Nicholas Vinten, Ofelia Jianu, Alaa El-Sharkawy, Dipan Arora
{"title":"Transient Thermal Simulation of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Hybrid/Electric Vehicles","authors":"Nicholas Vinten, Ofelia Jianu, Alaa El-Sharkawy, Dipan Arora","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401331","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper focuses on the development of a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) full-vehicle transient thermal model in thermal modelling software to predict the battery surface temperature at various locations. The full-vehicle thermal model consists of a full exhaust piping system, a high-voltage lithium-ion battery pack system, and a battery liquid coolant system. All modes of heat transfer including conduction, forced and natural convection, radiation from the exhaust system, battery cooling, and battery internal heat generation are considered in the model. The full-vehicle model is simulated under various vehicle conditions to represent four standard customer drive cycles. The simulated battery surface temperature at specified points along the battery module surfaces is compared to experimental vehicle test-cell data to provide model validation. Using the results from the transient thermal simulations, prediction of the battery thermal degradation is performed throughout the entire vehicle lifecycle. The thermal degradation is estimated using thermal goals and equivalent exposure times.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.202401331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compression-Assisted Improvement of Electrochemical Performances of Carbon Nanotube in Symmetric Supercapacitors","authors":"Yunkuo Sun, Baohong Ding, Yonghua Jiao, Wei Sun","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401777","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The unique geometry of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) contributes to their excellent rate capability when used as electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs). However, the practical application of low-cost commercial CNTs is limited by their moderate specific capacitance due to the relatively low surface area which is around 220 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>. This limitation can be addressed by applying proper compressive stress to the CNTs, resulting in improved capacitance. The effects of compression on capacitance vary depending on the length and inner diameter of the CNTs, which have been systematically investigated. It has been found that longer and narrower CNTs exhibit more significant improvements in capacitance due to compression. Specifically, under 12 MPa, there is an ≈135% increase in specific capacitance compared to that under 1 MPa, with the optimum value of 68.2 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. An excellent rate capability of 93.5% at 40 A g<sup>−1</sup> is also obtained by compression. Furthermore, when an light emitting diode light is powered by a compressed CNT-based SC, both brightness and lasting time are dramatically enhanced compared to the case without compression. This cost-efficient strategy for improving the energy storage performance of CNTs may facilitate their practical application as electrode materials for ultrafast supercapacitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingbo Liu, Yanxia Liu, Zhenzhen Guo, Cheng Qian, Fan Liu, Fengtao Chai, Chongchong Zhao, Feng Huo
{"title":"Preparation and Lithium Storage Performance of Si/C Composites as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review","authors":"Jingbo Liu, Yanxia Liu, Zhenzhen Guo, Cheng Qian, Fan Liu, Fengtao Chai, Chongchong Zhao, Feng Huo","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401313","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000Silicon offers a theoretical specific capacity of up to 4200 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, positioning it as one of the most promising materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, during lithium insertion and deinsertion, Si undergoes significant volume expansion, leading to rapid capacity degradation, which has limited its application as an anode material in LIBs. To address this issue, coupling Si with carbon enables the combination of the high lithiation capacity of Si with the excellent mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of carbon. This synergy makes silicon/carbon composites (Si/C) ideal candidates for LIB anodes. In this review, recent advancements in Si/C composite materials for LIBs are categorized based on synthesis methods and design principles. The review also summarizes the morphological characteristics and electrochemical performance of these materials. Additionally, other factors influencing the performance of Si/C anodes are discussed, and future development prospects for Si/C anodes are briefly explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Hagemeister, Ahmed Elkhoshet, Atahan Yakici, Florian Günter, Yiping Hu, Rüdiger Daub
