Emerging Microbes & Infections最新文献

{"title":"Genetic microevolution of clinical <i>Candida auris</i> with reduced Amphotericin B sensitivity in China.","authors":"Sufei Tian, Chen Rong, Hailong Li, Yusheng Wu, Na Wu, Yunzhuo Chu, Ning Jiang, Jingping Zhang, Hong Shang","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2398596","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2398596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global rate of Amphotericin B (AmB) resistance in <i>Candida auris</i> has surpassed 12%. However, there is limited data on available clinical treatments and microevolutionary analyses concerning reduced AmB sensitivity. In this study, we collected 18 <i>C. auris</i> isolates from five patients between 2019 and 2022. We employed clinical data mining, genomic, and transcriptomic analyses to identify genetic evolutionary features linked to reduced AmB sensitivity in these isolates during clinical treatment. We identified six isolates with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AmB below 0.5 µg/mL (AmB^0.5) and 12 isolates with an AmB-MIC of 1 µg/mL (AmB¹) or ≥ 2 µg/mL (AmB²). All five patients received 24-hour AmB (5 mg/L) bladder irrigation treatment. Evolutionary analyses revealed an <i>ERG3</i> (c923t) mutation in AmB¹ <i>C. auris</i>. Additionally, AmB² <i>C. auris</i> was found to contain a t2831c mutation in the <i>RAD2</i> gene. In the AmB¹ group, membrane lipid-related gene expression (<i>ERG1, ERG2, ERG13,</i> and <i>ERG24</i>) was upregulated, while in the AmB² group, expression of DNA-related genes (e.g. <i>DNA2</i> and <i>PRI1</i>) was up-regulated. In a series of <i>C.auris</i> strains with reduced susceptibility to AmB, five key genes were identified: two upregulated (<i>IFF9</i> and <i>PGA6)</i> and three downregulated (<i>HGT7, HGT13,</i>and <i>PRI32)</i>. In this study, we demonstrate the microevolution of reduced AmB sensitivity in vivo and further elucidate the relationship between reduced AmB sensitivity and low-concentration AmB bladder irrigation. These findings offer new insights into potential antifungal drug targets and clinical markers for the \"super fungus\", <i>C. auris</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2398596"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11385638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the VP37 pocket of monkeypox virus as a promising target for pan-orthopoxvirus inhibitors through virtual screening and antiviral assays.","authors":"Shuting Huo, Leyun Wu, Baoying Huang, Nan Liu, Jiewei Sun, Fei Ye, Yao Deng, Jing Chen, Likun Gong, Weiliang Zhu, Zhijian Xu, Wenjie Tan","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2373309","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2373309","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2373309"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11251428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141450085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZMapp reduces diffusion of Ebola viral particles in fresh human cervicovaginal mucus.","authors":"Alison Schaefer, Bing Yang, Holly A Schroeder, Dimple Harit, Mike S Humphry, Larry Zeitlin, Kevin J Whaley, Jacques Ravel, William A Fischer, Samuel K Lai","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2352520","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2352520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaginal transmission from semen of male Ebola virus (EBOV) survivors has been implicated as a potential origin of Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks. While EBOV in semen must traverse cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) to reach target cells, the behaviour of EBOV in CVM is poorly understood. CVM contains substantial quantities of IgG, and arrays of IgG bound to a virion can develop multiple Fc-mucin bonds, immobilizing the IgG/virion complex in mucus. Here, we measured the real-time mobility of fluorescent Ebola virus-like-particles (VLP) in 50 CVM specimens from 17 women, with and without ZMapp, a cocktail of 3 monoclonal IgGs against EBOV. ZMapp-mediated effective trapping of Ebola VLPs in CVM from a subset of women across the menstrual cycle, primarily those with <i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i> dominant microbiota. Our work underscores the influence of the vaginal microbiome on IgG-mucin crosslinking against EBOV and identifies bottlenecks in the sexual transmission of EBOV.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2352520"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11100441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change, its impact on emerging infectious diseases and new technologies to combat the challenge.","authors":"Hongyan Liao, Christopher J Lyon, Binwu Ying, Tony Hu","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2356143","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2356143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b>Improved sanitation, increased access to health care, and advances in preventive and clinical medicine have reduced the mortality and morbidity rates of several infectious diseases. However, recent outbreaks of several emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have caused substantial mortality and morbidity, and the frequency of these outbreaks is likely to increase due to pathogen, environmental, and population effects driven by climate change. Extreme or persistent changes in temperature, precipitation, humidity, and air pollution associated with climate change can, for example, expand the size of EID reservoirs, increase host-pathogen and cross-species host contacts to promote transmission or spillover events, and degrade the overall health of susceptible host populations leading to new EID outbreaks. It is therefore vital to establish global strategies to track and model potential responses of candidate EIDs to project their future behaviour and guide research efforts on early detection and diagnosis technologies and vaccine development efforts for these targets. Multi-disciplinary collaborations are demanding to develop effective inter-continental