Xiaolai Luo, Shuyang Luo, Lisha Zhou, Kai Dai, Luhua Lu
{"title":"Constructing Silicon Nanosheet/Graphite Nanosheet Composite from Retired Photovoltaic Silicon as Lithium-Ion Battery Anode","authors":"Xiaolai Luo, Shuyang Luo, Lisha Zhou, Kai Dai, Luhua Lu","doi":"10.1002/ente.202402381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202402381","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The huge materials and energy consumption flows in modern society bring enormous pressure to environment and resource. Compared with production of silicon powder from natural resources via the long chain of chemical engineering approaches with high energy consumption and giant pollutants emission, direct use of large amount of silicon waste from retired photovoltaic devices is low cost, resources/energy saving property, and environmental protection value. Herein, silicon waste is sand ground into nanosheets and composited with graphite nanosheets followed by carbon wrapping to obtain final composite anode materials. The silicon nanosheet/graphite nanosheet stacked structure within the composite, which delivers electrons perpendicular to planar interfaces in short distance and depresses internal stress accumulation via the separation of silicon nanosheet by graphite nanosheet, along with further separation of silicon nanophase by amorphous phase SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> within silicon nanosheet, provides good stability of bulk anode during the cyclic charge/discharge process.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of Quasi-spherical LiNi0.86Mn0.1Co0.04O2 Cathode Particles via Hydroxide Coprecipitation: Influence of pH on Precursor Particle Size in Enhancing Capacity and Stability of Ni-Rich Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Deepak Kumar, Evan Kurian, Kannadka Ramesha","doi":"10.1002/ente.202402418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202402418","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000Ni-rich Li[Ni<sub>0.86</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>Co<sub>0.04</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> cathode with low cobalt content is synthesized using the hydroxide coprecipitation method at distinct pH levels and primary particles of different sizes are obtained. The pH during synthesis significantly influences the nanostructure of the Ni<sub>0.86</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>Co<sub>0.04</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub> precursors. Consequently, it affects the evolution of primary particle size and the cation ordering in the layered structure, characterized by the <i>I</i><sub>(003)</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>(104)</sub> intensity ratio in the final lithiated Li[Ni<sub>0.86</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>Co<sub>0.04</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> cathode. The electrochemical performance reveals that the cathode with the largest primary particles synthesized at pH 11.25 (LNMC-25) exhibits superior electrochemical properties compared to those synthesized at pH 11.0 and 11.5. The LNMC-25 cathode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 205.8 mAh g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> at 67 mA g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>, with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 96.3% and a capacity retention of 75.3% after 150 cycles, demonstrating superior performance compared to cathodes prepared at other pH levels, along with minimal voltage hysteresis. This study emphasizes the critical role of pH optimization in the synthesis of Ni-rich cathodes, demonstrating that pH control regulates hydroxide precursor growth and primary particle size via the (001) facet. This influences the particle morphology and cation ordering in the final cathode, enhancing electrochemical performance by mitigating surface-side reactions and minimizing voltage hysteresis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ba-Modified Bi–Na–Sr Titanate: Exploring Structural, Dielectric, and Electrocaloric Properties for Cooling Applications","authors":"Ranjeet Sukachari Ughade, Anshu Gaur, Preeti, Jyotiranjan Rout, Kanhaiya Lal Yadav, Mahamad Ahamad Mohiddon","doi":"10.1002/ente.202402094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202402094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000The present work reports the structural, dielectric, and electrocaloric properties of Ba-doped (Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)<sub>0.8</sub>Sr<sub>0.2</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (BNST) synthesized by the solid-state reaction route. Rietveld refined X-ray diffraction data is used to analyze the influence of Ba doping on the lattice parameters, crystallite size, and lattice strain of BNST. The dielectric characteristics of the Ba-doped BNST samples are analyzed in terms of complex permittivity, AC conductivity, and complex impedance. The dynamic properties of dipoles and the conduction charges are investigated from the frequency-dependent (100 Hz–1 MHz) dielectric response. Electrocaloric properties are assessed by the indirect method using the Maxwell equation. Polarization of pure and Ba-substituted BNST varies in a complex manner as a function of temperature leading to positive and negative electrocaloric effects in different temperature ranges within room temperature-160 °C, beneficial for exploiting the increasing and decreasing, both, cycles of the applied electric field for producing cooling effect. The dipolar entropy is consistent with the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prashant S. Misal, Ujjwala P. Chothe, Suyog A. Raut, Reshma S. Ballal, Ramchandra S. Kalubarme, Milind V. Kulkarni, Sharmila R. Chaudhari, Bharat B. Kale
