eNeuroPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0582-24.2025
Touhid Feghhi, Roberto X Hernandez, Olena Mahneva, Carlos D Oliva, Gregory T Macleod
{"title":"Bichromatic exon-reporters reveal voltage-gated Ca2+-channel spliceisoform diversity across Drosophila neurons in vivo.","authors":"Touhid Feghhi, Roberto X Hernandez, Olena Mahneva, Carlos D Oliva, Gregory T Macleod","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0582-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0582-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Every neuron contains the same genomic information but its complement of proteins is the product of countless neuron-specific steps including pre-mRNA splicing. Despite advances in RNA sequencing techniques, pre-mRNA splicing biases that favor one isoform over another are largely inscrutable in live neurons <i>in situ</i> Here, in <i>Drosophila</i>, we developed bichromatic fluorescent reporters to investigate alternative splicing of <i>cacophony</i> (cac) - a gene that codes the pore-forming α<sub>1</sub>-subunit of the primary neuronal voltage-gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel (VGCC). These reporters revealed a neuron-specific pattern of exon biases, highly consistent from one animal to the next, suggesting that each neuron splices a unique and consistent portfolio of VGCC isoforms. Stereotypical patterns were observed within motor neurons and multidendritic sensory neurons of female larvae, and also within mushroom body Kenyon cells of female adults. In a validation step we demonstrated that exon splice bias reporting was not dependent on the choice of fluorophores. Additionally, functional properties of the female larval motor neuron terminals could be generally reconciled with the functional properties predicted for the reported exon bias. The application of this technology to a large gene such as <i>cac</i> provides a precedence for effective exon-reporter design for other <i>Drosophila</i> genes.<b>Significance Statement</b> Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions are ubiquitous messengers in the nervous system and the channels that gate their passage across membranes play a prominent role in nervous system function. In flies, as in humans, genes that code for Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels give rise to different Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel variants through the process of alternative gene splicing. However, at the level of individual cells in living tissue, the splicing process is largely inscrutable, making it difficult to elucidate the consequences of alternative splicing in either health or disease. Here, in the fruit fly brain, we demonstrate a technique that expresses fluorescent proteins of different colors according to the bias of the splicing process that yields different Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel variants in different cells in the live animal.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
eNeuroPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0020-25.2025
Pravda Quiñones-Labernik, Kelsey L Blocklinger, Matthew R Bruce, Emily Hagan, Danielle Preuschl, Charlotte Tesar, Sarah L Ferri
{"title":"Excess Neonatal Testosterone Causes Male-Specific Social and Fear Memory Deficits in Wild-Type Mice.","authors":"Pravda Quiñones-Labernik, Kelsey L Blocklinger, Matthew R Bruce, Emily Hagan, Danielle Preuschl, Charlotte Tesar, Sarah L Ferri","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0020-25.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0020-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodevelopmental disorders disproportionately affect males compared with females. The biological mechanisms of this male susceptibility or female protection have not been identified. There is evidence that fetal/neonatal gonadal hormones, which play a pivotal role in many aspects of development, may contribute. Here, we investigate the effects of excess testosterone (T) during a critical period of sex-specific brain organization on social approach and fear learning behaviors in C57BL/6J wild-type mice. Male, but not female, mice treated with T on the day of birth (Postnatal Day 0; PN0) exhibited decreased social approach as juveniles and decreased contextual fear memory as adults, compared with vehicle (veh)-treated controls. These deficits were not driven by anxiety-like behavior or changes in locomotion or body weight. Mice treated with the same dose of T on PN18, which is outside of the critical period of brain masculinization, did not demonstrate impairments compared with the veh group. These findings indicate that excess T during a critical period of early development, but not shortly after, induces long-term deficits relevant to the male sex bias in neurodevelopmental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
eNeuroPub Date : 2025-07-30Print Date: 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0430-24.2025
Leanne Rokos, Signe L Bray, Josh Neudorf, Alexandria D Samson, Kelly Shen, Anthony R McIntosh
{"title":"Examining Relationships between Functional and Structural Brain Network Architecture, Age, and Attention Skills in Early Childhood.","authors":"Leanne Rokos, Signe L Bray, Josh Neudorf, Alexandria D Samson, Kelly Shen, Anthony R McIntosh","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0430-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0430-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early childhood is a critical period showing experience-dependent changes in brain structure and function. The complex link between the structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) of the brain is of particular interest. However, its relationship with both age and attention in early childhood is not well understood. In this study, children between the ages of 4 and 7, and at a 1 year follow-up visit, underwent neuroimaging (diffusion-weighted and passive-viewing functional magnetic resonance imaging) and assessments for selective, sustained, and executive attention. We examined regional graph metrics and SC-FC coupling of the structural and functional networks. Partial least squares was used to investigate longitudinal brain measure changes and cross-sectional associations with age and attention. We observed longitudinal changes in functional graph metrics and age-related decreases in SC modularity. Region-wise graph analyses revealed variable brain-behavior relationships across the brain, highlighting regions where structural topology is linked to age and attentional performance. Furthermore, we identified SC as a dominant predictor of age when compared with FC and SC-FC coupling. The findings emphasize how early childhood is a dynamic period where cognitive functioning is intricately and predominantly linked to structural network features.