eNeuro最新文献

{"title":"Cross-Validating the Electrophysiological Markers of Early Face Categorization.","authors":"Fazilet Zeynep Yildirim-Keles, Lisa Stacchi, Roberto Caldara","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0317-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0317-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human face categorization has been extensively studied using event-related potentials (ERPs), positing the N170 ERP component as a robust neural marker of face categorization. Recently, the fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) approach relying on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) has also been used to investigate face categorization. FPVS studies consistently report strong bilateral SSVEP face categorization responses over the occipitotemporal cortex, with a right hemispheric dominance, closely mirroring the N170 scalp topography. However, it remains unclear whether SSVEP responses can be considered a proxy for the N170 or are driven by different components. To address this question, we recorded electrophysiological signals from observers viewing face and object images during FPVS and ERP paradigms. We quantified the FPVS response in the frequency domain and extracted ERP components, including the P1, N170, and P2, from both the FPVS time domain and ERP paradigms. Our results revealed little relationship between any single ERP component and the FPVS frequency response. Only the peak-to-peak differences between N170 and P2 components consistently explained the FPVS frequency response. Our data show that the FPVS frequency response reflects a later complex neural integration rather than any isolated ERP component, such as the N170. These findings raise important methodological and theoretical considerations regarding the relationship between SSVEPs and transient ERPs. While both markers are indicative of human face categorization, they appear to capture different stages of this cognitive process.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended cognitive load induces fast neural responses leading to commission errors.","authors":"Fabio Taddeini, Giulia Avvenuti, Alberto Arturo Vergani, Jacopo Carpaneto, Francesca Setti, Damiana Bergamo, Linda Fiorini, Pietro Pietrini, Emiliano Ricciardi, Giulio Bernardi, Alberto Mazzoni","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0354-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0354-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extended performance of cognitively demanding tasks induces cognitive fatigue manifested with an overall deterioration of behavioral performance. In particular, long practice with tasks requiring impulse control is typically followed by a decrease in self-control efficiency, leading to performance instability. Here, we show that this is due to changes in activation modalities of key task-related areas occurring if these areas previously underwent intensive use. We investigated in 25 healthy adults the effects of extended practice with high cognitive demand (HCD) tasks on a Go-No Go task and the underlying electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. We compared these effects with those induced by practice with similar, but low cognitive demand (LCD) tasks. HCD tasks were followed by an increase in response inhibition failures. These were correlated with the appearance of a distinct neural signature on fast response trials, characterized by lower levels of beta ([13-30] Hz) EEG activity in the pre-stimulus period, and by a lack of EEG markers of pre-response processing in frontal areas. Moreover, HCD tasks were followed by a decrease in N200 during correct withholds while LCD tasks were followed instead by a lesser fraction of hits and a decrease in P300, suggesting a decrease in engagement. Overall, these results show that exertion of cognitive control determines the appearance of two distinct modalities of response with different processing speeds, associated with distinct underlying neural activity.<b>Significance statement</b> Extended cognitive load leads to alterations in behavior, but the underlying alterations in cortical activity are far from being understood. When we compared the performance in a Go/NoGo test before and after a battery of tasks requiring high cognitive control, we found an increase in commission errors associated with an increase in fast automatic responses. EEG signals of these responses displayed a lack of cortical markers of pre-response processing. Tasks requiring only low cognitive control were followed instead by an increase in miss errors, likely related to a decrease in engagement. Extended cognitive load leads then to the appearance of two distinct response modalities, driven by distinct neural activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity in Category Recognition across the Visual Field.","authors":"Farideh Shakerian, Roxana Kushki, Maryam Vaziri Pashkam, Mohammad-Reza A Dehaqani, Hossein Esteky","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0331-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0331-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual information emerging from the extrafoveal locations is important for visual search, saccadic eye movement control, and spatial attention allocation. Our everyday sensory experience with visual object categories varies across different parts of the visual field which may result in location-contingent variations in visual object recognition. We used a body, animal body, and chair two-forced choice object category recognition task to investigate this possibility. Animal body and chair images with various levels of visual ambiguity were presented at the fovea and different extrafoveal locations across the vertical and horizontal meridians. We found heterogeneous body and chair category recognition across the visual field. Specifically, while the recognition performance of the body and chair presented at the fovea were similar, it varied across different extrafoveal locations. The largest difference was observed when the body and chair images were presented at the lower-left and upper-right visual fields, respectively. The lower/upper visual field bias of the body/chair recognition was particularly observed in low/high stimulus visual signals. Finally, when subjects' performances were adjusted for a potential location-contingent decision bias in category recognition by subtracting the category detection in full noise condition, location-dependent category recognition was observed only for the body category. These results suggest heterogeneous body recognition bias across the visual field potentially due to more frequent exposure of the lower visual field to body stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength of Low-Frequency EEG Phase Entrainment to External Stimuli Is Associated with Fluctuations in the Brain's Internal State.","authors":"Verónica Mäki-Marttunen, Alexandra Velinov, Sander Nieuwenhuis","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0064-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0064-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain attends to environmental rhythms by aligning the phase of internal oscillations. However, the factors underlying fluctuations in the strength of this phase entrainment remain largely unknown. In the present study, we examined whether the strength of low-frequency electroencephalography (EEG) phase entrainment to rhythmic stimulus sequences varied with the pupil size and posterior alpha-band power, thought to reflect the arousal level and excitability of posterior cortical brain areas, respectively. We recorded the pupil size and scalp EEG while participants carried out an intermodal selective attention task, in which they were instructed to attend to a rhythmic sequence of visual or auditory stimuli and ignore the other perceptual modality. As expected, intertrial phase