Energy最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of energy consumption and local thermal comfort through the transient thermophysiological model and human-body exergy model for air-carrying energy system","authors":"Yuting Huang ,&nbsp;Guangcai Gong ,&nbsp;Yuxin Wang ,&nbsp;Xiang Chen ,&nbsp;Xing Shi ,&nbsp;Jiaqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An air-carrying energy system (ACES) is a novel terminal for air conditioning with energy-saving potential. However, there is a challenge for optimizing the system by reducing energy consumption while improving thermal comfort. Thus, this study coupling simulated non-uniform thermal environment and human body by a transient three-dimensional model integrating with the thermophysiological model. Based on the experimental and simulated results, the local thermal comfort over time was evaluated by energy and exergy analysis to explore the convenient predicted formula of exergy consumption, and then the energy consumptions of different heating/cooling radiant diffuse terminals were compared under the same thermal comfort. The results showed that the simulated temperature of indoor air and human thermal plume were consistent with the experiments (Average error is less than 5 %). Local human-body exergy analysis was correlated with PMV by being divided into the torso and other body parts. The convenient predicted formula of exergy consumption for multiple body parts was accurate with the goodness of fit R² &gt; 0.98. The ceiling cooling was 36 % more energy efficient than the sidewall cooling. Optimized system of the ceiling heating reduced by 14 % energy consumption. This paper provides a valuable reference for optimizing systems based on comfort and energy saving.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136548"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation of electric vehicle charging station aggregators in the day-ahead energy market using demand forecasting and uncertainty-based pricing","authors":"Daria Matkovic,&nbsp;Terezija Matijasevic Pilski ,&nbsp;Tomislav Capuder","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel approach to the smart management of public EV charging infrastructure, combining day-ahead energy bidding with a dynamic end-user pricing model. It addresses critical challenges such as demand fluctuations and uncertainties in the day-ahead market while minimizing waiting times and maximizing profit and load distribution. Although charging prices do not need to directly mirror wholesale day-ahead market prices, they are based on these prices due to their availability and market relevance. Day-ahead energy procurement offers advantages such as liquidity and price stability; however, forecast errors can lead to overprocurement, negatively impacting profitability. To mitigate this, a pricing model that accounts for forecast uncertainty is proposed, ensuring profitability during demand fluctuations by setting higher prices during periods of greater uncertainty. Additionally, when a preferred station is occupied, the model offers lower prices at underutilized stations, improving load distribution and reducing waiting times. The proposed approach is compared to benchmark models, demonstrating improvements in load distribution (7.79%), reduced waiting times (83.02%), and increased profitability (27.81%). These results contribute to an enhanced user experience and more efficient use of public infrastructure, showcasing the effectiveness of the strategy in optimizing energy procurement and pricing for smart public charging infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136299"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of scavenging performance in an OP2S engine with a novel EGR-air stratified strategy","authors":"Yu Jin ,&nbsp;Chaoqun Zhou ,&nbsp;Zehao Feng ,&nbsp;Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Xianyin Leng ,&nbsp;Zhixia He ,&nbsp;Qian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the scavenging process in an opposed-piston two-stroke (OP2S) engine is numerically investigated under the EGR-air stratified scavenging strategy. The effects of geometric features and boundary conditions, such as exhaust port height (EPH), piston phase (PP), and intake pressure, on scavenging parameters were examined. The results indicate that the EGR–air stratified scavenging strategy effectively improves trapping efficiency of air (TE of air) and maintains high scavenging efficiency (SE). Furthermore, it contributes to reducing NO_x emissions by optimizing the operating conditions of the three-way catalyst. The proper matching of the EPH and PP could mitigate the scavenging short-circuiting problem. An increase in EPH could improve the delivery ratio (DR), thereby increasing both SE and TE of air. However, extra-large EPH could reduce TE of air. Furthermore, adjusting the air intake pressure could slightly improve TE of air, although the impact on reducing the scavenging short-circuiting problem is quite limited. High SE could be sustained while TE of air could be significantly elevated by maintaining the pressure differential constant and decreasing both EGR and air intake pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136562"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOx emission and thermal performance studies on ammonia/oxygen premixed combustion in micro planar combustor with a secondary oxygen injection","authors":"Xiong Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Zuo ,&nbsp;Qingqing Li ,&nbsp;Kun Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuhan Huang ,&nbsp;Yawei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to enhance thermal performance and reduce NO_<em>x</em> emissions of micro combustor, in this work, a planar combustor with a secondary oxygen injection is proposed. With a secondary oxygen injection, NO emission of micro planar combustor is decreased and outer wall temperature is higher and more uniform. This is due to that the flame temperature at the downstream of micro planar combustor is increased by the secondary oxygen injection, which accelerates the transformation from NO to NO₂ and enhances the heat transfer between gas mixture and combustor wall. Then, effects of secondary oxygen injection ratio and secondary oxygen injection position