Jeeja Jacob, John Paul, Jeyraj Selvaraj, Nasrudin Abd Rahim, Adarsh Kumar Pandey, Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad, Kumaran Kadirgama
{"title":"Investigating Long‐Term Durability of Nanofillers (TiO2) Embedded Organic Eutectic Phase Change Composites","authors":"Jeeja Jacob, John Paul, Jeyraj Selvaraj, Nasrudin Abd Rahim, Adarsh Kumar Pandey, Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad, Kumaran Kadirgama","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202400335","url":null,"abstract":"Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are generally considered as a potential candidate for thermal energy storage (TES) as they possess excellent latent heat. TES system's thermal management potential is greatly hampered due to the degraded thermal conductivity of PCMs. The present study explores the long‐term durability (potential degradation) of eutectic phase change composite loaded with TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles. The synthesized nano‐enhanced eutectic phase change composite (NePCC) logged a maximal thermal conductivity of 0.6 W/mK with 0.5% nanofillers. Accelerated thermal cycling was performed on the NePCC with 0.5% TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles (M2). The long‐term reliability of the NePCC (M2) was confirmed through a comprehensive morphological and thermophysical analysis after 4000 melt‐freeze cycles. The nano‐enhanced eutectic phase change material showed excellent thermal stability up to 100 °C even after 4000 thermal cycles, indicating its long‐term application prospects. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) results of the thermally cycled sample (M2) proved the chemical stability of the NePCC. A negligible variation was found in latent heat and phase transition temperature values (for M2) after 4000 thermal cycles. Thermophysical characterization of the thermal cycled NePCC (M2) proves the thermal stability of the synthesized NePCC (M2), which is adequate for its usage in medium‐temperature TES systems.","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prasad Eknath Lokhande, Vishal Kadam, Chaitali Jagtap, Dadaso D Mohite, Rednam Udayabhaskar, Perarasu V. Thangavelu, Saif M.H. Qaid, Anil Kumar
{"title":"Comparative Performance of Aqueous and Ionic Liquid-Based Gel Electrolytes in Co(OH)2/rGO-Based Supercapacitor","authors":"Prasad Eknath Lokhande, Vishal Kadam, Chaitali Jagtap, Dadaso D Mohite, Rednam Udayabhaskar, Perarasu V. Thangavelu, Saif M.H. Qaid, Anil Kumar","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400995","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ente.202400995","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000Supercapacitors are known for their highpower density and excellent cycling stability, but their practicality is often hindered by limited energy density and a narrow potential window. Herein, the energy density can be enhanced by modifying the electrode material and the potential window can be expanded through the use of ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes. In the present study, Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (Co-G) nanocomposite electrodes was synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method while IL-based electrolyte was used as an electrolyte for supercapacitor device fabrication. Morphological analysis reveals a porous honeycomb-like nanostructure with a vertical orientation on the rGO sheet. Electrochemical analysis of the samples is conducted to assess electrode performance, with the Co-G electrode achieving a capacitance of 2156 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. This electrode exhibits lower electrochemical resistance than pure Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>. The synthesized material's practicality evaluated in an asymmetric device Co-G/C//AC/C using ionic gel and aqueous gel-based electrolytes. IL-based gel electrolyte device demonstrated superior performance, delivering an energy density of 130 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and a power density of 3860 W kg<sup>−1</sup>, maintaining 91% capacitance after 5000 charge–discharge cycles, and outperforming the KOH/PVA gel-based device, highlighting the advantages of ionic gel electrolytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuejian Wang, Hu He, Yurou Sang, Lu Han, Jialin Gu, Congshuai Cao
{"title":"Electrical Performance Measurement of Electrical Thermoelectric Generator by Simulating Space Cooling Conditions in Terrestrial Laboratory","authors":"Xuejian Wang, Hu He, Yurou Sang, Lu Han, Jialin Gu, Congshuai Cao","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400273","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ente.202400273","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Predicting the electrical performance and temperature field of radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is crucial and essential before they are used in space, a common application scenario. However, building a laboratory to recreate a space environment is expensive and time-consuming. It is also unrealistic to deploy temperature measurement probes in various components of the RTG. This article aims to establish an approach which combines finite element method (FEM) and experimental measurements in the terrestrial laboratory to solve the problem more effectively: first, using FEM to calculate the temperature distribution of RTG operating in the space; second, realizing the similar temperature distribution of self-assembly RTG prototype (electrical thermoelectric generator [ETG]) in the terrestrial laboratory by air cooling. The subsequent measurements of electrical performance indicate that the ETG exhibits a maximum power output of 43.41 W and a maximum thermoelectric conversion efficiency of 5.788% in the simulated space environment, aligning well with the values obtained from FEM. This research has the potential to serve as a method for forecasting the performance of RTG in a terrestrial laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alamgeer, Hasnain Yousuf, Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar, Jaljalalul Abedin Jony, Rafi ur Rahman, Syed Azkar-ul Hassan, Youngkuk Kim, Duy Phong Pham, Sangheon Park, Junsin Yi
