{"title":"Optimization of Triple-Branching Bioinspired Honeycomb Structure Liquid Cooling-Hydrated Salt Composite Phase Change Coupled Thermal Management Systems for Power Batteries","authors":"He Gong, Hangyu Wang, Jianxiong Jin, Bin Gong","doi":"10.1002/ente.70583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70583","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective thermal management is essential for ensuring the performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries. In this study, a composite phase change material (CPCM)-liquid cooling coupling battery thermal management system (BTMS) is proposed to suppress heat accumulation and reduce thermal gradients in 18 650 battery packs under high-rate discharge conditions. An electrochemical–thermal coupling model was established and validated through experiments and multiphysics simulations to predict the spatiotemporal heat generation behavior of the battery. Liquid cooling plates were arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the module, and the effects of cold plate structure, inlet/outlet configuration, turbulence column radius, channel height, and coolant inlet velocity on thermal performance and pressure drop were systematically investigated. To further improve temperature uniformity, a CPCM composed of calcium chloride hexahydrate and expanded graphite was introduced. Optimal Latin Hypercube Sampling (OLHS), NSGA-III, and entropy-weighted TOPSIS were employed for multi-objective optimization. Under an ambient temperature of 25 °C and a 3C discharge rate, the optimized system achieved a maximum temperature (<i>T</i><sub>max</sub>) of 29.49 °C, a temperature difference (Δ<i>T</i>) of 2.92 °C, and a pressure drop (Δ<i>P</i>) of 29.83 Pa, reduced by 3.8%, 14.4%, and 74.3%, respectively, compared with the initial BTMS.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bing Zhang, Yu Zhang, Zhengxin Lu, Song Zhou, Ping Li, Kui Xu, Yonghua Chen
{"title":"Trace Ni2+-Assisted Crystallization Regulation of Cu-Based Electrocatalysts for Enhanced Methane Production in CO2 Reduction","authors":"Bing Zhang, Yu Zhang, Zhengxin Lu, Song Zhou, Ping Li, Kui Xu, Yonghua Chen","doi":"10.1002/ente.70614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70614","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR) stands as a pivotal strategy for the selective conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into high-energy-density hydrocarbons, offering a promising avenue for carbon neutrality. Cu-based electrodes have emerged as a highly potential platform for the production of diverse products, yet their practical application is hindered by the crystallization regulation of electrocatalysts achieving high selectivity for multielectron products. Here, we report Cu-based electrodes, deposited on carbon paper via facile one-step coelectrodeposition methods, for efficient electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub>RR. The introduction of trace Ni was found to smooth the surface of Cu-based electrocatalysts, thereby facilitating the electron transfer at the catalytic interface. For CuNi<sub>0.3%</sub> electrode, a maximum Faraday efficiency of 30.5% and a CH<sub>4</sub> yield rate of 16.4 mg h<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup> were achieved at −1.4 V versus RHE, outperforming the Cu electrode (17.9% FE) and the CuNi<sub>0.6%</sub> electrode (26.9%). This enhancement might be attributed to the superior surface of the CuNi<sub>0.3%</sub> electrocatalyst, with the trace amount of Ni<sup>2+</sup> codeposition playing a critical role in optimizing the smooth surface of the Cu electrode. Density functional theory calculations further revealed that Ni addition is thermodynamically favorable for the deep hydrogenation of *CO by lowering the formation energies of *CO and *COH intermediates.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selin Gümrükçü, Baran Sarac, Jozef Keckes, Tolga Karazehir, Eray Yüce, Ekrem Kaplan, Radovan Černý, Jürgen Eckert, A. Sezai Sarac, İbrahim Özçeşmeci
{"title":"Electrodeposited Cobalt Bis(pyridylimino)isoindolide Complex on Graphite: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrocatalytic Activity Toward Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Selin Gümrükçü, Baran Sarac, Jozef Keckes, Tolga Karazehir, Eray Yüce, Ekrem Kaplan, Radovan Černý, Jürgen Eckert, A. Sezai Sarac, İbrahim Özçeşmeci","doi":"10.1002/ente.70581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70581","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrodeposited cobalt bis(pyridylimino)isoindolide (BPI) complexes on graphite combine the favorable coordination chemistry of the BPI framework with the excellent electrical conductivity and surface properties of graphite. Their tunable ligand environment allows for precise control over the metal's