are investigated. Results show that a higher secondary oxygen injection ratio and secondary oxygen injection position at middle of micro planar combustor is good for reducing NO emission and improving thermal performance of micro planar combustor, as well as the total energy output and total energy conversion efficiency of micro-thermophotovoltaic system can be improved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136460"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic analysis of a novel SOFC-based CCHP system integrated supercritical carbon dioxide and organic Rankine cycles for waste heat cascade utilization","authors":"Nan Zheng ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunxiu Ren ,&nbsp;Liqiang Duan ,&nbsp;Qiushi Wang ,&nbsp;Xingqi Ding ,&nbsp;Yufei Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Wang ,&nbsp;Luyao Liu ,&nbsp;Mingjia Sun ,&nbsp;Weijia Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenges of inefficient flue gas waste heat utilization and inflexible seasonal energy adjustments in conventional combined cooling, heating, and power systems, a novel solid oxide fuel cell-based polygeneration system is proposed by implementing a deep cascade of waste heat utilization. High-temperature flue gas from the solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine unit drives a supercritical CO₂ cycle to maximize energy extraction, while a thermoelectric generator replaces the traditional condenser to harvest low-grade waste heat energy. Middle-temperature waste heat is then split between an organic Rankine cycle and an absorption chiller/heat pump arranged in parallel, enabling seamless transitions among summer cooling, transitional hybrid, and winter heating modes to meet seasonal load variations. Finally, the low-temperature waste heat is utilized for domestic hot water production. Additionally, three operation schemes are designed to adaptively meet seasonal demands and optimize energy output year-round. Energy efficiencies of 80.74 %, 78.18 %, and 87.70 % and exergy efficiencies of 59.94 %, 60.58 %, and 60.87 % are achieved in summer, transition, and winter modes, respectively. The supercritical CO₂ cycle and solid oxide fuel cell reach efficiencies of 28.58 % and 46.88 %, with the fuel cell contributing 24.59 % of total exergy losses. Parametric studies show that increasing solid oxide fuel cell pressure, temperature, and fuel utilization improves output, while a higher steam-to-carbon ratio reduces performance. The proposed system's cascaded waste heat recovery and parallel subsystem coordination significantly enhance flexibility and efficiency over traditional combined cooling, heating, and power systems. Future work will explore comprehensive techno-economic and environmental evaluation, renewable energy integration, and artificial intelligence-driven operational optimization to support real-world deployment and scalability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136547"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and opportunities for Demand Response Aggregation in Ukraine and Norway: A Delphi-based study","authors":"Oleksandra Ishchenko ,&nbsp;Anatolii Zamulko ,&nbsp;Carlos Pfeiffer ,&nbsp;Nils Jakob Johannesen","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to flexible, sustainable energy systems is essential for meeting global climate goals. Demand Response Aggregation (DRA) enhances grid stability, enables renewable integration, and improves market efficiency. However, expert-driven analysis on DRA readiness, especially in emerging markets, remains limited. This study presents the first comparative expert assessment of DRA readiness in Ukraine — an emerging market — and Norway — an advanced model — providing actionable insights for policymakers. It addresses a critical research gap through a Delphi-based analysis, highlighting context-specific pathways for energy transition. Using two rounds of questionnaires, 28 experts assessed infrastructural, regulatory, financial, and consumer-related factors influencing DRA. Findings show both countries view demand-side flexibility and enabling technologies as key to grid modernization. Norwegian respondents collect consumer feedback through multiple channels, while Ukrainian utilities rely mainly on hotlines, with limited digital tools. In both contexts, consumers struggle with pricing structures and seek greater transparency. For policy support, 67% of Norwegian and 44% of Ukrainian experts recommend incentives for renewable integration and streamlined approval processes. Norway’s challenges include consumer independence, regulatory clarity, and tariff transparency. Ukraine faces broader barriers, including infrastructure gaps, low engagement, affordability, and financial constraints. Both emphasize the importance of prosumer development. These insights can guide targeted DRA strategies globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136296"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial correlation network structure and its influencing factors on municipal solid waste carbon emissions in three major urban agglomerations in China","authors":"Liqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Ming Gao ,&nbsp;Jian-Hong Gao ,&nbsp;Wen-Xi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As key drivers of urbanisation and economic growth in China, major urban agglomerations play a critical role in mitigating carbon emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment. This study investigated the spatial correlation network and its underlying drivers across 63 cities in urban agglomerations from 2006 to 2022, using social network analysis and quadratic assignment procedure regression. The results reveal that the total MSW carbon emissions peaked at 1.28 million tons in 2017 and dropped to <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></math></span> 27,200 tons by 2022, with 87.30 % of cities achieving net-negative emissions. The emissions network evolved into a core-periphery structure, with leading cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou driving regional coordination. Intercity linkages increased from 708 in 2010 to 1246 in 2022, reflecting a shift from fragmented, unidirectional flows to a more integrated, bidirectional network. Further, divergences