IF 2.6 3区医学

eNeuro Pub Date : 2026-08-24 Print Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0114-26.2026

Yoshihiko Yamazaki, Hiroki Fujiwara

{"title":"Activity-Dependent Changes in Axonal Action Potential Latency Coordinated with Synaptic Potentiation in Individual Hippocampal Neurons.","authors":"Yoshihiko Yamazaki, Hiroki Fujiwara","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0114-26.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0114-26.2026","url":null,"abstract":"Neural plasticity enables the nervous system to adapt its structure and function in response to experience. Although synaptic plasticity is a central cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory, action potential propagation along axons is also subject to plastic regulation and critically shapes neural computation. However, how these distinct forms of plasticity are coordinated within individual neurons remains poorly understood. Here, we simultaneously monitored synaptic responses and antidromically evoked action potentials in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from male rats using whole-cell recordings. High-frequency stimulation reliably induced long-term potentiation (LTP) and was accompanied by a delayed yet transient reduction in antidromic action potential latency. The magnitude of latency shortening correlated with the degree of synaptic potentiation across multiple post-high-frequency stimulation time windows, including a late phase during which synaptic responses remained persistently elevated. Blocking the induction of LTP by intracellular Ca2+ chelation or NMDA receptor antagonism abolished latency shortening, indicating a dependence on LTP-related signaling pathways. Notably, the temporal profile of latency modulation depended on the site of axonal stimulation: latency shortening emerged earlier at proximal sites and was delayed at more distal sites, suggesting the propagation or accumulation of plasticity-related signals along an axon. Dual-site axonal stimulation within single neurons further demonstrated that action potential latency changes differed across axonal locations. Together, these findings demonstrate that synaptic potentiation is accompanied by spatially and temporally organized latency changes, revealing an additional layer of activity-dependent plasticity within individual neurons.","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Streamlined Workflow for Purkinje Cell Labeling and High-Resolution Analyses of Dendrites and Spines in Mice. 小鼠树突和脊柱浦肯野细胞标记和高分辨率分析的简化工作流程。

IF 2.6 3区医学

eNeuro Pub Date : 2026-08-24 Print Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0455-25.2026

Xinzhu Tan, Simeng Niu, Melissa Bai, Platon Megagiannis, Rahul Suresh, Elias Pilianidis, Yosuke Niibori, David R Hampson, Thomas M Durcan, Yang Zhou

{"title":"A Streamlined Workflow for Purkinje Cell Labeling and High-Resolution Analyses of Dendrites and Spines in Mice.","authors":"Xinzhu Tan, Simeng Niu, Melissa Bai, Platon Megagiannis, Rahul Suresh, Elias Pilianidis, Yosuke Niibori, David R Hampson, Thomas M Durcan, Yang Zhou","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0455-25.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0455-25.2026","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) exhibit a unique and highly complex dendritic architecture, which plays a crucial role in integrating synaptic inputs and shaping their physiological properties. However, fine morphological investigation of PCs at the single-cell level is challenging due to the densely packed soma and extensive dendritic arborization. Here, we present stepwise procedures for the sparse labeling of PCs via a viral-mediated approach, enabling detailed two-dimensional dendritic Sholl analysis and three-dimensional spine quantification. We demonstrated high-resolution labeling of PCs through the administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying a conditional Cre recombinase-dependent cassette (AAV, CAG-FLEX-EGFP). The AAV was delivered through an intracerebroventricular injection in Pcp2-Cre neonatal mice of either sex. Subsequently, we optimized two analytical pipelines to characterize dendritic complexity and spines. As a sample application, we performed analysis on the labeled PCs from anterior (I-V) and posterior (VI-IX) cerebellar lobules in mice of both sexes. In doing so, we detected an age-dependent, lobule-specific dendritic branching pattern difference. PCs from the anterior lobules exhibited a higher spine density but a smaller spine head diameter compared with those from the posterior lobules. Additionally, we examined PC morphological perturbations in a disease model of Dravet syndrome, a disorder caused by SCN1A haploinsufficiency. Here, we identified reduced dendritic complexity and immature spine morphology in the PCs of Scn1a+/- mice of both sexes. Thus, we provide a labeling method that is easily adaptable, efficient, robust, and well suited for examining PC morphology during cerebellar development and related pathogenic conditions.","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptation to Stress Switches Stress-Evoked Network Disconnection to a New Forebrain Network State. 对压力的适应将压力引起的网络断开切换到一个新的前脑网络状态。