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cerebellum Involvement in Visuo-vestibular Interaction for the Perception of Gravitational Direction: A Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study.","authors":"Keisuke Tani, Hiroaki Tanaka, Akimasa Hirata, Yosuke Nagata, Nobuhiko Mori, Koichi Hosomi, Akiyoshi Matsugi","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0111-25.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0111-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate perception of the direction of gravity relies on the integration of multisensory information, particularly from the visual and vestibular systems, within the brain. Although a recent study of patients with cerebellar degeneration suggested a cerebellar role in visuo-vestibular interaction in the perception of gravitational direction, direct evidence remains limited. To address this gap, we conducted two experiments with 42 healthy participants to evaluate the impact of repetitive 1 Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the posterior cerebellar vermis on visual dependency, quantified by the subjective visual vertical bias induced by rotating optokinetic stimulation (OKS). Electric field simulations in high-resolution generic head models were used to ensure focal stimulation of the cerebellum at the group level. The results demonstrated that the rTMS applied to the vermis significantly attenuated the OKS-induced shift in visual vertical (SVV) bias. This effect was not observed when stimulation was applied to the early visual cortex (V1-2) or the cerebellar hemisphere. Also, the vermis rTMS had no effect on the judgment precision in the absence of visual motion cues, suggesting that the rTMS may reduce visual weight in visuo-vestibular processing by increasing visual motion noise rather than affecting vestibular function. These findings suggest a direct involvement of the cerebellar vermis in the visuo-vestibular interaction underlying the perception of gravitational direction, providing new insights into cerebellar contributions in human spatial orientation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
eNeuroPub Date : 2025-07-29Print Date: 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0102-25.2025
Daniel Daudelin, Damani Sama-Borbon, Nan Zhang, Shanthini Sockanathan
{"title":"Novel Roles of the GPI-Anchor Cleaving Enzyme, GDE2, in Hippocampal Synaptic Morphology and Function.","authors":"Daniel Daudelin, Damani Sama-Borbon, Nan Zhang, Shanthini Sockanathan","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0102-25.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0102-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hippocampal synaptic activity is tightly regulated to ensure appropriate synaptic function and plasticity, which are important for critical cognitive processes such as learning and memory. Altered hippocampal synaptic function can lead to cognitive and behavioral deficits observed in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), necessitating a deeper fundamental understanding of hippocampal synaptic control mechanisms. Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 2 (GDE2 or GDPD5) is a surface transmembrane enzyme that cleaves the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor that tethers some proteins to the membrane. Mice lacking GDE2 (<i>Gde2</i>KO) display behavioral deficits in learning and memory that are hippocampal-dependent. However, roles of GDE2 in mouse hippocampal function are not known. Here, we show that GDE2 is expressed in pre- and postsynaptic compartments along apical dendrites in hippocampal CA1 cells. <i>Gde2</i>KO CA1 cells showed increased dendritic length and complexity and increased numbers of mushroom spines localized to the stratum radiatum. Furthermore, adult <i>Gde2</i>KOs displayed an increased frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents, impaired paired-pulse facilitation, and disrupted <i>N</i>-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated long-term depression (LTD). The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-glycogen synthase kinase 3 (PI3K-AKT-GSK3) signaling pathway, implicated in the inhibition of NMDAR-mediated LTD, was abnormally activated in the <i>Gde</i>2KO hippocampus, and inhibition of PI3K restored <i>Gde2</i>KO NMDAR-mediated LTD to WT levels. These observations identify GDE2 as an essential physiological regulator of CA1 synaptic morphology and hippocampal pre- and postsynaptic function, including the modulation of NMDAR-mediated LTD via the PI3K-AKT-GSK3 signaling axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
eNeuroPub Date : 2025-07-29DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0221-25.2025
Vasilios Drakopoulos, Alex Reichenbach, Romana Stark, Claire J Foldi, Philip Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel, Zane B Andrews
