Yahong Hu, Lin Zhou, Qianqian Du, Wei Shi, Qinghong Meng, Lin Yuan, Huili Hu, Lijuan Ma, Dongfang Li, Kaihu Yao
{"title":"中国北方高毒力百日咳大环内酯类耐药病例急剧上升。","authors":"Yahong Hu, Lin Zhou, Qianqian Du, Wei Shi, Qinghong Meng, Lin Yuan, Huili Hu, Lijuan Ma, Dongfang Li, Kaihu Yao","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2025.2475841","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To elucidate the evolution of antigen genotype and antimicrobial resistance distribution of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> (<i>B. pertussis</i>) from 2019 to 2023 in northern China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing were utilized to identify the seven antigen genotypes (<i>ptxA, ptxC, ptxP, prn, fim2, fim3, tcfA</i>). E-test and Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disc diffusion were employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition for <i>B. pertussis</i> against antimicrobial agents. Subsequently, 50 isolates were chosen for multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) typing and whole-genome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 442 <i>B. pertussis</i> isolates were determined. The strains with high virulence harbouring <i>ptxP3</i> allele surged from 13.5% (21/155) in 2019-2021 to 93.0% (267/287) in 2022-2023. Concurrently, the erythromycin resistance <i>B. pertussis</i> (ERBP) in <i>ptxP3</i> isolates markedly rose from 42.9% (9/21) in 2019-2021 to 100% (267/267) in 2022-2023. The majority of <i>ptxP3</i> isolates (76.0%,219/288) exhibited the <i>ptxA1/ptxC1/prn2/fim2-1/fim3A/tcfA-2</i> genotype. Among the 442 confirmed patients, the children aged 3-14 years escalated rapidly from 13.5% in 2019 to 45.6% in 2023. The MT28 strains were responsible for 66.0% (33/50) of the tested ones, in which ERBP was prevalent at 87.9% (29/33). All the present sequenced <i>ptxP3</i>-ERBP strains (31/31) were clustered into the sub-lineage IVd.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggested the clonal spread of the <i>ptxP3</i>-ERBP lineage of <i>B. pertussis</i> with high virulence and macrolides resistance could be an important cause of the recent pertussis resurgence in China. Furthermore, the increased cases among pre-school and school-aged children underscore the importance of booster vaccination in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2475841"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921162/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Sharp rise in high-virulence Bordetella pertussis with macrolides resistance in Northern China.\",\"authors\":\"Yahong Hu, Lin Zhou, Qianqian Du, Wei Shi, Qinghong Meng, Lin Yuan, Huili Hu, Lijuan Ma, Dongfang Li, Kaihu Yao\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/22221751.2025.2475841\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To elucidate the evolution of antigen genotype and antimicrobial resistance distribution of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> (<i>B. pertussis</i>) from 2019 to 2023 in northern China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing were utilized to identify the seven antigen genotypes (<i>ptxA, ptxC, ptxP, prn, fim2, fim3, tcfA</i>). E-test and Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disc diffusion were employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition for <i>B. pertussis</i> against antimicrobial agents. Subsequently, 50 isolates were chosen for multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) typing and whole-genome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 442 <i>B. pertussis</i> isolates were determined. The strains with high virulence harbouring <i>ptxP3</i> allele surged from 13.5% (21/155) in 2019-2021 to 93.0% (267/287) in 2022-2023. Concurrently, the erythromycin resistance <i>B. pertussis</i> (ERBP) in <i>ptxP3</i> isolates markedly rose from 42.9% (9/21) in 2019-2021 to 100% (267/267) in 2022-2023. The majority of <i>ptxP3</i> isolates (76.0%,219/288) exhibited the <i>ptxA1/ptxC1/prn2/fim2-1/fim3A/tcfA-2</i> genotype. Among the 442 confirmed patients, the children aged 3-14 years escalated rapidly from 13.5% in 2019 to 45.6% in 2023. The MT28 strains were responsible for 66.0% (33/50) of the tested ones, in which ERBP was prevalent at 87.9% (29/33). All the present sequenced <i>ptxP3</i>-ERBP strains (31/31) were clustered into the sub-lineage IVd.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggested the clonal spread of the <i>ptxP3</i>-ERBP lineage of <i>B. pertussis</i> with high virulence and macrolides resistance could be an important cause of the recent pertussis resurgence in China. Furthermore, the increased cases among pre-school and school-aged children underscore the importance of booster vaccination in this population.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11602,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Emerging Microbes & Infections\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"2475841\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":8.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921162/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Emerging Microbes & Infections\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2025.2475841\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/3/18 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"IMMUNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2025.2475841","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/3/18 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Sharp rise in high-virulence Bordetella pertussis with macrolides resistance in Northern China.
Objective: To elucidate the evolution of antigen genotype and antimicrobial resistance distribution of Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) from 2019 to 2023 in northern China.
Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing were utilized to identify the seven antigen genotypes (ptxA, ptxC, ptxP, prn, fim2, fim3, tcfA). E-test and Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disc diffusion were employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition for B. pertussis against antimicrobial agents. Subsequently, 50 isolates were chosen for multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) typing and whole-genome sequencing.
Results: A total of 442 B. pertussis isolates were determined. The strains with high virulence harbouring ptxP3 allele surged from 13.5% (21/155) in 2019-2021 to 93.0% (267/287) in 2022-2023. Concurrently, the erythromycin resistance B. pertussis (ERBP) in ptxP3 isolates markedly rose from 42.9% (9/21) in 2019-2021 to 100% (267/267) in 2022-2023. The majority of ptxP3 isolates (76.0%,219/288) exhibited the ptxA1/ptxC1/prn2/fim2-1/fim3A/tcfA-2 genotype. Among the 442 confirmed patients, the children aged 3-14 years escalated rapidly from 13.5% in 2019 to 45.6% in 2023. The MT28 strains were responsible for 66.0% (33/50) of the tested ones, in which ERBP was prevalent at 87.9% (29/33). All the present sequenced ptxP3-ERBP strains (31/31) were clustered into the sub-lineage IVd.
Conclusions: These results suggested the clonal spread of the ptxP3-ERBP lineage of B. pertussis with high virulence and macrolides resistance could be an important cause of the recent pertussis resurgence in China. Furthermore, the increased cases among pre-school and school-aged children underscore the importance of booster vaccination in this population.
期刊介绍：
Emerging Microbes & Infections is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to publishing research at the intersection of emerging immunology and microbiology viruses.
The journal's mission is to share information on microbes and infections, particularly those gaining significance in both biological and clinical realms due to increased pathogenic frequency. Emerging Microbes & Infections is committed to bridging the scientific gap between developed and developing countries.
This journal addresses topics of critical biological and clinical importance, including but not limited to:
- Epidemic surveillance
- Clinical manifestations
- Diagnosis and management
- Cellular and molecular pathogenesis
- Innate and acquired immune responses between emerging microbes and their hosts
- Drug discovery
- Vaccine development research
Emerging Microbes & Infections invites submissions of original research articles, review articles, letters, and commentaries, fostering a platform for the dissemination of impactful research in the field.
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