IF 2.6 3区医学

eNeuro Pub Date : 2026-08-24 Print Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0336-25.2026

Laura Durieux, Romain Bourdy, Karin Herbeaux, Nelson K Totah, Lucas Lecourtier

{"title":"Adaptation to Stress Switches Stress-Evoked Network Disconnection to a New Forebrain Network State.","authors":"Laura Durieux, Romain Bourdy, Karin Herbeaux, Nelson K Totah, Lucas Lecourtier","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0336-25.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0336-25.2026","url":null,"abstract":"Stress adaptation is critical to maintaining mental and physical health. If acute stress is associated with changes in neuronal activity in many brain regions, how neuronal activity itself is coordinated across regions during stress and how neuronal networks are modified during stress adaptation are unknown. In male rats, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from stress-responsive regions, including the prelimbic cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, basolateral amygdala, lateral habenula, and dorsal hippocampus, in rats during repeated stress exposure in a within-subjects design. We characterized network activity by computing cross-region coherence, Granger causality, and phase-amplitude coupling on bipolar derivatives of LFPs. We established a stress adaptation model in rats: the behavioral response to acute 10 min restraint stress returned to baseline after a second restraint 3 h later. The pre-stress state was characterized by robust global network interactions in the theta and gamma bands. The first exposure induced widespread disconnection, whereas following the second one, when rats showed an adaptive response, the connectivity pattern appeared different from that of the pre-stress state. Finally, baseline, stressed, and adaptive states were predicted (>90% accuracy) from network activity. Overall, we showed that the acutely stressed brain state was primarily a state of network disconnection, while stress adaptation was a new network state rather than a return to baseline.","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brain-Wide Activations Related to Forepaw Force Control Identified by Behaving Mouse FMRI. 通过行为小鼠fMRI识别与前爪力控制相关的全脑激活。

IF 2.6 3区医学

eNeuro Pub Date : 2026-08-19 Print Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0106-26.2026

Vishwas Jindal, Jason Veizaj, Zoë Schuler, Erika de Jesus, Daniel W Wesson, David Vaillancourt, Shahabeddin Vahdat

{"title":"Brain-Wide Activations Related to Forepaw Force Control Identified by Behaving Mouse FMRI.","authors":"Vishwas Jindal, Jason Veizaj, Zoë Schuler, Erika de Jesus, Daniel W Wesson, David Vaillancourt, Shahabeddin Vahdat","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0106-26.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0106-26.2026","url":null,"abstract":"Control of upper limb force is crucial for motor skill acquisition. Rodent models have been instrumental in elucidating the behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying skilled movements. Integrating these models with advanced neuroimaging approaches, such as awake functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in behaving mice, enables whole-brain mapping of motor activity. However, experimental paradigms supporting awake fMRI during upper limb motor behavior in mice remain limited. Here, we developed an MRI-compatible head-fixation system that enables male and female mice to perform a unilateral forepaw force control task for water reward during ultrahigh-field (11.1 T) fMRI. Mice successfully acquired the task, as evidenced by increased rewarded presses, convergence of force output toward the rewarded threshold, and reduced force variability. Significant activation clusters related to forepaw force were identified across multiple cortical regions, including the primary and secondary motor cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and primary somatosensory cortex. Activation extended to subcortical structures, including the cerebellum, striatum, hypothalamus, and thalamus (ventrolateral and ventroposterior nuclei). Analysis of limb kinematics from synchronized video recordings revealed strong spatial correspondence between forepaw-related and force-dependent activation maps. Region-of-interest analyses further identified engagement of medullary structures, specifically the lateral rostral medulla and caudal medulla (CauM), in forepaw force control. Notably, the cerebellum and CauM exhibited later peak responses relative to cortical regions. Together, these results establish a robust framework for awake fMRI during forelimb motor tasks and provide a comprehensive map of cortical, subcortical, and brainstem circuits underlying forelimb force control in mice.","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13485463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aberrant Emotion-Cognition Integration in FMR1 Premutation Carriers: A fNIRS Study. FMR1预突变携带者的异常情绪认知整合：一项fNIRS研究。