surveillance and modelling platforms that employ artificial intelligence to mitigate climate change effects on EID outbreaks. In this review, we discuss how climate change has increased the risk of EIDs and describe novel approaches to improve surveillance of emerging pathogens that pose the risk for EID outbreaks, new and existing measures that could be used to contain or reduce the risk of future EID outbreaks, and new methods to improve EID tracking during further outbreaks to limit disease transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2356143"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11138229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disasters pile up on the rubbing heel: <i>Sporothrix globosa</i> as secondary infection to <i>Mycobacterium chelonae</i> infection.","authors":"Zhi Zhang, Lina Li, Hongsheng Wang, Xin Ran, Yuan Chen, Xinyao Liu, Yuping Ran","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2358073","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2358073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycobacterium chelonae</i> and <i>Sporothrix globosa</i>, both of which are opportunistic pathogens, have been proved to be possible multidrug resistant. However, are all recurring symptoms in chronic infections related to decreasing susceptibility? Here we report a case of sporotrichosis secondary to <i>M. chelonae</i> infection. In addition, we find that the blackish-red spots under the dermoscopic view can be employed as a signal for the early identification and regression of subcutaneous fungal infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2358073"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of fine particulate matter on latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis in older adults: a population-based multicentre cohort study.","authors":"Tonglei Guo, Sifan Tian, Henan Xin, Jiang Du, Xuefang Cao, Boxuan Feng, Yijun He, Yongpeng He, Dakuan Wang, Bin Zhang, Zisen Liu, Jiaoxia Yan, Lingyu Shen, Yuanzhi Di, Yanxiao Chen, Qi Jin, Shouguo Pan, Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou, Lei Gao, Xu Gao","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2302852","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2302852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence showed that air pollution was associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to study the impact of long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) on the acquisition of LTBI and on the risk of subsequent active disease development among rural older adults from a multicentre cohort, which have not yet been investigated to date. A total of 4790 older adults were included in a population-based, multicentre, prospective cohort study (LATENTTB-NSTM) from 2013 to 2018. The level of long-term exposure to PM_2.5 for each participant was assessed by aggregating satellite-based estimates. Logistic regression and time-varying Cox proportional hazards models with province-level random intercepts were employed to assess associations of long-term exposures to PM_2.5 with the risk of LTBI and subsequent development of active TB, respectively. Out of 4790 participants, 3284 were LTBI-free at baseline, among whom 2806 completed the one-year follow-up and 127 developed newly identified LTBI. No significant associations were identified between PM_2.5 and the risk of LTBI. And among 1506 participants with LTBI at baseline, 30 active TB cases were recorded during the 5-year follow-up. Particularly, an increment of 5 μg/m³ in 2-year moving averaged PM_2.5 was associated with a 50.6% increased risk of active TB (HR = 1.506, 95% CI: 1.161-1.955). Long-term air pollution might be a neglected risk factor for active TB development from LTBI, especially for those living in developing or less-developed areas where the air quality is poor.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2302852"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10826784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139490967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutralizing and enhancing monoclonal antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients: lessons from early variant infection and impact on shaping emerging variants.","authors":"Frédéric Coutant, Franck Touret, Jean-Jacques Pin, Marina Alonzo, Cécile Baronti, Sandie Munier, Mikaël Attia, Xavier de Lamballerie, Tristan Ferry, Pierre Miossec","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2307510","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2307510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serological studies of COVID-19 convalescent patients have identified polyclonal lineage-specific and cross-reactive antibodies (Abs), with varying effector functions against virus variants. Individual specificities of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs and their impact on infectivity by other variants have been little investigated to date. Here, we dissected at a monoclonal level neutralizing and enhancing Abs elicited by early variants and how they affect infectivity of emerging variants. B cells from 13 convalescent patients originally infected by D614G or Alpha variants were immortalized to isolate 445 naturally-produced anti-SARS-CoV-2 Abs. