{"title":"Development of Eco-Friendly Chitosan-Dextran Polyblend Electrolyte for Enhanced Performance in Primary Magnesium Batteries","authors":"Pradeep Nayak, Ismayil","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202400866","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The potential of next-generation batteries lies in solid biodegradable polymer electrolytes. This research delves into a solid blend polymer electrolyte (SBPE) for magnesium conduction, utilizing a chitosan-dextran blend matrix doped with magnesium perchlorate (Mg(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) salt. The electrolyte films are prepared using a conventional solution casting technique. Through techniques like X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the successful incorporation of Mg(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> into the blend matrix is confirmed. Notably, the SBPE containing 30 wt% of Mg(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> demonstrates the highest ionic conductivity of 6.99 × 10<sup>−4</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> and a prominent ionic transference number of 0.84. Thermogravimetric analysis is carried out to study thermal stability. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the electrolyte systems gives insight into their thermal properties. Additionally, it showcases favorable electrochemical stability of 2.66 V. The oxidation and reduction peaks are observed in the cyclic voltammetry curve of the highest conducting sample. Furthermore, the discharge performance of Mg/(CS + DN + Mg(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>)/cathode cells is explored with varied cathode materials, illustrating the SBPE's potential for magnesium-ion batteries. This study unveils a sustainable, biodegradable, and economical electrolyte solution for advanced energy storage systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.202400866","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ionic Liquid-Supported Single-Sodium-Ion-Conducting Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer for Energy Storage Devices","authors":"Rajshree Rai, Rudramani Tiwari, Dipendra Kumar Verma, Devendra Kumar, Shashikant Yadav, Km Parwati, Subramanian Krishnamoorthi","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400801","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ente.202400801","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wide-ranging research has been done on ionic liquid (IL)-incorporated conducting polymers in energy storage devices. Herein, by taking the reaction advantage of styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer with sodium hydroxide, a sodium ion having polymeric material as an electrolyte is synthesized. 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-enium acetate (DBU acetate) is prepared as an IL and added to the prepared polymer electrolyte to increase the matrix flexibility, semisolid nature, and ionic mobility inside the matrix. This semisolid sodium ion-based electrolyte shows conductivity in the order of 10<sup>−5 </sup>S cm<sup>−1</sup> and an electrochemical stability window of 2.52 volts with >97% of ionic transference. It also shows the diffusivity constant in the order of 10<sup>−4</sup> m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and ionic mobility in the order of 10<sup>−3</sup> m<sup>2</sup> v<sup>−1 </sup>s<sup>−1</sup> at 30 °C. The hydrogel matrix shows a correlated type of hopping with a power exponent <1 at 30 °C with low-energy requirement of ionic transport, that is, 0.709 eV. A high amount of capacitance is associated with electrolyte that has an insignificant electrode contribution. On behalf of these findings, SMA-IL-based semisolid polymer electrolyte confirms its potential for application in sodium ion-based energy storage systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanfang Ma, Shouyan Huang, Xin Liu, Kanshe Li, Xiuzhen Ma, Zhihong Zhang, Shenting Li, Jianming Xie, Yongsheng Du, Zhenhai Fu
{"title":"Separation Study of Magnesium–Lithium from Low‐Mg/Li Brine","authors":"Yanfang Ma, Shouyan Huang, Xin Liu, Kanshe Li, Xiuzhen Ma, Zhihong Zhang, Shenting Li, Jianming Xie, Yongsheng Du, Zhenhai Fu","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202400398","url":null,"abstract":"The lithium present in salt lakes constitutes a significant and valuable resource. There are various methods for extracting lithium from salt lake brine, but currently, they all face challenges such as high energy consumption and low utilization efficiency of lithium resources. One prominent issue is the composition of feedstock during lithium extraction, specifically determining the optimal concentration ratio (nMg/nLi value). This constitutes a critical aspect in the later stages of the extraction process, influencing the cost and efficiency of lithium extraction processes. The fundamental reason for this prominent issue is the effective control of the evaporation and concentration process of lithium‐containing brines, which is caused by the disconnection between the evaporation process and the subsequent processing and extraction stages. Therefore, considering the concentration variation patterns of Li<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> and Mg<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> in brine during the evaporation process, paper employs a combination of experimental research and computational simulation. It investigates the variation of Li‐Mg concentrations and their interactions during the natural evaporation enrichment process. The research investigates changes in lithium and magnesium concentrations and their interactions during natural evaporation enrichment process of salt lake. Elucidates the mechanism of lithium migration and proposes a new lithium extraction process ‐ the ‘3 Steps 2 Units’.