electronic structure, enhancing proton reduction kinetics. Furthermore, strong π–π interactions between the pyrene substituents and the graphitic surface promote robust adhesion and an extended active interface, making these materials attractive candidates for durable, high-performance electrocatalysts. In this work, we report the synthesis and full characterization of a novel pyrene-substituted BPI ligand and its corresponding cobalt complex. These BPI derivatives were electrodeposited onto a graphite substrate by cyclic voltammetry, and the resulting modified electrodes were evaluated for their hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. Morphological, structural, and spectroscopic analyses, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), provided detailed insight into the surface structure and composition of the electrodeposited films. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) highlighted the effective charge–transfer properties and double-layer capacitance of the cobalt BPI coatings. A comparative analysis of the electrochemical data with the structural findings confirmed that the electrodeposited cobalt BPI complexes form uniform, conductive layers on graphite, exhibiting promising catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.70581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Rajesh Kumar, K. Sundararaju, Suvetha Poyyamani Sunddararaj, L. Anbarasu
{"title":"Hybrid Operational Strategy for Power Quality Enhancement in Photovoltaic System With H-Bridge Multilevel Cascaded Inverter","authors":"B. Rajesh Kumar, K. Sundararaju, Suvetha Poyyamani Sunddararaj, L. Anbarasu","doi":"10.1002/ente.70603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70603","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research proposes a hybrid control approach to enhance power quality in a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system under nonlinear load conditions. Conventional power quality improvement techniques often exhibit slow convergence and may become trapped in local optima. To address these limitations, a hybrid vision transformer (HViT) combined with a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network is employed alongside a Clan Co-operative based Bluefin Trevally Optimizer (CCBTO). The HViT extracts deep features from nonlinear load harmonic currents, while the BiLSTM captures sequential dependencies in power regulation for improved control accuracy. The CCBTO is applied to optimize system performance, ensuring maximum power output, reduced switching complexity in the inverter, and improved operational efficiency. The proposed framework enhances maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under varying solar irradiance conditions, mitigates harmonic distortions, and improves power factor through dynamic reactive power compensation. MATLAB simulation results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model significantly improves MPPT efficiency, reduces total harmonic distortion, and enhances overall power factor compared to conventional methods. The results confirm that the integrated HViT–BiLSTM–CCBTO approach provides a robust and adaptive solution for maintaining high-quality power transfer and stable grid integration in photovoltaic energy systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuting Cheng, Gang Liu, Jiawei Bian, Jiawei Chen, Weihao Sun, Bo Liu
{"title":"A Graph Attention Network Framework With Hybrid Node Representations for Lithium-Ion Battery State of Health Prediction","authors":"Yuting Cheng, Gang Liu, Jiawei Bian, Jiawei Chen, Weihao Sun, Bo Liu","doi":"10.1002/ente.70610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70610","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate prediction of the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of energy storage systems. This study proposes a multilevel SOH prediction framework named GAT-HNR. The framework integrates physically interpretable health feature (HF) extraction, an improved stacking ensemble, and graph attention-based fusion with hybrid node representations. Five categories of HFs are extracted from battery cycling data, and a sliding-window smoothing technique is applied to reduce short-term fluctuations and measurement noise. In the first layer, multiple regression models are trained using these features, and the top five performing models are selected as base learners to provide robust and complementary predictions. During the fusion stage, each GAT node concatenates a base learner's prediction with the five HFs to form a hybrid node representation, allowing the network to jointly capture both intermodel complementarity and complex feature interactions. Results on the NASA battery- aging dataset show that, compared with a node configuration without hybrid node representations, GAT-HNR lowers