coherence (ITC), a measure of entrainment strength, was larger for the task-relevant than for the task-irrelevant modality. Across the experiment, the pupil size and posterior alpha power were strongly linked with each other. Interestingly, ITC tracked both variables: larger pupil size was associated with a selective increase in entrainment to the task-relevant stimulus sequence, whereas larger posterior alpha power was associated with a decrease in phase entrainment to both the task-relevant and task-irrelevant stimulus sequences. Exploratory analyses showed that a temporal relation between ITC and posterior alpha power emerged in the time periods around pupil maxima and pupil minima. These results indicate that endogenous sources contribute distinctly to the fluctuations of EEG phase entrainment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial heterogeneity in myelin sheathing impacts signaling reliability and susceptibility to injury.","authors":"Afroditi Talidou, Jeremie Lefebvre","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0402-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0402-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Axons in the mammalian brain show significant diversity in myelination motifs, displaying spatial heterogeneity in sheathing along individual axons and across brain regions. However, its impact on neural signaling and susceptibility to injury remains poorly understood. To address this, we leveraged cable theory and developed model axons replicating the myelin sheath distributions observed experimentally in different regions of the mouse central nervous system. We examined how the spatial arrangement of myelin affects propagation and predisposition to conduction failure in axons with cortical versus callosal myelination motifs. Our results indicate that regional differences inmyelination significantly influence conduction timing and signaling reliability. Sensitivity of action potential propagation to the specific positioning, lengths, and ordering of myelinated and exposed segments reveals non-linear and path-dependent conduction. Furthermore, myelination motifs impact signaling vulnerability to demyelination, with callosal motifs being particularly sensitive to myelin changes. These findings highlight the crucial role of myelinating glia in brain function and disease.<b>Significance Statement</b> This study highlights the importance of spatial heterogeneity of myelin sheathing in shaping nerve axonal conduction. Using model axons that faithfully replicate myelin distributions observed in the mouse central nervous system, our results revealed the impact of myelin patterns on the timing and reliability of neural signaling. Contrary to the conventional view in which uniform and equally spaced myelin segments imply linear conduction, our findings show that axonal conduction is a path-dependent, non-linear process influenced by the specific distribution of myelinated and unmyelinated segments. Membrane potential propagation along model axons in the corpus callosum was found to be more vulnerable to myelin changes compared to those in the cortex, especially post-myelin injury, emphasizing the role of sheath locations in both health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Chakravarty et al., \"Transient Response of Basal Ganglia Network in Healthy and Low-Dopamine State\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0572-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0572-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: McDevitt et al., \"The Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus and Its Projections in Regulating Reward and Context Associations\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0570-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0570-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Ye et al., \"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over the Posterior Parietal Cortex Increases Nontarget Retrieval during Visual Working Memory\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0569-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0569-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Tauffer and Kumar, \"Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity Makes Neurons Sensitive to the Distribution of Presynaptic Population Firing Rates\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0571-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0571-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma and theta/alpha-band oscillations in the electroencephalogram distinguish the content of inner speech.","authors":"Thomas J Whitford, Kevin M Spencer, Marianthe Godwin, Yoji Hirano, Lawrence Kin-Hei Chung, Wadim Vodovozov, Oren Griffiths, Anthony W F Harris, Mike E Le Pelley, Bradley N Jack","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0297-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0297-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inner speech refers to the silent production of language in one's mind. As a purely mental action without obvious physical manifestations, inner speech has been notoriously difficult to quantify. Inner speech is thought to be closely related to overt speech. Overt speech has been consistently shown to elicit reduced auditory-evoked potentials compared to externally-generated speech (a phenomenon known as speaking-induced suppression), as well as changes in oscillatory activity in the gamma and theta frequency bands. Given the functional similarities between inner and overt speech, the present study used a novel experimental protocol to investigate whether these metrics can be used to distinguish the content of a person's inner speech. Healthy control participants (n = 129) produced an inner syllable at a precisely specified time. An audible syllable was concurrently presented which either matched or mismatched the content of the inner syllable. The N1 component of the auditory evoked potential was suppressed in the Match condition while the P2 component was suppressed in the Mismatch condition, replicating our previous findings. A novel finding was that the Match and Mismatch conditions could be differentiated on the basis of their evoked gamma and theta / alpha oscillations. There was a single gamma-band oscillation in the vicinity of the P2 that differed in spectral power between the Match and Mismatch conditions, which provides support for the idea that 'late' gamma-band activity may index consciously-perceived expectancy violations, or cognitive prediction errors. The Match and Mismatch conditions also differed in terms of their evoked power in a temporally-extended cluster which spanned the theta and alpha bands. The results of this study provide support for the phenomenon of 'inner speaking-induced suppression', and demonstrate that inner syllables can be differentiated using scalp electroencephalography (evoked potentials and oscillations) based on whether their content matches that of a simultaneously-presented audible syllable.<b>Significance statement</b> Inner speech refers to the silent production of language in one's mind. As a purely mental action without obvious physical manifestations, inner speech has been notoriously difficult to quantify empirically. The aim of the present study was to develop an objective, electroencephalography-based marker of inner speech that was sensitive to its content. The results of this study demonstrate that it is possible to distinguish between two syllables produced in inner speech on the basis of their auditory-evoked activity and evoked oscillations in the gamma and theta/alpha bands in the electroencephalogram. The gamma-band oscillation may represent a 'cognitive' prediction error. The ability to determine the content of a person's inner speech on the basis of a non-invasive biometric signal could have significant commercial, industrial, and clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}