Emerging Microbes & Infections最新文献

{"title":"H7N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza in Mozambique, 2023.","authors":"Iolanda Vieira Anahory Monjane, Hernâni Djedje, Esmeralda Tamele, Virgínia Nhabomba, Almiro Rogério Tivane, Zacarias Elias Massicame, Dercília Mudanisse Arone, Ambra Pastori, Alessio Bortolami, Isabella Monne, Timothy Woma, Charles E Lamien, William G Dundon","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2321993","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2321993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On 13 October 2023, the National Directorate for Livestock Development in Mozambique was notified of a suspected outbreak of avian influenza in commercial layers. Samples were screened by real-time and conventional RT-PCR and were positive for both H7 and N6. Full genome sequences were obtained for three representative samples. Sequence analysis of the H7 cleavage site confirmed that the viruses were highly pathogenic (i.e. 333- PEPPKGPRFRR/GLF-346). In addition, the H7 and N6 sequences were highly similar (from 99.4-99.5% and 99.6-99.7% for the HA gene and the NA gene, respectively) to the sequences of a H7N6 virus identified in the Republic of South Africa in May 2023 indicating a similar origin of the viruses. The identification of H7N6 HPAIV in Mozambique has important implications for disease management and food security in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":"13 1","pages":"2321993"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10906114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139995918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to the letter to the editor: Lansoprazole interferes with fungal respiration and acts synergistically with amphotericin B against multidrug-resistant <i>Candida auris</i>.","authors":"Ehab A Salama, Yehia Elgammal, Aruna Wijeratne, Nadia A Lanman, Sagar M Utturkar, Atena Farhangian, Jianing Li, Brigitte Meunier, Tony R Hazbun, Mohamed N Seleem","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2396869","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2396869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2396869"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole genome sequencing unravels cryptic circulation of divergent dengue virus lineages in the rainforest region of Nigeria.","authors":"Bernard Anyebe Onoja, Judith Uche Oguzie, Uwem Etop George, Kaego Emmanuel Asoh, Philip Ajayi, Toluwanimi Faithful Omofaye, Imafidon Oluwatoyin Igeleke, Philomena Eromon, Soumare Harouna, Edyth Parker, Adekunle Johnson Adeniji, Christian T Happi","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2307511","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2307511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue is often misclassified and underreported in Africa due to inaccurate differential diagnoses of nonspecific febrile illnesses such as malaria, sparsity of diagnostic testing and poor clinical and genomic surveillance. There are limited reports on the seroprevalence and genetic diversity of dengue virus (DENV) in humans and vectors in Nigeria. In this study, we investigated the epidemiology and genetic diversity of dengue in the rainforest region of Nigeria. We screened 515 febrile patients who tested negative for malaria and typhoid fever in three hospitals in Oyo and Ekiti States in southern Nigeria with a combination of anti-dengue IgG/IgM/NS1 rapid test kits and metagenomic sequencing. We found that approximately 28% of screened patients had previous DENV exposure, with the highest prevalence in persons over sixty. Approximately 8% of the patients showed evidence of recent or current infection, and 2.7% had acute infection. Following sequencing of sixty samples, we assembled twenty DENV-1 genomes (3 complete and 17 partial). We found that all assembled genomes belonged to DENV-1 genotype III. Our phylogenetic analyses showed evidence of prolonged cryptic circulation of divergent DENV lineages in Oyo state. We were unable to resolve the source of DENV in Nigeria owing to limited sequencing data from the region. However, our sequences clustered closely with sequences in Tanzania and sequences reported in Chinese with travel history to Tanzania in 2019. This may reflect the wider unsampled bidirectional transmission of DENV-1 in Africa, which strongly emphasizes the importance of genomic surveillance in monitoring ongoing DENV transmission in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2307511"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10829817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139490988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep immunoglobulin repertoire sequencing depicts a comprehensive atlas of spike-specific antibody lineages shared among COVID-19 convalescents.","authors":"Qihong Yan, Yudi Zhang, Ruitian Hou, Wenjing Pan, Huan Liang, Xijie Gao, Weiqi Deng, Xiaohan Huang, Linbing Qu, Congli Tang, Ping He, Banghui Liu, Qian Wang, Xinwei Zhao, Zihan Lin, Zhaoming Chen, Pingchao Li, Jian Han, Xiaoli Xiong, Jincun Zhao, Song Li, Xuefeng Niu, Ling