the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) by 58.6% and 60.0%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Next-GenerationBattery Thermal Management: The Material Revolution, Intelligent Control, and Sustainable Development","authors":"Dingle Zou, Xuelai Zhang, Jun Ji","doi":"10.1002/ente.70580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70580","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lithium-ion battery thermal management systems (BTMS) are critical for safety, longevity, and performance, yet existing reviews typically treat material innovations, control algorithms, and sustainability as separate topics. This article presents a systematic review that integrates these three dimensions and critically examines the inherent contradictions within each. Analyzing literature from 2010 to 2024, we identify two key trade-offs: (i) between thermal conductivity and latent heat in phase change materials (PCMs) and (ii) between “black-box” speed and physical interpretability in artificial intelligence (AI)-driven control. We show that while high-thermal-conductivity composites and AI-based predictive models can accelerate thermal runaway prediction by orders of magnitude, practical deployment remains limited by unresolved material incompatibilities, the lack of standardized multiphysics modeling protocols, and insufficient experimental validation of virtual data. Unlike prior reviews that focus on single technologies, this work provides an integrated, critical roadmap that bridges material science, control theory, and environmental sustainability. Future directions emphasize balancing property trade-offs (e.g., gradient conductivity designs, multifunctional polymer skeletons), validating AI models with physical benchmarks, and designing recyclable, bio-based BTMS materials to meet carbon neutrality goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syifa Sahira, Viona Maria Djojo, Muhammad Kahlil Gibran, Rodik Wahyu Indrawan, Muhammad Syahril Mubarok, Prisma Megantoro, Ahmad Taufiq, Tahta Amrillah
{"title":"Rational Design in Developing a Low-Cost and Eco-Friendly Transparent CZTS Solar Cell Device for a Building-Integrated Photovoltaic System","authors":"Syifa Sahira, Viona Maria Djojo, Muhammad Kahlil Gibran, Rodik Wahyu Indrawan, Muhammad Syahril Mubarok, Prisma Megantoro, Ahmad Taufiq, Tahta Amrillah","doi":"10.1002/ente.70597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70597","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Solar cell devices are now being developed to be transparent to maximize their utilization as a renewable energy source. This includes Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> (CZTS) solar cells, which are usually found in opaque form. CZTS solar cells can be transformed into a transparent form using suitable strategies. Here, we successfully fabricate transparent CZTS solar cells on an indium tin oxide substrate. The CZTS precursor, which was previously synthesized via a simple solvothermal method, is diluted using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) prior to the deposition process using the spin coating method. The concentration of CZTS in the dilute ink solution is the key to obtaining the transparent properties of the CZTS layer, which also finally determines the performance of the fabricated transparent CZTS solar cell devices. We found that the transparent CZTS solar cell devices with 15% w/w concentration of CZTS in the dilute solution show better performance compared to 5% and 10% w/w composition. We also found that the solar cell devices using the so-called superstrate configuration are better compared to using the usual configuration. With further developments, our research opens the path to realizing a transparent CZTS solar cell device, which can be implemented in a building-integrated photovoltaic system.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Sajid, Ahmad Farhan, Muhammad Azam Qamar, Khuram Ali
{"title":"Defect Passivation and Stability Enhancement in Perovskite Solar Cells for Tandem Devices Using 2D Materials: A Review","authors":"Muhammad Sajid, Ahmad Farhan, Muhammad Azam Qamar, Khuram Ali","doi":"10.1002/ente.70559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70559","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have revolutionized photovoltaics thanks to their tunable bandgaps and high power-conversion efficiencies. Wide-bandgap PSCs (WBG PSCs) are key candidates for high-efficiency tandem photovoltaics, offering tunable bandgaps and the potential to surpass the Shockley–Queisser limit. However, practical deployment is hindered by defect-mediated nonradiative recombination, phase instability, halide migration, and environmental degradation. This review systematically examines the integration of two-dimensional (2D) materials to address these