{"title":"FiPhoPHA - A fiber photometry python package for post-hoc analysis.","authors":"Vasilios Drakopoulos, Alex Reichenbach, Romana Stark, Claire J Foldi, Philip Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel, Zane B Andrews","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0221-25.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0221-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fiber photometry is a neuroscience technique that can continuously monitor in vivo fluorescence to assess population neural activity or neuropeptide/transmitter release in freely behaving animals. Despite the widespread adoption of this technique, methods to statistically analyse data in an unbiased, objective, and easily adopted manner are lacking. Various pipelines for data analysis exist, but they are often system-specific, only for pre-processing data, and/or lack usability. Current post hoc statistical approaches involve inadvertently biased user-defined time-binned averages or area under the curve analysis. To date, no post-hoc user-friendly tool with few assumptions for a standardised unbiased analysis exists, yet such a tool would improve reproducibility and statistical reliability for all users. Hence, we have developed a user-friendly post hoc statistical analysis package in Python that is easily downloaded and applied to data from any fiber photometry system. This <b>Fi</b>ber <b>Pho</b>tometry <b>P</b>ost <b>H</b>oc <b>A</b>nalysis (<b>FiPhoPHA</b>) package incorporates a variety of tools, a downsampler, bootstrapped confidence intervals (CIs) for analyzing peri-event signals between groups and compared to baseline, and permutation tests for comparing peri-event signals across comparison periods. We also include the ability to quickly and efficiently sort the data into mean time bins, if desired. This provides an open-source, user-friendly python package for unbiased and standardised post-hoc statistical analysis to improve reproducibility using data from any fiber photometry system.<b>Significance Statement</b> Despite the widespread adoption of in vivo photometry for neuroscience research, methods to statistically analyse data in an unbiased, objective, and easily adopted manner are lacking. Various pipelines for data analysis exist, but they are often system-specific, only for pre-processing data, and/or lack usability. Current post hoc statistical approaches involve inadvertently biased user-defined time-binned averages or area under the curve analysis. Here, we have developed a standardised post hoc statistical analysis package in Python that is easily downloaded and applied to data from any fiber photometry system. This provides an open-source, user-friendly python package for unbiased and standardised post-hoc statistical analysis to improve reproducibility using data from any fiber photometry system.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
eNeuroPub Date : 2025-07-29DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0252-25.2025
Molly C Shallow, Lucy Tian, Bryan T Higashikubo, Hudson Lin, Katheryn B Lefton, Siyu Chen, Joseph D Dougherty, Joe P Culver, Mary E Lambo, Keith B Hengen
{"title":"Experience-Dependent Intrinsic Plasticity in Layer IV of Barrel Cortex at Whisking Onset.","authors":"Molly C Shallow, Lucy Tian, Bryan T Higashikubo, Hudson Lin, Katheryn B Lefton, Siyu Chen, Joseph D Dougherty, Joe P Culver, Mary E Lambo, Keith B Hengen","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0252-25.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0252-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of motor control over sensory organs is a critical milestone, enabling active exploration and shaping of the sensory environment. Whether the onset of sensory organ motor control directly influences the development of corresponding sensory cortices remains unknown. Here, we confirm and exploit the late onset of whisking behavior in mice to address this question in the somatosensory system. Using ex vivo electrophysiology, we describe a transient increase in the intrinsic excitability of excitatory neurons in layer IV of the barrel cortex, which processes whisker input, immediately following the onset of active whisking on postnatal days 13 and 14. This increase in neuronal gain is specific to layer IV, independent of changes in synaptic strength, and requires prior sensory experience. Further, these effects are not expressed in inhibitory interneurons in barrel cortex. The transient increase in excitability is not evident in layer II/III of barrel cortex or in the visual cortex upon eye opening, suggesting a unique interaction between the development of active sensing and the thalamocortical input layer in the somatosensory iso-cortex. Predictive modeling indicates that, immediately following the onset of active whisking, changes in active membrane conductances alone can reliably distinguish neurons in control but not whisker-deprived hemispheres. Our findings demonstrate an experience-dependent, lamina-specific refinement of neuronal excitability tightly linked to the emergence of active whisking. This transient increase in the gain of the thalamic input layer coincides with a critical period for synaptic plasticity in downstream layers, suggesting a role in cortical maturation and sensory processing.<b>Significance statement</b> Motor control over sensory organs shapes how we explore and perceive our environment. Whether the developmental onset of motor control directly influences the maturation of corresponding sensory brain regions remains poorly understood. Using the mouse whisker-barrel system as a model, we demonstrate that the emergence of active whisking behavior triggers a transient, experience-dependent increase in neuronal excitability in layer IV of barrel cortex-the primary input layer for whisker information. This intrinsic plasticity occurs without accompanying synaptic changes and is absent in other cortical layers and sensory systems. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which motor development cooperates with sensory cortical maturation, suggesting that the timing of motor milestones may be critical for brain development and sensory processing capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