Chen","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2023.2290841","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2023.2290841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutralizing antibodies are a key component in protective humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, available technologies cannot track epitope-specific antibodies in global antibody repertoires. Thus, the comprehensive repertoire of spike-specific neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is not fully understood. We therefore combined high-throughput immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) repertoire sequencing, and structural and bioinformatics analysis to establish an antibodyomics pipeline, which enables tracking spike-specific antibody lineages that target certain neutralizing epitopes. We mapped the neutralizing epitopes on the spike and determined the epitope-preferential antibody lineages. This analysis also revealed numerous overlaps between immunodominant neutralizing antibody-binding sites and mutation hotspots on spikes as observed so far in SARS-CoV-2 variants. By clustering 2677 spike-specific antibodies with 360 million IgH sequences that we sequenced, a total of 329 shared spike-specific antibody clonotypes were identified from 33 COVID-19 convalescents and 24 SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals. Epitope mapping showed that the shared antibody responses target not only neutralizing epitopes on RBD and NTD but also non-neutralizing epitopes on S2. The immunodominance of neutralizing antibody response is determined by the occurrence of specific precursors in human naïve B-cell repertoires. We identified that only 28 out of the 329 shared spike-specific antibody clonotypes persisted for at least 12 months. Among them, long-lived IGHV3-53 antibodies are likely to evolve cross-reactivity to Omicron variants through accumulating somatic hypermutations. Altogether, we created a comprehensive atlas of spike-targeting antibody lineages in COVID-19 convalescents and antibody precursors in human naïve B cell repertoires, providing a valuable reference for future vaccine design and evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2290841"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10810631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138477052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of S2 mutations on Omicron SARS-CoV-2 cell surface expression and fusogenicity.","authors":"Alba Escalera, Manon Laporte, Sam Turner, Umut Karakus, Ana S Gonzalez-Reiche, Adriana van de Guchte, Keith Farrugia, Zain Khalil, Harm van Bakel, Derek Smith, Adolfo García-Sastre, Teresa Aydillo","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2023.2297553","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2023.2297553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants are still emerging and spreading worldwide. These variants contain a high number of polymorphisms in the spike (S) glycoprotein that could potentially impact their pathogenicity and transmission. We have previously shown that the S:655Y and P681H mutations enhance S protein cleavage and syncytia formation. Interestingly, these polymorphisms are present in Omicron S protein. Here, we characterized the cleavage efficiency and fusogenicity of the S protein of different Omicron sublineages. Our results showed that Omicron BA.1 subvariant is efficiently cleaved but it is poorly fusogenic compared to previous SARS-CoV-2 strains. To understand the basis of this phenotype, we generated chimeric S protein using combinations of the S1 and S2 domains from WA1, Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants. We found that the S2 domain of Omicron BA.1 hindered efficient cell-cell fusion. Interestingly, this domain only contains six unique polymorphisms never detected before in ancestral SARS-CoV-2 variants. WA1^614G S proteins containing the six individuals S2 Omicron mutations were assessed for their fusogenicity and S surface expression after transfection in cells. Results showed that the S:N856K and N969K substitutions decreased syncytia formation and impacted S protein cell surface levels. However, we observed that \"first-generation\" Omicron sublineages that emerged subsequently, had convergently evolved to an enhanced fusogenic activity and S expression on the surface of infected cells while \"second-generation\" Omicron variants have highly diverged and showed lineage-specific fusogenic properties. Importantly, our findings could have potential implications in the improvement and redesign of COVID-19 vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2297553"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10866063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138795451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The structure of inactivated mature tick-borne encephalitis virus at 3.0 Å resolution.","authors":"Evgeny B Pichkur, Mikhail F Vorovitch, Alla L Ivanova, Elena V Protopopova, Valery B Loktev, Dmitry I Osolodkin, Aydar A Ishmukhametov, Valeriya R Samygina","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2313849","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2313849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes a severe