eNeuro最新文献

{"title":"Promoting Open Discussions of Scientific Failure within the Annual Society for Neuroscience Conference.","authors":"Megan H Hagenauer, A David Redish, Daniela Schiller, Kristin L Bigos, Shelly Flagel, Amilcar Rodriguez, Zac Parker, Angela O'Connor, Xilma Ortiz-Gonzalez, Deirdre Murphy, Rachel Leeson","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0524-24.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0524-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The annual Society for Neuroscience (SfN) meeting is a bonanza of scientific achievement: famous keynote speakers, beautiful scientific results, and award ceremonies. This focus is exciting and invigorating but glosses over the many failures, mistakes, and rejections that typically lead to scientific success. Our goal has been to create a space within the annual SfN meeting for open conversation about scientific failure and, by doing so, increase transparency, resilience, and mental well-being within our community. In this article, we share the materials that we have used at SfN during the past 4 years (2021-2024) to promote discussions of scientific failure, including formal storytelling, individual and interactive games, and confessionals. For each activity, we provide the rationale and practical guidance regarding logistics and usage. We hope this will aid scientists interested in adapting the activities for their own communities or local events. We end with a call for scientific institutions to commit to providing space for open discussions of failure within their educational programs and conferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: \"Comprehensive Characterization of a Subfamily of Ca²⁺-Binding Proteins in Mouse and Human Retinal Neurons at Single-Cell Resolution\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0101-25.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0101-25.2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Task Feature Determines the Dominant Task in Dual-Task Conditions?","authors":"Lu Gan, Zhilin Zhang, Zhiting Zhang, Jinglong Wu, Ji Dai, Shintaro Funahashi","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0542-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0542-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When attempting to concurrently perform two distinct cognitive tasks, the performance of either task is frequently compromised. This phenomenon is known as dual-task interference. Although multiple task features have been postulated to influence on dual-task interference, the primary determinant remains unclear. The determinant factor causing dual-task interference is an important issue to understand its mechanism and associated functions including switching tasks and planning task order. The present study investigated this issue using monkeys and three behavioral tasks requiring distinct cognitive processes (spatial working memory, SWM; working memory and long-term memory of objects, PA; object working memory, DMS) and manipulating task pair (SWM and PA or SWM and DMS), task order (fixed or randomized), and task difficulty (different delay lengths). The task introduced first showed better performance as compared with the task introduced second, suggesting the task order as an important factor. However, the performance of the SWM task decreased when preceded by the PA and DMS tasks, while the latter tasks were unaffected when the SWM task was introduced first. This tendency was more obvious in random-order conditions than fixed-order conditions. Further, interference effect increased as task difficulty increased. Although the task order is one determinant, our results show the difference in cognitive process needed for tasks, its complexity, and the demand of working memory resources as more significant determinants for deciding the dominant task in dual-task conditions, indicating importance of neural mechanisms including managing working memory resources and coordinating multiple cognitive processes to understand the cause of dual-task interference.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of extrinsic reward on motor plasticity during skill learning.","authors":"Goldy Yadav, Pierre Vassiliadis, Cecile Dubuc, Friedhelm C Hummel, Gerard Derosiere, Julie Duque","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0410-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0410-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human motor skill acquisition is improved by performance feedback and coupling such feedback with extrinsic reward (such as money) can enhance skill learning. However, the neurophysiology underlying such behavioral effect is unclear. To bridge this gap, we assessed the effects of reward on multiple forms of motor plasticity during skill learning. Sixty-five healthy participants divided in three groups performed a pinch-grip skill task with sensory feedback only, sensory and reinforcement feedback or both feedback coupled with an extrinsic monetary reward during skill training. To probe motor plasticity, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation at rest, on the left primary motor cortex before, at an early training time-point and after training in the three groups and measured Motor Evoked Potentials from task relevant muscle of the right arm. This allowed us to evaluate the amplitude and variability of corticospinal output, GABA-ergic short-intracortical inhibition and use-dependent plasticity before training and at two additional time points (early- and end-training). At the behavioral level, monetary reward accelerated skill learning. In parallel, corticospinal output became less variable early on during training in the presence of extrinsic reward. Interestingly, this effect was particularly pronounced for participants who were more sensitive to reward, as evaluated in an independent questionnaire. Other measures of motor excitability remained comparable across groups. These findings highlight that a mechanism underlying the benefit of reward on motor skill learning is the fine tuning of early-training resting-state corticospinal variability.