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Investigation for Enhancement of Solar Still Performance for Wastewater Treatment with the Influence of Encapsulated Phase Change Material","authors":"Mriduta Sharma, Vineet Veer Tyagi, Kapil Chopra, Richa Kothari","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202400325","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to investigate the single‐slope solar still for treating industrial wastewater using stearic acid as a phase change material. The phase change material is macroencapsulated in aluminum bottles. The experiment is run at 50% wastewater depth with 9 kg (scenario 1), 12 kg (scenario 2), and 15 kg (scenario 3) mass of stearic acid and without stearic acid (scenario 4). The total output productivity of 2247, 1600, and 1359 mL m<jats:sup>−2 </jats:sup>d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> is achieved in scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively, out of which evening time productivity is 24.47%, 22.18%, and 28.39% increasing the operational time by 5 h. The system is well efficient in reducing total dissolved solids and total kjeldahl nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand with an efficiency of 90.45%, 98.57%, and 97.89%, respectively. A notable increase of 78.92%, 36.63%, and 32.67% in thermal efficiency is attained using 9, 12, and 15 kg mass of stearic acid respectively compared to traditional solar still. Comparing scenarios based on thermal efficiency, it can be concluded that thermal efficiency and mass of phase change material are inversely related and lower masses show better performance efficiency.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Graphite–Si@TiO2 Core–Shell Nanoparticles as Composite Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries: Postcycling Analysis","authors":"Bhavya Nidhi Vats, Raghvendra Gupta, Amit Gupta, Shahab Fatima, Deepak Kumar","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202400874","url":null,"abstract":"The present work deals with the postcycling analysis of the graphite‐based composite anodes, graphite reinforced with bare silicon nanoparticles (GrSi), and Si@TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> core–shell nanoparticles (GrCS), for lithium‐ion batteries. The electrochemical behavior is recorded through galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The postcyclic analysis is done using material and structural characterization. The GrSi anode demonstrates a higher initial specific capacity but lower cyclic stability relative to the GrCS anode. The capacity retention for the GrSi anode is ≈57%, while for the GrCS anode it is ≈75%. After cycling, the EIS analysis indicates that GrSi anode exhibits higher resistance than GrCS anodes. The cross‐sectional appearance of cycled anodes reveals minimal changes in the surface morphology of the GrCS anode, with a ≈75% thickness increase for the GrSi anode and ≈35% for the GrCS anode. The changed electrochemical behavior is attributed to the change in the composition of the solid–electrolyte interphase layer, as confirmed by X‐ray photo spectroscopy, and minor loss in crystallinity of GrCS anode material, as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. The study provides insights into the mechanisms governing material degradation during the electrochemical processes in the composite anodes.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zen Ian Ng, Yien Leng Leong, Hong Ngee Lim, Woon Gie Chong, Nay Ming Huang
{"title":"Optimizing Graphene Anode Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Investigating the Effects of Diverse Thermal Conditions","authors":"Zen Ian Ng, Yien Leng Leong, Hong Ngee Lim, Woon Gie Chong, Nay Ming Huang","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400512","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ente.202400512","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herein, the graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) anode is prepared using a facile, chemical-free, and scalable approach that combines probe sonication and microwave treatment in an argon condition. The resulting GNPs exhibit a significant number of structural defects (<i>I</i><sub>D</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>G</sub>: 0.262), which provide abundant active sites to store lithium ions and offer sufficient pathways for the quick transfer of lithium ions and electrons. In lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the GNPs anode exhibits an outstanding electrochemical performance, achieving a high reversible 414 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> capacity at the high current density of 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> after 350 cycles. The anode maintains desirable capacities of 167 and 150 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> even at elevated current densities of 4 and 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Importantly, it exhibits remarkable cycling performance with more than 100% of the initial reversible capacity retention after 350 cycles. The outcomes show noticeably enhanced performance characteristics, suggesting the potential for developing microwave-treated graphene anode for long-lasting and high-performance LIBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and Evaluation of Poly (Trifluoroethyl Methacrylate) Binders as a Polyvinylidene Fluoride Alternative for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Xunyuan Jiang, Tongtao Li, Angang Dong, Dong Yang","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400511","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ente.202400511","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The binder, a critical electrode component, significantly influences lithium-ion batteries (LIB) performance, yet remains an under-researched area. The widespread use of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a commercial binder is challenged by its surging cost, attributed to limited production and increased demand, highlighting the necessity for alternatives. Here, we synthesize poly (trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFEMA), a polymer with a molecular weight in the million range, through a straightforward radical solution polymerization method, aiming to use it as a cathode binder for LIBs. PTFEMA demonstrate good stability across the typical operating temperatures and voltages, along with robust adhesion to the current collector. Moreover, the PTFEMA outperforms PVDF in terms of electrolyte affinity and lithium-ion conductivity, thereby achieving capacity and stability comparable to those of its PVDF counterparts. This investigation confirms the homopolymer form of PTFEMA as a compelling alternative to PVDF, representing a valuable exploration of binder technology for LIBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasir Ali Bhutto, Adarsh Kumar Pandey, Rahman Saidur, Anas Islam, Kalidasan Balasubramanian, Dharam Buddhi, Vineet Veer Tyagi