IF 2.6 3区医学

eNeuro Pub Date : 2026-08-18 Print Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0031-26.2026

Yuewen Bian, Yuhang Li, Yiting Zhu, Dongyun Li, Yingbo Geng, Shuo Guan, Danyong Feng, Rihui Li, Qiong Xu

{"title":"Aberrant Emotion-Cognition Integration in FMR1 Premutation Carriers: A fNIRS Study.","authors":"Yuewen Bian, Yuhang Li, Yiting Zhu, Dongyun Li, Yingbo Geng, Shuo Guan, Danyong Feng, Rihui Li, Qiong Xu","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0031-26.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0031-26.2026","url":null,"abstract":"Carriers of the FMR1 (Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1) premutation (55-200 CGG repeats on the X chromosome), known as premutation carriers (PMCs), often exhibit executive dysfunction. Yet, the neural mechanism of cognitive and executive dysfunction in PMCs remains underexplored. This study investigated the neural alterations associated with the inhibitory control and conflict processing of PMCs using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique. We recruited 31 participants, including 14 participants with the FMR1 premutation (all females, mean age: 36.93 ± 8.06 years) and 17 controls (3 male and 14 females, mean age, 30.86 ± 5.90 years). Hemodynamic activity of the participants during emotional Go/No-Go and Stroop tasks was recorded using a fNIRS system. The neural activation in response to different tasks was examined. Compared with the control group, the PMCs group exhibited decreased activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, p = 0.03) during the Stroop task. They also revealed increased activation in the right DLPFC (p = 0.015), right frontopolar cortex (FPC, p = 0.027), right Broca's area (p = 0.013), left premotor and supplementary motor area (SMA, p = 0.013), and visual association cortex (p = 0.044) during the Go/No-Go task. Conversely, the PMCs group exhibited decreased activation in the right premotor and SMA (p = 0.018) and the right somatosensory association cortex (p = 0.013). Our findings revealed atypical neural patterns in response to the Stroop and Go/No-Go tasks, suggesting the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of inhibitory control and conflict processing are disrupted in PMCs, potentially guiding targeted interventions.","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13485402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pictorial History of the Early Microscopic Study of Vagal Sensory Neurons. 迷走神经感觉神经元早期显微研究的画报史。

IF 2.6 3区医学

eNeuro Pub Date : 2026-08-18 Print Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0143-26.2026

Laurent Gautron

{"title":"Pictorial History of the Early Microscopic Study of Vagal Sensory Neurons.","authors":"Laurent Gautron","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0143-26.2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0143-26.2026","url":null,"abstract":"Vagal sensory neurons play a central role in monitoring internal organ physiology and maintaining homeostasis. Although now recognized as key mediators of brain-body communication and promising therapeutic targets, their characterization emerged gradually over centuries of anatomical and microscopic investigation. This review provides a focused historical perspective on the study of vagal sensory neurons, emphasizing morphological and histological developments prior to the molecular era. Drawing on a collection of images from historical literature, this article traces the evolution of ideas and techniques, highlighting how early anatomical and histological studies established the foundation for modern investigations into vagal sensory function in health and disease. The review features the contributions of both well-known pioneers, including Adolph Hannover, Albert von Kölliker, Santiago Ramón y Cajal, and Fernando de Castro, as well as lesser-known investigators such as Adam Ploschko, Sergey Izhevesky, and Margaret Brown, whose work helped advance the field but has received comparatively little historical attention.","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13485462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148789348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Production of Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalizations and Distress Calls Is Associated with Different Patterns of Fos Expression in the Nucleus Retroambiguus. 小鼠超声发声和求救呼叫的产生与歧义后核中Fos表达的不同模式有关。

