Sharp rise in high-virulence Bordetella pertussis with macrolides resistance in Northern China.

IF 8.4 2区医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY

Emerging Microbes & Infections Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-18 DOI:10.1080/22221751.2025.2475841

Yahong Hu, Lin Zhou, Qianqian Du, Wei Shi, Qinghong Meng, Lin Yuan, Huili Hu, Lijuan Ma, Dongfang Li, Kaihu Yao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: To elucidate the evolution of antigen genotype and antimicrobial resistance distribution of Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) from 2019 to 2023 in northern China.

Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing were utilized to identify the seven antigen genotypes (ptxA, ptxC, ptxP, prn, fim2, fim3, tcfA). E-test and Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disc diffusion were employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition for B. pertussis against antimicrobial agents. Subsequently, 50 isolates were chosen for multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) typing and whole-genome sequencing.

Results: A total of 442 B. pertussis isolates were determined. The strains with high virulence harbouring ptxP3 allele surged from 13.5% (21/155) in 2019-2021 to 93.0% (267/287) in 2022-2023. Concurrently, the erythromycin resistance B. pertussis (ERBP) in ptxP3 isolates markedly rose from 42.9% (9/21) in 2019-2021 to 100% (267/267) in 2022-2023. The majority of ptxP3 isolates (76.0%,219/288) exhibited the ptxA1/ptxC1/prn2/fim2-1/fim3A/tcfA-2 genotype. Among the 442 confirmed patients, the children aged 3-14 years escalated rapidly from 13.5% in 2019 to 45.6% in 2023. The MT28 strains were responsible for 66.0% (33/50) of the tested ones, in which ERBP was prevalent at 87.9% (29/33). All the present sequenced ptxP3-ERBP strains (31/31) were clustered into the sub-lineage IVd.

Conclusions: These results suggested the clonal spread of the ptxP3-ERBP lineage of B. pertussis with high virulence and macrolides resistance could be an important cause of the recent pertussis resurgence in China. Furthermore, the increased cases among pre-school and school-aged children underscore the importance of booster vaccination in this population.

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中国北方高毒力百日咳大环内酯类耐药病例急剧上升。

目的：了解2019 - 2023年中国北方地区百日咳杆菌抗原基因型演变及耐药分布。方法：采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增和测序技术，鉴定7种抗原基因型（ptxA、ptxC、ptxP、prn、fim2、fim3、tcfA）。采用E-test和Kirby-Bauer （K-B）纸片扩散法测定百日咳菌对抗菌药物的最小抑制浓度（MIC）和抑制区。随后，选择50株进行多位点可变数串联重复分析（MLVA）分型和全基因组测序。结果：共检出百日咳分离株442株。携带ptxP3等位基因的高毒力菌株从2019-2021年的13.5%（21/155）激增至2022-2023年的93.0%（267/287）。同时，ptxP3分离株对百日咳红霉素耐药性（ERBP）从2019-2021年的42.9%（9/21）显著上升至2022-2023年的100%（267/267）。与ptxP1分离株相比，大多数ptxP3分离株（76.0%,219/288）表现为ptxA1/ptxC1/prn2/fim2-1/fim3A/tcfA-2基因型，与疫苗株（ptxA2/ptxC1/ptxP1/prn1/fim2-1/fim3A/tcfA-2）的等位基因差异更大。在442例确诊患者中，3-14岁儿童的比例从2019年的13.5%迅速上升到2023年的45.6%。MT28株占66.0% (33/50)，ERBP株占87.9%（29/33）。所有已测序的ptxP3-ERBP菌株（31/31）均聚集在IVd亚系中。结论：具有高毒力和大环内酯类耐药的百日咳分枝杆菌ptxP3-ERBP谱系的克隆传播可能是近期中国百日咳死灰复燃的重要原因。此外，学龄前和学龄儿童中病例的增加强调了在这一人群中加强疫苗接种的重要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Emerging Microbes & Infections IMMUNOLOGY-MICROBIOLOGY

CiteScore

26.20

自引率

2.30%

发文量

276

审稿时长

20 weeks

期刊介绍： Emerging Microbes & Infections is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to publishing research at the intersection of emerging immunology and microbiology viruses. The journal's mission is to share information on microbes and infections, particularly those gaining significance in both biological and clinical realms due to increased pathogenic frequency. Emerging Microbes & Infections is committed to bridging the scientific gap between developed and developing countries. This journal addresses topics of critical biological and clinical importance, including but not limited to: - Epidemic surveillance - Clinical manifestations - Diagnosis and management - Cellular and molecular pathogenesis - Innate and acquired immune responses between emerging microbes and their hosts - Drug discovery - Vaccine development research Emerging Microbes & Infections invites submissions of original research articles, review articles, letters, and commentaries, fostering a platform for the dissemination of impactful research in the field.