disease, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), that has a substantial epidemiological importance for Northern Eurasia. Between 10,000 and 15,000 TBE cases are registered annually despite the availability of effective formaldehyde-inactivated full-virion vaccines due to insufficient vaccination coverage, as well as sporadic cases of vaccine breakthrough. The development of improved vaccines would benefit from the atomic resolution structure of the antigen. Here we report the refined single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the inactivated mature TBEV vaccine strain Sofjin-Chumakov (Far-Eastern subtype) at a resolution of 3.0 Å. The increase of the resolution with respect to the previously published structures of TBEV strains Hypr and Kuutsalo-14 (European subtype) was reached due to improvement of the virus sample quality achieved by the optimized preparation methods. All the surface epitopes of TBEV were structurally conserved in the inactivated virions. ELISA studies with monoclonal antibodies supported the hypothesis of TBEV protein shell cross-linking upon inactivation with formaldehyde.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":"13 1","pages":"2313849"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10930109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing histoplasmosis genomic epidemiology and species occurrence across the USA.","authors":"Bernardo Guerra Tenório, Daniel R Kollath, Lalitha Gade, Anastasia P Litvintseva, Tom Chiller, Jeff S Jenness, Jason E Stajich, Daniel R Matute, Andrew S Hanzlicek, Bridget M Barker, Marcus de Melo Teixeira","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2315960","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2315960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b>Histoplasmosis is an endemic mycosis in North America frequently reported along the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys, although autochthonous cases occur in non-endemic areas. In the United States, the disease is provoked by two genetically distinct clades of <i>Histoplasma capsulatum sensu lato</i>, <i>Histoplasma mississippiense</i> (Nam1) and <i>H. ohiense</i> (Nam2). To bridge the molecular epidemiological gap, we genotyped 93 <i>Histoplasma</i> isolates (62 novel genomes) including clinical, environmental, and veterinarian samples from a broader geographical range by whole-genome sequencing, followed by evolutionary and species niche modelling analyses. We show that histoplasmosis is caused by two major lineages, <i>H. ohiense</i> and <i>H. mississippiense</i>; with sporadic cases caused by <i>H. suramericanum</i> in California and Texas. While <i>H. ohiense</i> is prevalent in eastern states, <i>H. mississipiense</i> was found to be prevalent in the central and western portions of the United States, but also geographically overlapping in some areas suggesting that these species might co-occur. Species Niche Modelling revealed that <i>H. ohiense</i> thrives in places with warmer and drier conditions, while <i>H. mississippiense</i> is endemic to areas with cooler temperatures and more precipitation. In addition, we predicted multiple areas of secondary contact zones where the two species co-occur, potentially facilitating gene exchange and hybridization. This study provides the most comprehensive understanding of the genomic epidemiology of histoplasmosis in the USA and lays a blueprint for the study of invasive fungal diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":"13 1","pages":"2315960"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10930103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylodynamics of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in Bangladesh identifying domestic ducks as the amplifying host reservoir.","authors":"Ariful Islam, Michelle Wille, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Ashleigh F Porter, Mohammed Enayet Hosaain, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Tahmina Shirin, Jonathan H Epstein, Marcel Klaassen","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2399268","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2399268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 first emerged in Bangladesh in 2007. Despite the use of vaccines in chickens since 2012 to control HPAI, HPAI H5Nx viruses have continued to infect poultry, and wild birds, resulting in notable mass mortalities in house crows (<i>Corvus splendens</i>). The first HPAI H5Nx viruses in Bangladesh belonged to clade 2.2.2, followed by clade 2.3.4.2 and 2.3.2.1 viruses in 2011. After the implementation of chicken vaccination in 2012, these viruses were mostly replaced by clade 2.3.2.1a viruses and more recently clade 2.3.4.4b and h viruses. In this study, we reconstruct the phylogenetic history of HPAI H5Nx viruses in Bangladesh to evaluate the role of major host species in the maintenance and evolution of HPAI H5Nx virus in Bangladesh and reveal the role of heavily impacted crows in virus epidemiology. Epizootic waves caused by HPAI H5N1 and H5N6 viruses amongst house crows occurred annually in winter. Bayesian phylodynamic analysis of clade 2.3.2.1a revealed frequent bidirectional viral transitions between domestic ducks, chickens, and house crows that was markedly skewed towards ducks; domestic ducks might be the source, or reservoir, of HPAI H5Nx in Bangladesh, as the number of viral transitions from ducks to chickens and house crows was by far more numerous than the other transitions. Our results suggest viral circulation in domestic birds despite vaccination, with crow epizootics acting as a sentinel. The vaccination strategy needs to be updated to use more effective vaccinations, assess vaccine efficacy, and extension of vaccination to domestic ducks, the key reservoir.