in population density, treatment capacity, and policy support consistently fostered stronger network connectivity, whereas mismatches in technology, industrial structure, and economic development posed persistent barriers to collaboration, varying notably across urban agglomerations. These findings underscore the need for region-specific governance models and differentiated policy strategies to strengthen spatial coordination for MSW carbon mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136537"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of immersion cooling system for large-capacity lithium-ion battery with collaborative thermal management structures","authors":"Zehua Zhu,&nbsp;Zhendong Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiwei Kuang,&nbsp;Wenjin Qin,&nbsp;Congbo Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient thermal management of large-capacity energy storage batteries is a critical technical challenge to ensure their safe operation and support the implementation of national energy strategies. This study proposes a novel immersion liquid cooling system that integrates structural components such as support bars, spacer strips, and flow stabilizing block to form collaborative heat dissipation channels at the bottom, sides, and top of the battery module. High-performance hydrocarbon oil is used as the cooling medium to enhance heat exchange efficiency. Compared to cold plate liquid cooling, the proposed immersion cooling system offers superior performance, reducing the maximum temperature, temperature difference, and pressure drop by 51.91 %, 51.72 %, and 3.64 % over the parallel channel, and by 50.61 %, 51.52 %, and 94.23 % over the S-sharped channel. Key design variables are identified through sensitivity analysis, and a multi-objective optimization methodology is employed to refine the immersion cooling structure. The optimized solutions achieve reductions in maximum temperature (2.3 %–6.21 %) and temperature difference (5.37 %–10.32 %) while simultaneously decreasing the immersion liquid consumption by 7.8 %–31.5 %. Experimental validation shows that the maximum deviation between simulation results and test data is less than 1.76 °C, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the proposed design method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136561"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A machine learning method to evaluate head sea induced weather impact on ship fuel consumption","authors":"Chi Zhang ,&nbsp;Daniel Vergara ,&nbsp;Mingyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Tsoulakos Nikolaos ,&nbsp;Wengang Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A ship's fuel consumption is significantly affected due to ship motions caused by waves and wind when sailing under ocean weather conditions. An essential step to develop certain energy efficiency measures is to understand, model and estimate how much extra fuel consumption is caused by encountering weather conditions, and from which components of a ship's energy system that extra consumption is attributed to. In this study, experimental tests of added resistance in waves during the past decades in open literature are collected and a Gaussian process regression (GPR) model is developed to describe a generic ship's added resistance in head waves. The proposed GPR model achieves better prediction accuracy than semi-empirical formulas (white box) and gives more rational transfer function of added wave resistance coefficient than those produced by the artificial neural networks (ANN), especially in the short-wave regime. The proposed GPR model is integrated into a grey box prediction framework for ship fuel consumption using several years of performance monitoring data collected onboard a chemical tanker. The prediction results indicate an improvement in model performance when moving from the white box to the grey box model, with <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> increasing by 38 % and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) decreasing by 65 %. Finally, the investigation of weather impact on the ship's extra fuel cost is demonstrated by the proposed model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136533"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementary operation optimization of cascade hydropower reservoirs and photovoltaic energy using cooperation search algorithm and conditional generative adversarial networks","authors":"Zhong-kai Feng ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Wen-jing Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.136525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement of photovoltaic (PV) and other clean energy technologies has significantly increased their market share within power systems. However, these renewable energy sources are characterized by inherent volatility, intermittency, and unpredictability, which complicate the peak regulation of load demands. This paper presents a novel cascade hydro-solar complementary operation optimization method that leverages uncertain scenario generation to address these challenges. Initially, the conditional boundary equilibrium generative adversarial network model is used to dynamically capture the nonlinear relationships among solar output, irradiance, and solar angle. A clustering algorithm is then used to reduce these scenarios into a subset of representative output scenarios, which are integrated into the hydro-solar complementary operation model. To optimize the operation strategies, the novel cooperation search algorithm is selected as the optimizer. Engineering applications demonstrate that increased solar penetration exacerbates the impact of solar output uncertainty on the power grid. For example, in the spring, when the number of reservoirs is 4, the peak-valley difference of the spring load decreases from 2000.0 MW to 77.0 MW. The proposed method effectively mitigates these uncertainties across various scenarios by reducing peak load demands and enhancing residual load stability. Thus, a viable solution is provided for the complementary operation of cascade hydropower reservoirs and photovoltaic energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 136525"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}