{"title":"Biomass-Derived Mesoporous Carbon from Royal Poinciana Flowers: A Unique Approach for Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage","authors":"Prashant S. Misal, Ujjwala P. Chothe, Suyog A. Raut, Reshma S. Ballal, Ramchandra S. Kalubarme, Milind V. Kulkarni, Sharmila R. Chaudhari, Bharat B. Kale","doi":"10.1002/ente.202402056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202402056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents the design and development of in situ nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon with oxygen-containing functional groups, which synthesizes from royal poinciana (RP) flowers using a green and sustainable approach. The naturally occurring nitrogen in biomass serves as a heteroatom dopant, imparting redox activity to the carbon material. Comprehensive characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, field emission transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confirm the microstructural and chemical features of the synthesized carbon. Unlike conventional biomass-derived carbons that primarily exhibit electrical double-layer capacitance, however, more significantly, the RP-derived carbon demonstrates pseudocapacitive behavior and facilitates charge storage through fast and reversible Faradaic redox reactions. A high specific capacitance of 834 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> was achieved, along with excellent cycling stability (80% retention after 10 000 cycles). The device also exhibited superior rate capability and delivered an energy density of 18.83 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and a power density of 1000 W kg<sup>−1</sup>, maintaining 90% stability after 5000 cycles at 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>. The enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of oxygen and nitrogen functional groups, turbostratic structure, and mesoporosity, which improve electrical conductivity, ion adsorption, and surface redox reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fadi Alsouda, Nick S. Bennett, Suvash C. Saha, Mohammad S. Islam
{"title":"Exploring Low-Global Warming Potential Refrigerants for Medium-Charge Systems","authors":"Fadi Alsouda, Nick S. Bennett, Suvash C. Saha, Mohammad S. Islam","doi":"10.1002/ente.202402333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202402333","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000The rising global warming potential (GWP) of refrigerants, particularly R-410A and R-134a, has driven the urgent need for environmentally friendly alternatives in cooling and heating systems. While low-GWP refrigerants are increasingly available for large and small refrigerant charge systems, a significant gap remains in identifying viable replacements for medium-charge applications, particularly in high and moderate climate conditions. This study addresses this critical gap by evaluating 15 lower GWP refrigerant options, including hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), hydrochlorofluoroolefins (HCFOs), and hydrocarbons (HCs). The analysis focuses on their direct and indirect environmental impacts, ease of design integration, operational parameters such as capacity and efficiency, and economic feasibility. A novel aspect of this work is including internal heat exchanger performance as a function of refrigerant properties, offering unique insights into how system design can influence cycle efficiency. Key findings reveal that while several refrigerants can effectively replace R-410A in chiller applications, variable refrigerant flow systems present greater challenges due to performance and safety considerations. R-447A exhibits superior performance in standard ambient conditions among the studied refrigerants, whereas R-454B is better suited for high ambient environments. Additionally, refrigerants such as R-1233zde, R-1234yf, R-1234zee, R-1234zez, R-1243zf, and R-1336mzz(Z) demonstrate significantly lower total environmental weighted impact compared to R-410A, emphasizing their potential for reducing environmental harm. This study advances the current understanding of medium-charge refrigerant applications, providing actionable insights for researchers, policymakers, and manufacturers navigating the transition away from high-GWP HFCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.202402333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon Otte, Julia Maelger, Sebastian Schabel, Hermann Nirschl, Jürgen Fleischer
{"title":"Systematic Investigation of the Residence Time Distribution in a Twin-Screw Extruder for the Continuous Mixing Process of Electrode Slurry in the Battery Cell Production","authors":"Simon Otte, Julia Maelger, Sebastian Schabel, Hermann Nirschl, Jürgen Fleischer","doi":"10.1002/ente.202402196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202402196","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to high scrap rates and manufacturing costs, battery cell production requires continuous process optimization. The potential for material efficiency is particularly high in electrode production, specifically in the mixing process. Challenges in the continuous mixing process are related to automation and traceability of material. As one of the most relevant parameters, the residence time of particles must be known, otherwise it is not possible to make a statement about the traceability of the slurry ingredients. Without knowledge of the residence time distribution (RTD), autonomous process control or traceability of battery cells and their components is not possible. The influence of process and material parameters on the RTD of the continuous mixing process in battery cell production is being systematically investigated. Based on a design of experiment, the mean residence time and the RTD are determined for a graphite-based anode slurry by manipulating the conductivity by adding a tracer. Special attention is given to the properties of the tracer as well as the tracer behavior within the mixing process. The influence of different parameters is analyzed based on the conductivity changes. It is shown that the parameters mass flow and solid content have the greatest influence on the RTD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.202402196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Srivastan Iyer, Satyajit M. Deshmukh, Ravi W. Tapre