IF 2.6 3区医学

eNeuro Pub Date : 2026-08-17 Print Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0100-26.2026

Patryk Ziobro, Da-Jiang Zheng, Aditya Rawal, Zizhan Zhou, Asmita Mittal, Katherine A Tschida

{"title":"Production of Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalizations and Distress Calls Is Associated with Different Patterns of Fos Expression in the Nucleus Retroambiguus.","authors":"Patryk Ziobro, Da-Jiang Zheng, Aditya Rawal, Zizhan Zhou, Asmita Mittal, Katherine A Tschida","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0100-26.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0100-26.2026","url":null,"abstract":"Animals produce different vocalization types, which differ in their acoustic features and are produced in different behavioral contexts. How vocalization-related brain circuits are organized to enable the production of different vocalization types remains poorly understood. The nucleus retroambiguus (RAm) is a hindbrain premotor region that regulates the production of both ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) and distress calls (squeaks) in adult mice, but whether distinct or overlapping populations of RAm neurons are recruited during the production of these two vocalization types is unknown. In the current study, we used Fos immunohistochemistry to compare the counts and spatial distributions of Fos-positive RAm neurons in males and females that produced USVs and females that produced courtship squeaks. We also combined in vivo activity-dependent (TRAP2) labeling with Fos immunohistochemistry to directly compare Fos expression associated with the production of USVs and courtship squeaks in the same females. Our findings suggest that RAm contains three vocalization-related populations of neurons: squeak-related neurons, USV-related neurons, and shared neurons that are recruited during both vocalization types. These findings refine current models of the premotor control of vocalization and set the stage for future work to explore anatomical and functional heterogeneity within RAm.","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13484922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Connectome-Guided Personalization of Optimal TDCS Intervention Selection in Alzheimer's Disease: A Modeling Study. 阿尔茨海默病中连接体引导的最佳tDCS干预选择的个性化：一项模型研究。

IF 2.6 3区医学

eNeuro Pub Date : 2026-08-13 Print Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0407-25.2026

Janne J Luppi, Annel P Koomen, Cornelis J Stam, Philip Scheltens, Willem de Haan

{"title":"Connectome-Guided Personalization of Optimal TDCS Intervention Selection in Alzheimer's Disease: A Modeling Study.","authors":"Janne J Luppi, Annel P Koomen, Cornelis J Stam, Philip Scheltens, Willem de Haan","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0407-25.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0407-25.2026","url":null,"abstract":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could reduce the neurophysiological effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but progress is hampered by variable outcomes across studies, likely related to both methodological and individual differences. We recently described a virtual brain network simulation method for optimizing tDCS interventions and now propose a method for further personalizing this approach. We now personalized the model for six female and four male biomarker-confirmed AD patients based on their brain structure and functional connectivity by using individual structural magnetic resonance imaging data and amplitude envelope correlation-based connectivity matrices extracted from magnetoencephalography (MEG) scans, respectively. We then assessed a set of previously established stimulation strategies based on their ability to improve relevant neurophysiological outcome parameters in each personalized model while undergoing AD damage. Personalized tDCS strategies were able to delay neurophysiological deterioration, but while the general model favored posterior anodal stimulation targeting the precuneus region, the personalized models favored frontal anodal stimulation targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex region in 90% of the cases. This may be explained by higher connectivity levels of frontal regions in the personalized connectivity matrices, as anodal stimulation of highly connected regions produced more beneficial effects. In this methodological study, we propose several ways to improve personalized computational tDCS stimulation prediction modeling. We conclude that connectome-guided personalization of tDCS effects lead to different strategies with potentially better intervention outcomes. For external validation of this model-guided tDCS approach, model predictions are being tested in an ongoing clinical tDCS-MEG trial in AD patients.","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148619107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zebra Finch Introductory Notes Become Song-Like But Have Different Timing and Acoustic Correlations with the Song That Follows. 斑胸草雀的介绍音符变得像歌一样，但与随后的歌曲有不同的时间和声学相关性。