{"title":"Improving the Optical Properties of SiNx:H Thin Film by Optimizing NH3:SiH4 Gas Ratio Using Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition","authors":"Alamgeer, Hasnain Yousuf, Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar, Jaljalalul Abedin Jony, Rafi ur Rahman, Syed Azkar-ul Hassan, Youngkuk Kim, Duy Phong Pham, Sangheon Park, Junsin Yi","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401037","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ente.202401037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, we enhance the optical properties of hydrogenated silicon nitride (SiN<sub><i>x</i></sub>:H) thin film by optimization of deposition conditions using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Specifically, the impact of varying NH<sub>3</sub>:SiH<sub>4</sub> gas ratios (GRs) on the optical and structural properties of the SiNx:H film has been investigated. A ratio of 1.2 results in an optimal refractive index of 2.05, a thickness of 75.60 nm, and a deposition rate of 1.01 nm s<sup>−1</sup>, achieving the highest optical transmittance of 92.63% at 350 °C. Lower ratios, such as 0.5, produce higher refractive indices up to 2.43 but with reduced transmittance and thinner films (53.67 nm at 84.43% transmittance). The bandgap of GR 1.2 at 350 °C is also calculated as 3.23 eV using Tauc's plot. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis shows significant variations in Si<span></span>H hydrogen bonding configurations at different temperatures, affecting Si<span></span>H and SiN<span></span>H bond densities. These are crucial for understanding the films’ electronic and optical behaviors, with the highest hydrogen content for Si<span></span>H noted at 3.30 × 10<sup>22</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> at 350 °C. This research provides a detailed understanding of how precise control over GRs during PECVD can fine-tune SiN<sub><i>x</i></sub> film properties, offering guidelines for producing high-quality SiN<sub><i>x</i></sub>:H layer.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Punit Sharma, Ke Yang, Lian Li, Jayant Kumar, Supravat Karak
{"title":"Phase-Pure Iron Pyrite Nanocrystals as Air-Stable Hole-Transport Materials for Low-Cost Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Punit Sharma, Ke Yang, Lian Li, Jayant Kumar, Supravat Karak","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401155","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ente.202401155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spiro-OMeTAD is a commonly used organic hole-transport material (HTM) in MAPbI<sub>3</sub>-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for achieving high efficiency. However, its hydrophilic nature compromises device stability and performance reproducibility, especially under ambient conditions. In this study, PSCs are fabricated under ambient conditions, and phase-pure iron pyrite nanocrystals (FeS<sub>2</sub> NCs) are synthesized and utilized as HTM. Using iron pyrite as the HTM leads to a 22% increase in device short-circuit current density (<i>J</i><sub>SC</sub>) compared to Spiro-OMeTAD, resulting in enhanced PSC performance. This confirms FeS<sub>2</sub> NCs as a promising HTM for PSCs. Iron pyrite improves the extraction of photogenerated charge carriers compared to Spiro-OMeTAD, indicating a superior extraction layer. Furthermore, the longer stability of the iron pyrite layer under humid conditions is compared to the Spiro-OMeTAD layer, as demonstrated by contact angle measurements. This improvement helps prevent humidity-induced degradation of the perovskite layer. Transient photocurrent studies under reverse bias conditions reveal fewer defects at the perovskite/iron pyrite interface, suggesting a defect passivation effect of FeS<sub>2</sub> NCs. This study demonstrates that iron pyrite can serve as an effective HTM to enhance the performance and stability of low-cost PSCs fabricated under ambient conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biochar as a Sustainable Alternative to Pulverized Coal: Comprehensive Analysis of Physicochemical Properties, Combustion Performance, and Environmental Impact","authors":"Yuyan Liu, Wenqiang Sun","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401048","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ente.202401048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study comprehensively evaluates the potential of biochar as a substitute for high-rank pulverized coal in various aspects including physicochemical properties, combustion performance, environmental emissions, and application costs. Biochar, characterized by its small particle size, reduced emissions, high volatility, elevated calorific value, and facile combustion, emerges as a promising alternative fuel to pulverized coal. Despite a lower ignition temperature, biochar demonstrates superior burnout efficiency and combustion kinetics, as indicated by its lower activation energy compared to pulverized coal. Moreover, considering China's substantial energy consumption, the substitution of coal with biochar could significantly reduce CO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions, making it a viable strategy for mitigating environmental pollution. In addition, the application cost of biochar is not higher than that of pulverized coal. This study underscores the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing biochar as a sustainable alternative to high-rank pulverized coal, offering valuable insights into cleaner and more efficient energy utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivy Saha Roy, Harri Taponen, Juho Välikangas, Esa Hannila, Ulla Lassi, Tapio Fabritius, Rafal Sliz
