This study developed a comprehensive evaluation system including combustion characteristics, operational safety, and techno-economic analysis to reveal the interactions between components and mineral evolution during sewage sludge-high ash coal co-combustion. The results demonstrated that blending sewage sludge significantly improved the ignition performance of high ash coal. When the sewage sludge blending ratio exceeded 50 %, combustion transitioned from a fixed carbon-dominant to a volatile-dominated mode. A 50 % sewage sludge blend (sewage sludge to high ash coal mass ratio of 5:5) achieved a comprehensive combustion characteristic index of 4.80 × 10⁻⁸, representing a 100.58 % enhancement compared with coal. Synergistic interactions enhanced the combustion efficiency of fixed carbon, as evidenced by a 25.12 % increase in the fixed carbon weight-loss rate for the 60 % sewage sludge blend, compared to theoretical predictions. Minerals (CaO, Fe₂O₃, AlPO₄) exhibited dual catalytic-inhibitory regulation: optimal concentrations enhanced combustion via catalytic cracking and oxygen storage-release mechanisms, while excessive minerals promoted slag formation impeding oxygen diffusion, with the efficacy hierarchy following CaO &gt; AlPO₄ &gt; Fe₂O₃. Ash chemistry analysis revealed that the addition of sewage sludge increased the alkaline oxide content, promoting silicate network depolymerization. At blending ratios exceeding 50 %, the ash deformation temperature sharply decreased to 1157 °C, increasing the risks of slagging. Economic evaluation indicated dynamic payback periods of 2.91 years for a 50 % blend and 7.67 years for a 60 % blend. Multi-objective optimization identified the optimal sludge-to-coal ratio as 5:5, achieving balanced improvements in combustion efficiency, ash fusion control, and economic viability. This study explores the feasibility of sewage sludge-high ash coal co-combustion, providing a new approach for intensive sewage sludge treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135847"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molten salt induces starch-based carbon aerogels with microsurface wrinkles for high-performance supercapacitors","authors":"Zuozhao Zhai ,&nbsp;Junfeng Miao ,&nbsp;Yangfan Ji ,&nbsp;Hanqing Peng ,&nbsp;Bin Ren ,&nbsp;Haitao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass carbon aerogels are widely used as electrode materials for supercapacitors due to high specific surface area, excellent conductivity, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the electrochemical performance of biomass carbon aerogels decrease significantly at high power. Herein, starch-based carbon aerogels with microsurface wrinkles are designed in this study. Starch hydrogels are rapidly prepared by using the property that KOH/KCl can gelatinize starch at room temperature. During high-temperature carbonization, the molten salt that is formed by KOH and KCl gives the starch-based aerogels (KCA-KCl) a porous structures with a high specific surface area (2014 m²/g) and microsurface wrinkles. The porous structures and the microsurface wrinkles enables the material to maintain good electrochemical performance at both low and high power. When it is used as electrode material for supercapacitors, the specific capacitance of KCA-KCl is 246.0 F/g at a current density of 1.0 A/g and the capacitance retention of 10 A/g for KCA-KCl is 77.9 % in three electrode system. In two electrode system, KCA-KCl exhibited an energy density of 14.72 Wh/kg at a power density of 0.5 kW/kg and the specific capacitance can maintain 96.33 % after 10,000 cycles. This study provides a feasible strategy to prepare high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135900"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and experimental investigation of a laboratory-scale organic Rankine cycle and data-driven optimization","authors":"Mayank Srivastava ,&nbsp;Jahar Sarkar ,&nbsp;Arnab Sarkar ,&nbsp;Anil Antony","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electricity harvesting from low-medium grade heat sources through the organic Ranking cycle (ORC) is still immature in many countries (like India). Hence, a laboratory-scale ORC system has been designed and developed for the source temperature of 90–180 °C. The experimentation involves component selection, fluid selection, design, fabrication and testing. A custom-designed separator has been fabricated and used to ensure saturated vapor at the expander inlet. Isopentane has been used as a powering fluid due to its environmental-friendly nature. Effects of heat input (5–11.5 kW), source fluid (oil) flow rate (40–60 lpm), and cold air inlet temperature (29–37 °C) on the system performance have been examined. Maximum net power, thermal efficiency, pump isentropic efficiency and expander isentropic efficiency of 0.939 kW, 8.08 %, 66 % and 78 %, respectively, have been achieved. Based on test data, the RSM-ANOVA tool identifies the optimal operating conditions (11.5 kW heat input, 35 °C cold air inlet temperature and 48 lpm oil flow rate) to predict net power output (0.920 kW) and cycle efficiency (8.037 %), which are closely matched the experimental values. Desirability analysis confirms that the effect of heat input is more crucial on performance, as compared to the effects of cold air inlet temperature and hot oil flow rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135905"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modular surrogate modeling-based optimization framework for thermohydraulic systems assisted by machine learning","authors":"Rong-Huan Fu ,&nbsp;Tian Zhao ,&nbsp;Meng-Di Yuan ,&nbsp;Yan-Jun Du","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving performances of thermohydraulic systems (THSs) is crucial for energy saving. Tradeoffs between model accuracy and optimization complexity are required for system optimization within acceptable