IF 2.6 3区医学

eNeuro Pub Date : 2026-08-11 Print Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0199-25.2026

Divya Rao, Devika Babu Kizhakoot, Shikha Kalra, Harini Suri, Sonam Chorol, Raghav Rajan

{"title":"Zebra Finch Introductory Notes Become Song-Like But Have Different Timing and Acoustic Correlations with the Song That Follows.","authors":"Divya Rao, Devika Babu Kizhakoot, Shikha Kalra, Harini Suri, Sonam Chorol, Raghav Rajan","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0199-25.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0199-25.2026","url":null,"abstract":"Male zebra finches begin their song bouts by repeating a short sound called an introductory note (IN). As INs repeat, their timing and acoustic properties change, similar to premovement neural preparatory activity seen in primates and rodents. Hence, INs are thought to reflect motor preparation for starting song. However, INs themselves are vocalizations/movements, like the song that follows, suggesting that INs could be part of the song sequence. To determine how similar songs and INs are, we compared their properties in adult, male zebra finches recorded across 3 years. First, song and INs simultaneously changed in the first year post-hatch; as described earlier, songs became faster and we found an increase of 0.58 ± 0.07 in mean IN number. Second, as described earlier, IN properties changed from first to last IN. Here, we found that these changes were driven by the last IN becoming more like the first song syllable in duration, amplitude, and timing. Third, within each bout, first song syllable timing was correlated with last IN timing in only 18% of birds. Amplitude and mean frequency of the first song syllable was correlated not only with the last IN, but also with the first IN and second song syllable in >40% of birds. Finally, the reduction in gaps between successive INs was not seen in other types of repeat syllables. Overall, the acoustic similarities between INs and song suggest that INs are part of the song sequence, but timing differences suggest different mechanisms for controlling IN timing.","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hemifield-Specific Motion Extrapolation Reveals Limits of Interhemispheric Integration. 半球特定运动外推揭示了半球间整合的局限性。

IF 2.6 3区医学

eNeuro Pub Date : 2026-08-11 Print Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0004-26.2026

Coleman E Olenick, Mazyar Fallah

{"title":"Hemifield-Specific Motion Extrapolation Reveals Limits of Interhemispheric Integration.","authors":"Coleman E Olenick, Mazyar Fallah","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0004-26.2026","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0004-26.2026","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate perception of moving objects is a fundamental challenge for the visual system, which must compensate for neural processing delays. Motion extrapolation is a proposed mechanism whereby the brain predicts an object's future position. We investigated how an object's motion history shapes its perceived position using the flash-jump illusion in humans of either sex, in which a brief color change in a moving bar is mislocalized as further along the direction of motion. Across two experiments, we found that longer preceding motion sequences improved localization accuracy, consistent with motion adaptation. This effect occurred regardless of whether motion continued after the flash. Notably, mislocalization transiently reappeared as the object crossed the vertical midline, suggesting that motion adaptation and motion extrapolation operate independently between within each hemifield. Manipulating the length of the sequence in each hemifield in Experiment 2 confirmed that this adaptation is spatially confined to each hemifield, with limited interhemispheric transfer. The results align with a Bayesian framework in which the brain integrates signals from both hemispheres, with midline crossings triggering a shift from adapted to unadapted neural populations. We identify motion extrapolation, supported by hemifield-specific adaptation in area MT and integration in area MST, as the putative mechanism behind these midline discontinuities. This work reframes smooth pursuit not just as a tracking behavior but as a solution to overcome limitations of interhemispheric motion processing.","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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