{"title":"Implementing Substrate Treatments to Enhance Adhesion and Facilitate Cyrene as an NMP Alternative for Sustainable Printed Nickel–Manganese–Cobalt-Based Battery Cathodes","authors":"Ivy Saha Roy, Harri Taponen, Juho Välikangas, Esa Hannila, Ulla Lassi, Tapio Fabritius, Rafal Sliz","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400638","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ente.202400638","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000This study proposes a greener approach for electrode preparation using cyrene, a bio-derived and fully biodegradable green solvent, as a potential N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone substitute for fabricating high-performance nickel–manganese–cobalt oxide (NMC88) lithium-ion battery cathodes by screen-printing method. This study also investigates the replacement of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder with Arkema Kynar HSV1810 homopolymer, a crucial substitution for enabling the effective utilization of cyrene, addressing the solvent inadequacy associated with PVDF dissolution. Alongside the ink formulation, the electrode preparation process is optimized by investigating current collector surface treatments using plasma, ultraviolet, and citric acid to enhance substrate wetting, leading to improved printability, adhesion, and cathode layer performance. Cyrene-based screen-printed NMC cathodes are analyzed using various characterization techniques, including microscopy, optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, adhesion tests, and electrochemical performance tests for assembled batteries. The results demonstrate that cyrene-based slurries exhibit improved wettability and adhesion on substrates/current collectors when surface treatments are applied. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of cells based on surface-treated NMC88 electrodes prepared with cyrene shows adequate cycling performance and rate capability. As a proof of concept, the study presents an alternative green and sustainable approach for electrode preparation in screen-printed Li-ion batteries using cyrene.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.202400638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Resonance-Based Study of the Output Characteristics of Spring-Assisted Triboelectric Nanogenerator","authors":"Cheng Zhang, Zhongjiang Wu, Miaoli Li, Xili Huang, Ziyun Ling","doi":"10.1002/ente.202401152","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ente.202401152","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a new type of energy conversion technology capable of transforming various forms of environmental energy into electricity. However, most of the existing spring-assisted TENGs (S-TENGs) are based on the vertical contact-separation mode, which has low energy-harvesting efficiency and insufficient research on the performance output of TENG under near-resonant frequency conditions. In this article, a low-cost S-TENG with independent layer mode is designed for vibration energy harvesting. The effects of different vibration parameters and structural parameters on the output performance are comprehensively investigated. In the experimental results, it is shown that the output voltage of the S-TENG reaches its peak at a frequency of 50 Hz, achieving ≈40 V. To validate the capability of S-TENG in powering low-power devices, 20 LED lights are successfully lit. It is found that the maximum output power across the external resistor of 8 MΩ is 0.4 mw. It is also investigated that the output characteristics of S-TENG under resonance and the results showed that higher output electric power can be achieved when the vibration frequency is close to the intrinsic frequency of the S-TENG. In this finding, the potential of S-TENG in optimized energy-harvesting applications, particularly in resonance-enhanced scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar, Hasnain Yousuf, Alamgeer, Mengmeng Chu, Rafi Ur Rahman, Jaljalalul Abedin Jony, Shahzada Qamar Hussain, Duy Phong Pham, Junsin Yi
{"title":"Systematic Modeling and Optimization for High-Efficiency Interdigitated Back-Contact Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells","authors":"Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar, Hasnain Yousuf, Alamgeer, Mengmeng Chu, Rafi Ur Rahman, Jaljalalul Abedin Jony, Shahzada Qamar Hussain, Duy Phong Pham, Junsin Yi","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202400831","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000This study utilizes Quokka3, an advanced solar cell simulation program, specifically tailored for interdigitated back-contact (IBC) crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. Through meticulous Quokka3 simulations, the influence of several geometric and wafer characteristics of the solar cell backside on current–voltage (<i>I</i>–<i>V</i>) performance has been scientifically explored for IBC c-Si solar cells. The investigation encompasses parameters such as wafer thickness, bulk lifetime, resistivity, emitter and back surface field area fraction, and front- and rear-surface passivation. Optimal values for these parameters have been proposed to enhance the efficiency of IBC solar cells. These recommendations contain an emitter percentage of 70%, a wafer thickness ranging from 200 μm, a wafer resistivity of 1 Ω cm, and a wafer bulk lifetime of at least 10 ms. Moreover, under conditions where the cell is not short-circuited, the potential for achieving higher cell efficiency, up to 26.64%, has been shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142429481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Front Deflector Effects on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines: A Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Simulation Study","authors":"Lidong Zhang, Zhixiang Yang, Shilin Tian, Wenfeng Li, Guoqi Chen","doi":"10.1002/ente.202400556","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ente.202400556","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flow control devices have garnered significant attention from domestic and international wind energy scholars. In an effort to capture more wind energy and boost the output power of wind turbines, this study incorporates flow control devices into the upstream area of the wind turbine. The study then assesses the impact of the spacing, tilt angle, and height of the flow control devices on the turbine's performance. The study demonstrates that the addition of flow control devices does lead to a notable enhancement in wind turbine power, with a maximum power output growth rate of 9.74%. The maximum growth rates for the average output power of the wind turbine due to the three factors (<i>α</i>, <i>H</i>, and <i>L</i><sub>w</sub>) are 4.20%, 3.76%, and 3.54%, respectively. The degree of influence of the three factors is as follows: <i>α</i> > <i>H</i> > <i>L</i><sub>w</sub>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}