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2399268"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11389634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESKAPE in China: epidemiology and characteristics of antibiotic resistance.","authors":"Qixia Luo, Ping Lu, Yunbo Chen, Ping Shen, Beiwen Zheng, Jinru Ji, Chaoqun Ying, Zhiying Liu, Yonghong Xiao","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2317915","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2317915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The escalation of antibiotic resistance and the diminishing antimicrobial pipeline have emerged as significant threats to public health. The ESKAPE pathogens - Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. - were initially identified as critical multidrug-resistant bacteria, demanding urgently effective therapies. Despite the introduction of various new antibiotics and antibiotic adjuvants, such as innovative β-lactamase inhibitors, these organisms continue to pose substantial therapeutic challenges. People's Republic of China, as a country facing a severe bacterial resistance situation, has undergone a series of changes and findings in recent years in terms of the prevalence, transmission characteristics and resistance mechanisms of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The increasing levels of population mobility have not only shaped the unique characteristics of antibiotic resistance prevalence and transmission within People's Republic of China but have also indirectly reflected global patterns of antibiotic-resistant dissemination. What's more, as a vast nation, People's Republic of China exhibits significant variations in the levels of antibiotic resistance and the prevalence characteristics of antibiotic resistant bacteria across different provinces and regions. In this review, we examine the current epidemiology and characteristics of this important group of bacterial pathogens, delving into relevant mechanisms of resistance to recently introduced antibiotics that impact their clinical utility in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2317915"},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10896150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139734726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological and molecular survey of rat hepatitis E virus (<i>Rocahepevirus ratti</i>) in drug users.","authors":"Maria Casares-Jimenez, Diana Corona-Mata, Transito Garcia-Garcia, Leticia Manchado-Lopez, Lucia Rios-Muñoz, Maria de Guia-Castro, Pedro Lopez-Lopez, David Caceres-Anillo, Angela Camacho, Javier Caballero-Gomez, Ignacio Perez-Valero, Marina Gallo-Marin, Ana Belen Perez, Rainer G Ulrich, Antonio Rivero-Juarez, Antonio Rivero","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2396865","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2396865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b>Rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV) is an emerging cause of acute hepatitis of zoonotic origin. Since seroprevalence studies are scarce, at-risk groups are almost unknown. Because blood-borne infections frequently occur in people with drug use, who are particularly vulnerable to infection due to lack of housing and homelessness, this population constitutes a priority in which ratHEV infection should be evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ratHEV seroprevalence and RNA detection rate in drug users as a potential at-risk population. We designed a retrospective study involving individuals that attended drug rehabilitation centres. Exposure to ratHEV was assessed by specific antibody detection using ELISA and dot blot (DB) assay and the presence of active infection by ratHEV RNA detection using RT-qPCR. Three-hundred and forty-one individuals were included, the most of them being men (67.7%) with an average age of 45 years. A total of 17 individuals showed specific IgG antibodies against ratHEV (4.6%; 95% CI; 3.1%-7.9%). One case of active ratHEV infection was identified (0.3%; 95% CI: 0.1%-1.8%). This was a 57-year-old homeless woman with limited financial resources, who had active cocaine and heroin use via parenteral route. In conclusion, we identified a potential exposure to ratHEV among drug users. Targeted studies in drug users with proper control groups are necessary to evaluate high-risk populations and transmission routes more accurately.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2396865"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11376293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}