challenges, emphasizing defect passivation, charge-carrier management, and interfacial engineering. Advances in inverted PSC architectures, including crystallization dynamics, passivation strategies, and interlayer design for selective charge transfer, are analyzed. Scalable fabrication methods such as vacuum deposition, one- and two-step solution routes, and epitaxial growth are evaluated for their impact on device performance, reproducibility, and upscaling. Applications of 2D-enhanced PSCs are surveyed, covering artificial indoor lighting, economic and environmental considerations, and integration into tandem solar cells with narrow- and wide-bandgap components. Particular attention is given to front cells for WBG perovskites, interfacial engineering in all-inorganic systems, and strategies to suppress deep-level traps and ion migration. Finally, future research directions are discussed, highlighting the design of stable 2D/interface layers to achieve durable, high-performance WBG inverted PSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential of Bifunctional SnS to Substitute Spiro for High-Efficiency Full-Inorganic Sb2(S,Se)3 Solar Cells With n-i-p Configuration","authors":"Peng Li, Fang Xue, Boyang Fu, Donglou Ren","doi":"10.1002/ente.70615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70615","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sb<sub>2</sub>(S,Se)<sub>3</sub> exhibits a huge potential in the field of thin-film photovoltaics, attributed to superior photo-electronic features. However, the long-term stability of highly efficient devices is strongly dependent on the organic Spiro functional layer. Herein, the use of inorganic SnS as an alternative hole transport layer (HTL) to Spiro in devices is initially assessed for comparison via the SCAPS-1D software. This work indicated the attractive function of SnS HTL in improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) by generating a higher electric field at the back interface, suppressing non-radiative recombination. Most importantly, the (111)-SnS was likely formed onto (221)-Sb<sub>2</sub>(S,Se)<sub>3</sub>, attributed to a small lattice mismatch (−1.15%), which facilitates carrier separation and transport. Additionally, the SnS could also enhance light-harvesting ability, playing an extra absorber. Compared with the Sb<sub>2</sub>(S,Se)<sub>3</sub>/Spiro interface, the recombination at Sb<sub>2</sub>(S,Se)<sub>3</sub>/SnS interface was significantly suppressed with a benign band alignment. Ultimately, a PCE of 23.42% was predicted, in which the thicknesses are 500 and 300 nm, defect densities are 1 × 10<sup>14</sup> and 1 × 10<sup>11</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>, and doping concentrations are 1 × 10<sup>13</sup> and 1 × 10<sup>19</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> for Sb<sub>2</sub>(S,Se)<sub>3</sub> and SnS, respectively. This work will be useful for regulating carrier recombination and developing bifunctional HTL for highly efficient full-inorganic Sb<sub>2</sub>(S,Se)<sub>3</sub> solar cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bowen Chang, Yuan Xiao, Xin Wei, Qunjie Xu, Qiaoxia Li
{"title":"Multifunctional Polymer Binders for High-Capacity Silicon Anodes: Modification Strategies, Interface Chemistry, and Structural Design","authors":"Bowen Chang, Yuan Xiao, Xin Wei, Qunjie Xu, Qiaoxia Li","doi":"10.1002/ente.70598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70598","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Silicon (Si) is considered one of the most promising anode materials due to its high theoretical specific capacity (4200 mah g<sup>−1</sup>), abundant availability (second most abundant element in the Earth's crust), low operating potential (<0.4 V vs. Li/Li<sup>+</sup>), and environmental sustainability. Typically, Si anode undergoes a severe volume change (400%) during battery cycling, which leads to crushing of the active material, infinite growth of the solid electrolyte interface film (SEI), contact failure between the active material and the collector, and low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE). Therefore, the binder used for silicon anodes must maintain intimate contact between the components of the electrode to maintain the electron-ion transport channels within the electrode. This study reviews recent applications of polymer binders in silicon anodes, focusing on the design of the binder network structure, the interfacial chemistry of functional groups, and the synthesis strategies for multifunctional polymer binders. Additionally, the development of new multifunctional binders, including conductive and self-healing binders, is extensively discussed. We hope that this summary of multifunctional binders will guide the design of innovative binders.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}