<b>Significance statement</b> Skill acquisition is enhanced in the presence of reward. Despite its potential clinical relevance for motor rehabilitation, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Specifically, whether reward affects the plasticity of motor cortex in the context of skill learning is unclear. We show that reward reduces the variability of corticospinal output at an early stage during training and that this effect correlates with individual sensitivity to reward. Our results suggest that a key mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of reward on motor skill learning may be an increase in the stability of motor output in response to training during early stages of skill learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of speech masking on the human subcortical response to continuous speech.","authors":"Melissa J Polonenko, Ross K Maddox","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0561-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0561-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Auditory masking-the interference of the encoding and processing of an acoustic stimulus imposed by one or more competing stimuli-is nearly omnipresent in daily life, and presents a critical barrier to many listeners, including people with hearing loss, users of hearing aids and cochlear implants, and people with auditory processing disorders. The perceptual aspects of masking have been actively studied for several decades, and particular emphasis has been placed on masking of speech by other speech sounds. The neural effects of such masking, especially at the subcortical level, have been much less studied, in large part due to the technical limitations of making such measurements. Recent work has allowed estimation of the auditory brainstem response (ABR), whose characteristic waves are linked to specific subcortical areas, to naturalistic speech. In this study, we used those techniques to measure the encoding of speech stimuli that were masked by one or more simultaneous other speech stimuli. We presented listeners with simultaneous speech from one, two, three, or five simultaneous talkers, corresponding to a range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR; Clean, 0, -3, and -6 dB), and derived the ABR to each talker in the mixture. Each talker in a mixture was treated in turn as a target sound masked by other talkers, making the response quicker to acquire. We found consistently across listeners that ABR wave V amplitudes decreased and latencies increased as the number of competing talkers increased.<b>Significance statement</b> Trying to listen to someone speak in a noisy setting is a common challenge for most people, due to auditory masking. Masking has been studied extensively at the behavioral level, and more recently in the cortex using EEG and other neurophysiological methods. Much less is known, however, about how masking affects speech encoding in the subcortical auditory system. Here we presented listeners with mixtures of simultaneous speech streams ranging from one to five talkers. We used recently developed tools for measuring subcortical speech encoding to determine how the encoding of each speech stream was impacted by the masker speech. We show that the subcortical response to masked speech becomes smaller and increasingly delayed as the masking becomes more severe.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aniracetam Ameliorates Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Behavior in Adolescent Mice.","authors":"Xiao-Li Sun, Jie Cui, Hui Bai, Wei Zhang, Wan-Jun Bai","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0578-24.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0578-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 8-12% of children globally. Hyperactivity-related behaviors, as well as inattention and impulsivity, are regarded as the nuclear symptoms of ADHD. At present, its etiologies and risk factors are unknown. Previous research linked TARP γ-8 deficiency to ADHD-like behaviors in mice, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, and memory deficits. Aniracetam, a nootropic drug, enhances cognition by modulating cholinergic activity and glutamate receptors, offering neuroprotective effects. This study examined TARP γ-8 knockout (KO) mice at 4 and 8 weeks, assessing behaviors through locomotor activity, cliff avoidance, novel object recognition, and contextual fear conditioning tests. TARP γ-8 KO mice exhibited hyperactivity, reduced recognition memory, and impaired short-term memory and long-term memory. Aniracetam administration improved these behavioral deficits, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for ADHD. The findings align with ADHD's pathophysiology, resembling the neurological impairments in TARP γ-8 KO mice. Aniracetam shows promise as a novel treatment for ADHD symptoms, highlighting its therapeutic value.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paired Stimulation of Different Digits for 30 min Does Not Produce Long-Term Plastic Changes in the Human Cutaneomuscular Reflex.","authors":"Maria Germann, Eldesta Nabila, Stuart N Baker","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0103-24.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0103-24.2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneomuscular reflexes (CMRs) can be recorded in the hand muscle of human subjects after stimulation of a digital nerve. We hypothesized that repeated synchronous stimulation of nerves from two digits may lead to long-term plastic changes in CMR, by the mechanisms of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). To test this idea, we conducted experiments in 27 healthy human volunteers. After baseline measurement of CMR, one of four 30-min-long stimulation conditions were tested; the CMR was then remeasured. The four conditions were simultaneous index finger and thumb stimulation; asynchronous index finger and thumb stimulation; thumb 5 ms before index finger stimulation; and thumb-only stimulation. Neither the early (E1) nor late excitatory (E2) components of the CMR showed consistent changes after any stimulation condition. The inhibitory (I1) component was slightly reduced in all cases. To understand why paired stimulation did not produce long-term changes, we conducted a further experiment. In this, we measured the CMR in response to simultaneous stimulation of index finger and thumb, compared with a prediction expected if the responses summed linearly. This revealed sublinear summation, possibly indicating partial response saturation after stimulation of only one digit. We argue such a pattern prevents paired stimuli from generating especially reliable and well-timed outputs relative to synaptic inputs in downstream neurons, which is required to produce plasticity by STDP.