costs, leading to less-reliable results in practice. This paper introduces a modular surrogate modeling-based optimization framework for THSs to tackle this challenge. THSs are first decomposed into components, whose surrogate models are constructed based on datasets collected from experiments or simulations. Component models are integrated to build the system model, which is finally used for system optimization. The optimization complexity is effectively reduced with the accuracy kept. Two cases are investigated for validation. A heat exchanger network with supercritical carbon dioxide is first considered with datasets generated from simulation. The obtained optimal design consumes 27.5% less power compared with that of the reference design. The robustness of optimization via the framework also outperforms the physics-based model substantially. An integrated cooling system with two operation modes is considered next with datasets collected from experiments. The optimal system operation guided by the system model reduces power consumptions by 47.3 and 36.4% under two modes. Finally, other advantages of the framework such as dataset scale, reliability, interpretability, and flexibility are elaborated to highlight its superiority.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135738"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern panelizing and optimization techniques for renewable energy projects; perspectives on how CO2 emissions impact the circular economy","authors":"Xiumin Zheng ,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran ,&nbsp;Muhammad Umair ,&nbsp;Chen Lin ,&nbsp;Yue Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition towards renewable energy is critical for addressing global climate challenges, yet achieving optimal integration and minimizing CO2 emissions remain significant barriers to sustainability. This study investigates the role of advanced panelizing and optimization techniques in renewable energy projects, focusing on their potential to mitigate CO2 emissions and enhance the circular economy across ten countries: the United Kingdom, United States, China, Canada, India, Germany, Japan, Russia, Korea Republic, and Iran, over the period 1990–2024. The primary aim is to evaluate how CO2 emissions interact with renewable energy integration, resource efficiency, and waste minimization to foster a sustainable circular economy. Using a robust methodological framework, the study employs Hurlin causality evaluation to assess causative relationships, Dumitrescu's heterogeneous panel analysis for variability across regions, and panel-based fully modified least-squares methods to ensure consistency and reliability in long-term analysis. The findings reveal four key insights: (1) Renewable energy adoption significantly reduces CO2 emissions, particularly in high-emission economies like China, the United States, and India. (2) Circular economy initiatives are positively correlated with renewable energy use, with European nations like Germany and the United Kingdom demonstrating the strongest synergies. (3) Technological advancements in renewable energy yield more substantial emission reductions in developed nations, while emerging economies show slower but steady progress. (4) A decoupling effect between economic growth and CO2 emissions is observable in most countries, but remains limited in energy-intensive economies such as Iran and Russia. These results underscore the need for policymakers to incentivize renewable energy innovation, prioritize circular economy frameworks, and establish region-specific strategies to accelerate the transition towards a low-carbon, resource-efficient future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135881"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plicated mesoporous silica nanoparticles integrated poly(ionic liquids) composite polymer electrolyte for solid‐state lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Huizhe Niu ,&nbsp;Ying Lu ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Manni Li ,&nbsp;Jiaxiang Liu ,&nbsp;Fan Qu ,&nbsp;Zemin He ,&nbsp;Wenqi Song ,&nbsp;Yuzhen Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Liu ,&nbsp;Zongcheng Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are valuable in preparing lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high safety, high energy density and high cycle life. However, the liquid component increases the performance of GPEs while decreasing their mechanical strength. For improving the mechanical strength and ionic conductivity of GPEs, one plicated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PMSN) was prepared and introduced into the poly(ionic liquids) electrolyte to prepare a composite poly(ionic liquids) electrolyte (PIL-GPE@PMSN). PMSN with a high specific surface area could increase its contact area with the polymer electrolyte to form more Li⁺ migration channels. With the introduction of PMSN, the ionic conductivity of PIL-GPE@PMSN is elevated to 1.76 <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹, and the maximum tensile stress increased to 1.25 MPa. In addition, the good interfacial properties reduce the interfacial impedance between the electrolyte and electrodes, so Li/PIL-GPE@PMSN-5 %/LiFePO₄ batteries exhibit greater discharge capacity and stable cycling performance. Li/PIL-GPE@PMSN-5 %/LiFePO₄ batteries show high capacity of 147 mAh g⁻¹ under current density of 0.5 C, and the capacity retention rate is greater than 94 % after 200 cycles. Moreover, Li/electrolyte/NCM811 batteries with LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811) positive electrode also exhibit ideal rate performance and long cycle charge-discharge performance. The prepared PIL-GPE@PMSN exhibits the potential to improve the safety of high-energy density LIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 135901"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The analysis of