{"title":"Enhancing Impeller Design Parameters for Optimal Pump Efficiency and Performance in Supercritical Thermal Power Projects","authors":"Srivastan Iyer, Satyajit M. Deshmukh, Ravi W. Tapre","doi":"10.1002/ente.202500022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202500022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000This study focuses on optimizing and sizing the impeller in centrifugal pumps to enhance efficiency in supercritical thermal power projects. The impeller is a key component that transfers energy from the pump motor to the fluid. The optimization process considers critical design parameters such as impeller diameter, material selection, trimming, and rotational speed. A key design consideration is the clearance between the impeller and pump casing, maintained between 0.5 and 1.5% of the impeller diameter to reduce recirculation and vibration. Both experimental testing and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are used to evaluate pump performance under various operational conditions. Results show a direct correlation between pump head and impeller diameter, with an increase in head requiring a proportional increase in impeller size. Material selection, balance, and clearance are found to significantly affect pump efficiency. Optimized design improves performance metrics, and experimental validation confirms the accuracy of CFD predictions. The research highlights that proper impeller optimization can enhance pump efficiency. Future work should explore advanced materials and impeller geometries for improved pump performance in diverse operational scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photo-Electrodialysis for Brackish Water Desalination: A Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment from Experimental Insights","authors":"Namra Mir, Burak Yuzer, Yusuf Bicer","doi":"10.1002/ente.202402079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202402079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Enhancing the sustainability of freshwater generation through electrodialysis (ED) can be achieved by integrating this process with readily available solar energy. Photo-ED consists of adding a photoactive coating on one of the electrodes to facilitate ion transport when exposed to light. In this study, an experimental and life cycle assessment investigation has been conducted on a conventional ED and photo-ED system to desalinate brackish water. The energy requirements for photo-ED and conventional ED are found to be 4.31 and 4.57 kWh m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively. Most of the life cycle impact assessment results for photo-ED desalination are found to be lower than conventional ED at 1.47 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq m<sup>−3</sup>, 8.36 × 10<sup>−4</sup> kg PM2.5 eq m<sup>−3</sup>, 0.01 m<sup>3</sup> m<sup>−3</sup>, 5.24 × 10<sup>−6</sup> kg P m<sup>−3</sup>, 2.69 × 10<sup>−3</sup> kg SO<sub>2</sub> eq m<sup>−3</sup>, and 0.37 kg 1,4 DB eq m<sup>−3</sup> for the climate change (CC), fine particulate matter formation (FPMF), freshwater consumption (FWC), freshwater eutrophication (FWE), terrestrial acidification (TA), and terrestrial ecotoxicity (TE) impact categ, respectively. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to observe how various electricity inputs and lifetimes of the components affect the selected environmental impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.202402079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computational Prognosis and Efficiency Augmentation of Lead-Free and Legacy Piezoelectric Bimorph Cantilevers for Low-Power Energy Scavenging in IoT and Wearable Systems","authors":"Ravi Ranjan Kumar, Deepak Punetha","doi":"10.1002/ente.202402193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202402193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents a simulation analysis of bimorph cantilever energy harvesters using both lead-free and conventional piezoelectric materials, focusing on their efficiency for low-power electromechanical transduction in IoT and wearable systems. The materials examined include lead-free zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum nitride (AlN), barium titanate (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>), and lithium niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>), alongside conventional piezoelectric materials such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT5A), Pz21, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and cadmium sulfide (CdS). Advanced simulations evaluate key performance parameters such as operational resonance frequency, load resistance optimization, and W-plate configurations, assessing their influence on energy conversion efficiency. Among the lead-free materials, BaTiO<sub>3</sub> demonstrates the highest performance, achieving 0.18579 V, 1.61 μW mechanical power, and 1.44 μW electrical power at 80 Hz. In comparison, the conventional material PZT5A peaks at 71 Hz with 5.295 V, 1183.11 μW mechanical power, and 1168.21 μW electrical power. Under high acceleration (2 g), Pz21 shows superior output, delivering 9.22066 V and 3542.52 μW electrical power. BaTiO<sub>3</sub> exhibits optimal performance at a load resistance of 100 kΩ, generating 0.91977 V and 4.23 μW electrical power. These findings emphasize the critical role of material selection and design optimization in enhancing power harvesting efficiency, offering sustainable solutions for powering IoT devices and wearable electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The High Anti-CO Poisoning Anode Catalyst Based on Platinum–NbOx Interaction for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell","authors":"Dan Lu, Guang Zhu, Wei Liu, Kaixin Wang, Qixuan Wang, Chenxi Xu","doi":"10.1002/ente.202402044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202402044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Pt/C catalysts applied in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) suffer CO poisoning in the anode, which notably deteriorates the device performance. The metal–support interaction that decreases the CO oxidation stripping potential is a suitable way to prevent CO anchoring the active sites that can reduce or even avoid the poisoning. Herein, the Pt is supported by amorphous NbO<sub><i>x</i></sub> (<i>x</i> = 1.0–2.5) and CNT to form Pt@NbO<sub><i>x</i></sub> + CNT catalyst, which not only displays the lower initial and peak CO oxidation stripping potential but also exhibits the striking anti-CO poisoning and hydrogen oxidation reaction properties. The initial and peak potential for oxidation stripping of Pt@NbO<sub><i>x</i></sub> + CNT catalyst are 0.162 and 0.332 V, respectively. Moreover, the PEMFC based on Pt@NbO<sub><i>x</i></sub> + CNT catalyst in 100 ppm CO/H<sub>2</sub> exhibits a peak power density of 1.98 W cm<sup>−2</sup>, only 17% reduction compared to that in pure hydrogen and the catalyst remains 10 h stability at 0.4 V.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}