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Speed and Accuracy of Human Movement Corrections to Visual, Somatosensory, and Tactile Perturbations: Evidence for Distinct Sensorimotor Processes.","authors":"Sadiya Abdulrabba, Jessica Facchini, Gerome Aleandro Manson","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0548-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0548-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans can adapt their movements in response to expected and unexpected perturbations. The speed and accuracy of these movement corrections may depend on the type of sensory information driving the perception of these perturbations. While previous research has indicated that corrections based on somatosensory information, comprised of proprioceptive and tactile inputs, are faster than corrections based on visual information, other studies have found comparable correction speeds in response to visual and tactile inputs. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the latencies (how fast) and magnitudes (how large) of movement corrections in response to perturbations of external visual targets, as well as somatosensory (proprioceptive and tactile), and tactile targets on the non-reaching limb. Participants performed reaching movements to a light-emitting diode (i.e., visual target), the felt position of a brush touching the index finger of the non-reaching hand (i.e., a tactile target), and the index finger of their non-reaching hand (somatosensory target). During some trials, the target was displaced 3 cm away or toward the participant either before or after movement onset. Participants demonstrated faster and larger corrections to somatosensory target perturbations than to visual or tactile target perturbations. However, corrections to visual targets were more accurate than corrections to tactile targets. These findings support the hypothesis that distinct sensorimotor processes may underlie the adjustments made in response to somatosensory information versus those made in response to visual and tactile information.<b>Significance Statement</b> This study focused on systematically comparing the latencies and magnitudes of corrections in response to visual, somatosensory, and tactile cues. We found that corrections to somatosensory cues, consisting of both proprioceptive and tactile information, were faster and larger than corrections to visual and tactile cues, although visual corrections were more accurate (reduced endpoint error) and precise (reduced endpoint variability) than tactile corrections. These findings support the hypothesis that distinct sensorimotor processes underlie movement corrections across different sensory modalities and emphasize the critical role of proprioceptive feedback in facilitating rapid, online adjustments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical efficacy of atomoxetine hydrochloride combined with electroencephalographic biofeedback in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.","authors":"Xinyue Liu, Xiaoliang Li, Limin Liu, Xiao Sun, Zhe Yu","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0371-24.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0371-24.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) adversely affects the learning, social interaction, and daily living of affected children. Atomoxetine (ATX) hydrochloride (HCI) has been widely used in clinical practice. Electroencephalogram (EEG) biofeedback, as a non-pharmacological treatment approach, has also demonstrated potential in improving symptoms in children with ADHD. We aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of combining ATX HCI with EEG biofeedback in the treatment of ADHD in children. We hypothesized that this combined therapy would be more effective in alleviating symptoms in children with ADHD. Ninety children with ADHD were randomly separated into the control group (receiving ATX HCI treatment for 12 weeks) and study group (receiving ATX HCI treatment for 12 weeks combined with 60 sessions of EEG biofeedback treatment) (n = 45). Swanson, Nolan and Pelham-IV (SNAP-IV) rating scale scores, Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT) results, Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) scores, and adverse reactions were counted. After 12 weeks of treatment, SNAP-IV scores were lower in both groups and were much lower in the study group; FAQ and FRCQ scores were elevated in both groups and were much higher in the study group; PSQ scores were lower in both groups and were much lower in the study group (all <i>P</i> < 0.05). During the treatment period, there was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between both groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The treatment combination of ATX HCI and EEG biofeedback is effective for children with ADHD, improving their behavioral issues and psychological conditions.<b>Significance statement</b> This study lays a foundation to explore the combined effects of ATX HCI and EEG biofeedback in children with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desynchronization Increased in the Synchronized State: Subsets of Neocortical Neurons Become Strongly Anticorrelated during NonREM Sleep.","authors":"Tangyu Liu, Jeremiah Hartner, Brendon O Watson","doi":"10.1523/ENEURO.0494-22.2025","DOIUrl":"10.1523/ENEURO.0494-22.2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to better understand the dynamics of cortical neurons during nonREM sleep-a state in which neuronal populations are silenced for ∼100 ms of every second due to delta wave fluctuations. This alternation between periods of population spiking (\"UP states\") and silence (\"DOWN states\") generally synchronizes populations at the 1 s timescale, although some prior work has shown that anticorrelations in nonREM can occur in pairs of neurons that are anticorrelated in wake. We used 24 h recordings of frontal cortical neurons in rats to measure cross-correlation between pairs of neurons in wake, nonREM, and REM. Surprisingly, while most pairs of neurons were synchronized, we found a minority of pairs that showed significant nonREM-induced desynchronization, as indicated by negative cross-correlations in nonREM without equivalent anticorrelation in wake or REM. Interestingly, the degree of anticorrelation within NREM epochs was positively modulated by oscillations in the low-frequency (i.e., \"delta\" or 1-4 Hz) range, meaning anticorrelation between some pairs increases when correlation increases between other pairs. Furthermore, this effect was mediated by firing during the nonsilent UP state phase of the delta cycle, indicating it is not due to neurons active in the DOWN state. Finally, high-variance spike timing between pairs of neurons and burst spiking during UP states are shown to specifically contribute to the anticorrelation. This state-specific desynchronization during the \"synchronized\" state represents a new phenomenon that can lead to new understanding of network dynamics during sleep.</p>","PeriodicalId":11617,"journal":{"name":"eNeuro","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}