eNeuroPub Date : 2025-07-29Print Date: 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0024-25.2025
Bruno F Cruz, Paulo Carriço, Luís Teixeira, Sofia Freitas, Filipe Mendes, Dario Bento, Artur Silva
{"title":"A Flexible Fluid Delivery System for Rodent Behavior Experiments.","authors":"Bruno F Cruz, Paulo Carriço, Luís Teixeira, Sofia Freitas, Filipe Mendes, Dario Bento, Artur Silva","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0024-25.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0024-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experimental behavioral neuroscience relies on the ability to deliver precise amounts of liquid volumes to animal subjects. Among others, it allows the progressive shaping of behavior through successive, automated, reinforcement, thus allowing training in more demanding behavioral tasks and the manipulation of variables that underlie the decision-making process. Here we introduce a stepper motor-based, fully integrated, open-source solution, that allows the reproducible delivery of small (<1μl) liquid volumes. The system can be controlled via software using the Harp protocol (e.g., from Bonsai or Python interfaces), or directly through a low-level I/O interface. Both the control software and electronics are compatible with a wide variety of motor models and mechanical designs. However, we also provide schematics, and step-by-step assembly instructions, for the mechanical design used and characterized in this manuscript. We provide benchmarks of the full integrated system using a computer vision method capable of measuring across-trial delivery of small volumes, an important metric when having behavior experiments in mind. Finally, we provide experimental validation of our system by employing it in a psychophysics rodent task, and during electrophysiological recordings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":"12 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
eNeuroPub Date : 2025-07-28Print Date: 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0127-25.2025
Caroline S Muirhead, Sophia Guerra, Bennett W Fox, Frank C Schroeder, Jagan Srinivasan
{"title":"Serotonergic Signaling Governs <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Sensory Response to Conflicting Chemosensory Stimuli.","authors":"Caroline S Muirhead, Sophia Guerra, Bennett W Fox, Frank C Schroeder, Jagan Srinivasan","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0127-25.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0127-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neural circuits that consolidate sensory cues are essential for neurological functioning. Neural circuits that perform sensory integration can vary greatly because the sensory processing regions of the brain employ various neural motifs. Here, we investigate a neural circuit that mediates the response to conflicting stimuli in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> We concurrently expose animals to an aversive dispersal pheromone, osas#9, and an attractive bacterial extract. While worms usually avoid osas#9 alone, they suppress this avoidance behavior in the presence of a bacterial extract. Loss-of-function mutants and cell-specific rescues reveal that signaling from the ADF and NSM neurons is essential for bacterial extract-induced osas#9 avoidance attenuation. The inhibitory serotonin receptor, MOD-1, which is widely expressed on interneurons and motor neurons, is required for this sensory integration, suggesting that serotonin acts in an inhibitory manner. By performing calcium imaging on the ADF neurons in synaptic signaling (<i>unc-13</i>) and peptidergic (<i>unc-31</i>) signaling mutant backgrounds, we show that the ADF neurons require input from other neurons to respond to food extracts. We reveal a cue integration neural circuit in which serotonergic signaling and sensory neurons silence an aversive neural signal.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12303587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
eNeuroPub Date : 2025-07-28Print Date: 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0012-25.2025
Alain Rios, Minori Usui, Yoshikazu Isomura
{"title":"Modulation of Hippocampal Sharp-Wave Ripples by Behavioral States and Body Movements in Head-Fixed Rodents.","authors":"Alain Rios, Minori Usui, Yoshikazu Isomura","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0012-25.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0012-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) are critical events implicated in memory consolidation, planning, and the reactivation of recent experiences. Under freely moving conditions, a well-established dichotomy exists: hippocampal networks predominantly generate theta oscillations during periods of reward pursuit (preparatory behaviors) and exhibit pronounced SWR activity once the reward is achieved (consummatory behaviors). Here, it was examined how SWRs are modulated by reward delivery and small movements in head-fixed rats. Contrary to the canonical view established in freely moving settings, the results revealed that the dominant and more enduring effect was a sustained suppression of SWR activity immediately following water delivery. Moreover, even minor, localized movements (such as whisking or body adjustments) decreased SWR occurrence, demonstrating that hippocampal ripple generation is highly sensitive to motor engagement, irrespective of reward timing. Such movement-induced suppression of ripples persisted during both sleep-like states and quiet wakefulness, suggesting that while large-scale brain states modulate the overall likelihood of SWR generation, local motor-related influences exert a state-independent inhibitory effect on hippocampal ripples. These results show that SWR modulation by behavioral states and body movements is more context dependent than previously appreciated.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12303588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}