{"title":"Applying Numerical Simulation to Model Varying Process and Cell Parameters during the Electrolyte Filling Process of Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Jan Hagemeister, Ahmed Elkhoshet, Atahan Yakici, Florian Günter, Yiping Hu, Rüdiger Daub","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401708","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The electrolyte filling process is considered one of the bottlenecks of lithium-ion battery production due mainly to the long electrolyte wetting times. Additionally, the required experimental process design is time and material-intensive, increasing the development costs of new materials or cell designs. A model of the filling process would allow for more efficient cell production, but until now, the published models have mainly been focused on individual components on a pore scale. Within the scope of this work, the model setup for a holistic examination of the electrolyte filling process is shown, allowing the study of the electrolyte wetting on a cell scale. The characteristic values of a porous medium, such as the permeability, are calculated with a microsimulation of an anode and a cathode pore structure. These values are then transferred to the ANSYS porous media model, and cell scale simulations are performed. Two cell formats and variations in the evacuation pressure and electrolyte temperature are simulated and compared to experimental wetting data. The results show that the simulation successfully models the wetting behavior for the investigated cell formats and cell assembly types, validating the model with experimental data both qualitatively and quantitatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.202401708","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Amino-Modified Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Enhanced Lithium-Ion Dissociation and Transport in Polymer Electrolytes","authors":"Ruyi Ma, Chengwei Lv, Zhangnan Li","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401692","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Enhancing the ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes and accelerating ion transport are pivotal challenges in achieving lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and excellent electrochemical performance. In this study, amino-modified porous aromatic frameworks (AMPAF) are prepared. The amino group in AMPAF stabilizes the anion through hydrogen bonding to reduce the dissociation energy barrier of Li<sup>+</sup>, enabling Li<sup>+</sup> to be more easily dissociated from lithium salts. Additionally, the abundant pores of AMPAF promote the rapid transport of Li<sup>+</sup>. The prepared quasi-solid polymer electrolyte (AMPAF-QSPE) exhibited a high Li<sup>+</sup> conductivity of 7.62 × 10<sup>−5</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> and a Li<sup>+</sup> transference number as high as 0.55, which proves the restriction of the amino group in AMPAF on the movement of anions and the ability to dissociate lithium salts. The discharge specific capacity of Li//AMPAF-QSPE//LiFePO<sub>4</sub> reached as high as 137 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.2 °C, and the capacity retention rate was stable at 85% after 200 cycles. This article presents an effective attempt to enhance the overall performance of polymer electrolytes using amino-modified PAF, offering an innovative perspective for the development of electrochemical energy storage technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Assessment of a Linear Drive-Controlled Tilt-Roll Heliostat with Sun Tracking Algorithm for Small-Scale Solar Installation","authors":"Adithyan TR, Sreeram K. Kalpathy, Tiju Thomas","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heliostats are devices used for solar concentration that use mirrors oriented according to the position of the sun. A heliostat's main function is to redirect sunlight for use in a variety of applications, including heating, lighting, scientific research, and solar power generation. The two-axis tracking employed in the device ensures that the reflected irradiance is aimed at a predetermined target. The design and evaluation of a tilt-roll two-axis tracking heliostat are presented in this article. The model consists of a mirror 0.45 m in width and 0.45 m in length installed on a pedestal of height 0.75 m. The motion of the heliostat is controlled using two separate linear drives via a sun-tracking algorithm implemented in a microcontroller. A small-scale tilt-roll design with a reflective area (mirror) of 0.2025 m<sup>2</sup> is established. This novel design eliminates the need for commercially available solar tracking systems and can be deployed in areas of limited installation space. Dual-axis heliostat design used here provides an effective way to track the sun's movement for maximum solar energy capture by combining tilt and roll mechanisms. This design ensures tracking precision for optimal solar energy concentration making it well-suited for experimental and smaller-scale deployments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating the Potential of Multitype Energy Harvesting in New Energy Vehicles: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Analysis","authors":"Yifeng Fu, Xiaohu Gu, Pan Cao","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401856","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review presents an overview in the context of the current state of the art in energy harvesting technologies for new energy vehicles (NEVs) and delves into the significant energy losses experienced by NEVs during driving, braking, and overcoming wind resistance. Based on the different forms of energy losses, the prevalent energy harvesting technologies in the NEV domain are elucidated, with a focus on the fundamental principles of vibration energy, braking energy, wind energy harvesting, and their recent advancements in practical implementations. Vibration energy harvesting involves the conversion of mechanical energy from the suspension system into electrical energy, while brake energy harvesting captures a portion of the brake friction loss as electrical energy during braking, and wind energy harvesting utilizes wind power generators on the vehicle surface to produce electricity. By quantitatively evaluating the recovery effects of different types of systems, the report demonstrates the great potential of energy harvesting technologies to improve energy efficiency and extend the range of NEVs. Furthermore, it explores the future trajectory of energy harvesting technology, envisioning its integration as a standard feature in NEVs and heralding transformative progress in the global energy and transportation sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyeonjun Lee, Hyungjin Lee, Seung-Tae Hong, Munseok S. Chae