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were tested for their abilities to impact the cytopathic effect of D614G, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1) variants. Ninety-eight exhibited robust neutralization against at least one of the three variant types, while 309 showed minimal or no impact on infectivity. Thirty-eight mAbs enhanced infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. Infection with D614G/Alpha variants generated variant-specific (65 neutralizing Abs, 35 enhancing Abs) and cross-reactive (18 neutralizing Abs, 3 enhancing Abs) mAbs. Interestingly, among the neutralizing mAbs with cross-reactivity restricted to two of the three variants tested, none demonstrated specific neutralization of the Delta and Omicron variants. In contrast, cross-reactive mAbs enhancing infectivity (<i>n</i> = 3) were found exclusively specific to Delta and Omicron variants. Notably, two mAbs that amplified <i>in vitro</i> the cytopathic effect of the Delta variant also exhibited neutralization against Omicron. These findings shed light on functional diversity of cross-reactive Abs generated during SARS-CoV-2 infection and illustrate how the balance between neutralizing and enhancing Abs facilitate variant emergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2307510"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10829827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139490970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribbles pseudokinase 3 promotes enterovirus A71 infection via dual mechanisms.","authors":"Huiqiang Wang, Ke Li, Boming Cui, Haiyan Yan, Shuo Wu, Kun Wang, Ge Yang, Jiandong Jiang, Yuhuan Li","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2307514","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2307514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is the main pathogen causing hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children and occasionally associated with neurological diseases such as aseptic meningitis, brainstem encephalitis (BE) and acute flaccid paralysis. We report here that cellular pseudokinase tribbles 3 (TRIB3) facilitates the infection of EV-A71 via dual mechanisms. In one hand, TRIB3 maintains the metabolic stability of scavenger receptor class B member 2 (SCARB2), the <i>bona fide</i> receptor of EV-A71, to enhance the infectious entry and spreading of the virus. On the other hand, TRIB3 facilitates the replication of EV-A71 RNA in a SCARB2-independent manner. The critical role of TRIB3 in EV-A71 infection and pathogenesis was further demonstrated <i>in vivo</i> in mice. In comparison to wild-type C57BL/6 mice, EV-A71 infection in TRIB3 knockdown mice (<i>Trib3</i>^+/-) resulted in significantly lower viral loads in muscular tissues and reduced lethality and severity of clinical scores and tissue pathology. In addition, TRIB3 also promoted the replication of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) <i>in vitro</i>. In conclusion, our results suggest that TRIB3 is one of key host cellular proteins required for the infection and pathogenesis of EV-A71 and some other human enteroviruses and may thus be a potential therapeutic target for combating the infection of those viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2307514"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10829831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139490982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of genotype V Japanese encephalitis virus isolates from Republic of Korea.","authors":"Ah-Ra Lee, Sang-Hyun Kim, Su-Yeon Hong, Sang-Ho Lee, Jae Sang Oh, Kyung Yong Lee, Seong-Jun Kim, Tomohiro Ishikawa, Sang-Mu Shim, Hee Il Lee, Sang-Uk Seo","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2362392","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2362392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japanese encephalitis (JE), caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection, continues to pose significant public health challenges worldwide despite efficient vaccines. The virus is classified into five genotypes, among which genotype V (GV) was not detected for a long period after its initial isolation in 1952, until reports emerged from China and the Republic of Korea (ROK) since 2009. The characteristics of the virus are crucial in estimating its potential epidemiological impact. However, characterization of GV JEVs has so far been limited to two strains: Muar, the original isolate, and XZ0934, isolated in China. Two additional ROK GV JEV isolates, NCCP 43279 and NCCP 43413, are currently available, but their characteristics have not been explored. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that GV virus sequences from the ROK segregate into two clades. NCCP 43279 and NCCP 43413 belong to different clades and exhibit distinct <i>in vitro</i> phenotypes. NCCP 43279 forms larger plaques but demonstrates inefficient propagation in cell culture compared to NCCP 43413. <i>In vivo</i>, NCCP 43279 induces higher morbidity and mortality in mice than NCCP 43413. Notably, NCCP 43279 shows more severe blood-brain barrier damage, suggesting superior brain invasion capabilities. Consistent with its higher virulence, NCCP 43279 displays more pronounced histopathological and immunopathological outcomes. In conclusion, our study confirms that the two ROK isolates are not only classified into different clades but also exhibit distinct <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2362392"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotech's role in advancing HIV vaccine development.","authors":"Roger Tatoud, Christian Brander, Carey Hwang, Jo Kennelly, Shan Lu, Kevin O'Neil, Jeffrey T Safrit, Iris Benhayoun, Julieta Firmat, Nelli Barriere","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2384460","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2384460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV vaccine development has been hindered by significant challenges over four decades. Despite persistent efforts, all efficacy trials to date have yielded disappointing results. This has pushed the field back to the discovery phase and created uncertainty about the future involvement of large pharmaceutical companies. Currently, the HIV vaccine landscape is dominated by startup biotech firms, which face a complex array of obstacles. These include evolving HIV prevention methods, waning interest in vaccine research, and difficulties securing sustainable funding. This viewpoint explores the challenges faced by these biotech companies and the support mechanisms necessary for their continued involvement in HIV vaccine development. By leveraging insights from both pharmaceutical and biotech sectors, we propose a multi-faceted approach that includes enhanced communication, fostering innovation, and implementing strategic funding models.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2384460"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11321102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}