cross-level transfer characteristic of hydrogen and heat of thermal coupling system: Framework design and case study","authors":"Jiaxuan Liu,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Fusheng Yang,&nbsp;Zhen Wu,&nbsp;Zaoxiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering the complementary heat demand, the thermal coupling system (TCS) of metal hydride (MH) tank and fuel cell (FC) has been proposed to decrease the system volume and increase the energy efficiency. However, the cross-level transfer characteristic of hydrogen and heat in TCS brings challenges to the system analysis, since the multi-dimensional model can hardly be used due to the heavy computational cost, while the lumped model (LM) provides rough description of TCS due to the over-simplified heat transfer assumption. In this paper, a three-step framework for TCS analysis is proposed, including thermal management optimization, reduced model establishment and system parameter analysis. A LaNi₅-based MH tank thermally coupled with 10 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is studied herein. The results show that the hydrogen supply duration can be increased by 17.4 %, with the specific hydrogen storage capacity of 0.8625 and efficiency of hydrogen-to-power/heat of 56 % respectively after optimization. Then the reduced model of MH tank with model predict controller (MPC) are developed and verified with better dynamic performance compared with proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Finally, the effect of heat transfer in MH tank on system performance is captured by the proposed framework with reasonable evaluation of system efficiency and operation duration compared with LM, providing theoretical guidance for the design of efficient system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135899"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric photothermal aerogels: A multifunctional strategy for adaptive building thermal management and energy efficiency","authors":"Xiangyang Liu ,&nbsp;Zeyang Kang ,&nbsp;Yilin Zhang ,&nbsp;Tongtong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiahao Zhao ,&nbsp;Miao Qu ,&nbsp;Maogang He","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the relentless pursuit of energy-efficient buildings, the development of thermal insulating materials with adaptive solar modulation stands as a game-changer for reducing the hefty energy consumption of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Herein, we introduce an innovative asymmetric assembly strategy to craft multifunctional aerogel materials exhibiting remarkable asymmetric photothermal properties. By synergistically integrating the solar-thermal conversion efficiency of black phosphorus (BP), the superior thermal insulation of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels, the unique asymmetric photothermal behavior of silver nanowire (AgNW)/eicosane (C₂₀) structures, near-infrared radiation heating, electrical heating capabilities, and the latent heat compensation of C₂₀, we have engineered a BP/CNF + AgNW/CNF/C₂₀ bilayer multifunctional composite phase change aerogel. This avant-garde bilayer aerogel acts as a high-efficiency energy storage medium within buildings, effectively smoothing out internal temperature fluctuations. Impressively, it maintains a comfortable internal interface temperature of 41 °C even when the external environment dips to a chilly −5 °C, delivering superior thermal buffering through its phase change dynamics and insulation capabilities that far surpass existing insulation materials. This pioneering bilayer design opens up new horizons for the development of adaptive building thermal management systems suited to diverse environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135820"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A decarbonization-oriented and uncertainty-aware energy management strategy for multi-district integrated energy systems with fair peer-to-peer trading","authors":"Tianyu Wu,&nbsp;Fengwu Han,&nbsp;Yunlong Zhao,&nbsp;Zishuo Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.135885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-District Integrated Energy Systems play a crucial role in achieving decarbonization goals and enhancing renewable energy utilization. However, the inherent uncertainties in source-load side and market fluctuations pose significant challenges for stable energy management and fair market participation. To address these issues, this study presents a decarbonization-oriented and uncertainty-aware energy management strategy, integrating a Newton-Raphson-Based Optimizer-enhanced Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise clustering algorithm, an enhanced Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers optimization framework, and an Asymmetric Nash Bargaining model for Fair Peer-to-Peer Trading. The proposed Newton-Raphson-Based Optimizer-enhanced Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise dynamically optimizes clustering parameters, reducing scenario Root Mean Square Error by 40 % compared to baseline Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise. The enhanced Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers solver accelerates system convergence by 50 %, enabling real-time scheduling optimization. Furthermore, the fairness-aware Asymmetric Nash Bargaining model incorporates carbon emissions, demand-side response, and prosumer contributions, ensuring equitable revenue allocation while reducing carbon emissions by 51.4 % and system costs by 18.5 %. The findings demonstrate that decarbonization-oriented and uncertainty-aware energy management strategy offers a robust and scalable solution for the next generation of sustainable energy markets, supporting both carbon neutrality and economic efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 135885"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}