{"title":"Combined Displacement/Intercalation Mechanism of Ag0.33V2O5 Cathode for Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Batteries","authors":"Hyeonjun Lee, Hyungjin Lee, Seung-Tae Hong, Munseok S. Chae","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401729","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000Zinc-ion batteries are gaining recognition as viable options for energy storage systems due to their air stability, abundance, affordability, and ease of use. However, existing zinc-storage materials primarily consist of intercalation cathode materials, necessitating the development of host structures with enhanced performance. Herein, the use of silver vanadate, Ag<sub>0.33</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, as a cathode material is explored and its detailed displacement/intercalation mechanism is elucidated, encompassing silver, proton, and zinc-ion storage behaviors. Electrochemical behavior, structural analysis, and diffusion barrier calculation techniques are used to delineate cation diffusion pathways. Additionally, 3D electron density mapping is performed to visualize the cation reaction mechanism. The proposed material demonstrates an impressive reversible capacity of about 303 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at a current of 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup>, along with outstanding cycle retention stability even at high current densities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yulin Xiang, Chunyu Dai, Yefei Wang, Yongbo Zhang, Baowei Cao
{"title":"Enhanced Saccharification Efficiency of Corn Straw by Laccase-Cu2O Under Light/Dark Cycles","authors":"Yulin Xiang, Chunyu Dai, Yefei Wang, Yongbo Zhang, Baowei Cao","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401683","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To strengthen the clean utilization of biomass waste, laccase modified cuprous oxide (Cu<sub>2</sub>O) composite catalyst is synthesized. The effects of catalyst type, catalyst concentration, pH, sunlight exposure time, and lighting method on the reducing sugar yield are investigated. The composite catalyst in combination with sunlight irradiation can effectively enhance the reducing sugar yield of corn straw. The optimum conditions were pretreatment time of 55 min, catalyst concentration of 58 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, pH of 5.5, enzyme hydrolysis process using a 30 DL (namely 20 min of dark/20 min of light alternating cycle for 30 h) scheme, and enzyme loading of 25 FPU g<sup>−1</sup>. Validation experiments show that the lignin removal percentage can reach 95.63%, and the reducing sugar yield can reach 124.79 mg g<sup>−1</sup> under the optimum condition. The pretreatment and saccharification of straw executed twice are most advantageous for sugar production. Laccase-Cu<sub>2</sub>O can be reused three times.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pareto-Optimal Design of Automotive Battery Systems with Tabless Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Cells: Resolving the Trade-Off Between Energy, Performance, Weight, and Cost for Variable Vehicle Requirements","authors":"Hendrik Pegel, Lukas Jany, Dirk Uwe Sauer","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202401479","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large-format tabless cylindrical cells have been a top research subject within recent years. However, research so far has exclusively focused on isolated understanding of individual aspects such as the performance, safety, or cost. This study introduces a global optimization framework for battery systems with tabless cylindrical cells based on the groundwork laid within recent years. The framework is applied to gain comprehensive understanding of cross interactions between different design variables and the key performance indicators of the battery system. It was found that a well-defined diameter exists which optimizes the battery energy for given boundary conditions. The multiobjective trade-off between energy, performance, weight, and cost however might lead to different solutions with respect to the desired properties of the system. Small cylindrical cells with diameter less than 25 mm provide enhanced performance but lower energy and higher cost. Very large cylindrical cells with diameter more than 50 mm have less options for interconnection but provide the best cost-saving potential. With realistic constraints, only diameters larger than 40 mm achieve Pareto-optimal solutions. Aluminum housings are found to outmatch steel housings in nearly all properties, especially for larger diameters. Considering the widespread introduction of aluminum housings is recommended for automotive manufacturers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.202401479","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}