{"title":"Examining the Thermophysical Impact of Low Concentrated Nanoparticles Hexagonal Boron Nitride Embedded in Phase Change Material for Photo to Thermal Energy Conversion","authors":"Yasir Ali Bhutto, Adarsh Kumar Pandey, Rahman Saidur, Anas Islam, Kalidasan Balasubramanian, Dharam Buddhi, Vineet Veer Tyagi","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202400336","url":null,"abstract":"Phase change materials (PCMs) have garnered substantial interest for their use in thermal energy storage. However, restricted thermal conductivity of PCMs hinders their effectiveness in application. The objective of this work is to integrate hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) in low concentration with RT38 PCM for thermophysical characterization and photo to thermal energy conversion. The composites are prepared by adding 0.03–0.07 weight percent (wt%) nanoparticles with RT38 PCM through two‐step technique. As per the results, prepared samples remain chemically and thermally stable. Besides, addition of 0.05 wt% of h‐BN nanoparticles with PCM (RT38‐0.05) enhances thermal conductivity to 43%. Additionally, latent heat of melting remains at 137 Jg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> for 0.05 wt% nanoparticle integrated nanocomposite in comparison to base 140 Jg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> with slight variation in its melting temperatures. Further, PCM and nanocomposites exhibit zero weight degradation on thermal‐stability analysis up to 160 °C. The research examines thermal energy storage behaviour of base PCM and RT38‐0.05 nanocomposite by applying 800 Wm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> irradiations. The analysis shows that RT38‐0.05 nanocomposite reaches 49 °C in 9 min, whereas base PCM achieves 43 °C. Thus, the integration of h‐BN nanoparticles in PCM results in improved thermophysical properties and greater conversion of photo to thermal energy.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Gu, Jian Zhuang, Jianqun Lin, Wei Zeng, Su Zhou
{"title":"Modeling and Control of Multi-Stack Fuel Cell Air System based on Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Method","authors":"Xin Gu, Jian Zhuang, Jianqun Lin, Wei Zeng, Su Zhou","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400836","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ente.202400836","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000Hydrogen is crucial for achieving SDGs by driving energy transition and combating climate change. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology, leveraging hydrogen, faces challenges in meeting high-power demands. The multistack fuel cell system (MFCS) tackles this by integrating multiple substacks, yet its air supply needs meticulous control. Proportional integral derivative (PID) decoupling from single-stack falls short of MFCS. This article proposes nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) for optimized air flow and pressure decoupling. Modeling MFCS's air system and designing a predictive model, it is aimed to ensuring precise control of air flow and pressure in each substack. The decoupling experiments show that NMPC outperforms PID, accurately managing air flow and pressure and reducing load fluctuations. For air mass flow, NMPC cuts mean-absolute error (MAE) by 64.56% and root-mean-square error (RMSE) by 81.36%. For pressure, MAE drops 81.23% and RMSE 83.59%. Comprehensive step load tests confirm NMPC's precise, dynamic regulation too, compared to PID, NMPC lowers average MAE for air mass by 20.67%, pressure by 32.22%. RMSE improvements of 31.08% and 33.23% highlight NMPC's strength. NMPC's quick response mitigates coupling issues, enhancing vehicle load adaptability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pardhasaradhi Nandigana, Anagha G., Subhendu K. Panda
{"title":"Co-Solvent Assisted Optimization of the CuSCN Hole Transport Layer for Enhancing the Efficiency of Ambient Processable Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Counter Electrodes","authors":"Pardhasaradhi Nandigana, Anagha G., Subhendu K. Panda","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400835","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ente.202400835","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000In recent perovskite solar cell (PSC) research, copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) is an emerging inorganic hole transport layer (HTL) due to its suitable band gap, matched band edge positions with the perovskite and high stability under ambient conditions. However, being a coordination polymer typically requires sulfide-based solvents that strongly interact with Cu(I) for dissolution. Dipropyl sulfide (DPS) is generally used where it is very sparingly soluble of about 10–12 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>, which leads to low surface coverage with pin-holes on the surface responsible for the generation of defects at the perovskite–HTL interface. In this study, addition of the optimized amount 100 μL of co-solvent Acetonitrile (ACN) increased the CuSCN dissolution from 10 to 35 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>. ACN can act as a Lewis-base making it capable of donating electrons to a Lewis-acid like Cu<sup>+</sup> from CuSCN. ACN is a polar aprotic solvent due to its highly polar C<span></span>N bond and by adding CuSCN the dipole–dipole interactions can stabilize the CuSCN molecules in solution. The device with architecture (FTO/c-TiO<sub>2</sub>/mp-TiO<sub>2</sub>/MAPbI<sub>3</sub>/CuSCN/carbon) showed the higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈11% with <i>V</i><sub>oc</sub> of 1.01 V and <i>I</i><sub>sc</sub> 24.65 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> showing excellent stability stored under ambient atmosphere which retains 80% of its initial efficiency after 10 days.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}