{"title":"Characterizing the Uncertainty of Photovoltaic Power Sequences: A Novel Adaptive Dual-Modality United Perception Mechanism-Based Deep Learning Model With Error-Offset Dynamic Bandwidth Adjustment Strategy","authors":"Zhi-Feng Liu, Zeqi Li, Xiao-Jing Zhao, Wei-Qiang Kong, Xiao Du, Hong-Yun Jie, Yu Tang","doi":"10.1002/ente.70642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70642","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate characterization of photovoltaic (PV) power uncertainty is essential for improving renewable-energy integration and power-system operation. However, the strong volatility, nonstationarity, and weather dependence of PV power sequences pose substantial challenges to both point and interval forecasting. To address these issues, this study develops an integrated short-term PV power point-interval forecasting framework incorporating data preprocessing, adaptive deep learning, intelligent hyperparameter optimization, and dynamic interval estimation. First, a Daily Mean Isolation Forest (DMIF) algorithm is introduced to identify and correct abnormal data while reducing the influence of extreme outliers. Subsequently, an adaptive dual-modality united perception LSTM (ADM-LSTM) model is developed to separately capture oscillatory and stable characteristics of PV power sequences. A Coordinated Hunting-based Whale Optimization Algorithm (CHWOA) is further designed to optimize model hyperparameters, while an Error-Offset-based Dynamic Bandwidth Kernel Density Estimation (EODB-KDE) method is employed for probabilistic interval forecasting. Experiments are conducted using 5-min-resolution data from the DKASC PV system in Australia. Under sunny and rainy conditions, the ADM-LSTM achieves MAPE values of 0.6184% and 2.6515%, respectively. CHWOA demonstrates competitive convergence performance and enables the optimized ADM-LSTM to achieve an <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.9859 with MAE and RMSE of 0.77329 and 1.0836, respectively. EODB-KDE substantially reduces prediction-interval width and center deviation while maintaining empirical coverage close to the target confidence levels. Structured ablation experiments further verify the individual contributions of DMIF, the dual-modality architecture, and CHWOA, with the complete framework achieving an <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.9863, MAE of 0.5425, and RMSE of 0.9501. These results demonstrate that the proposed framework provides an effective approach for jointly improving the accuracy, robustness, and uncertainty characterization of short-term PV power forecasting.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sunlight-Assisted Hydrogen Evolution on a 3D-Printed LCNO-Derived Multiphase La–Cu–Ni–O Ceramic Electrode","authors":"Evrim Baran Aydın, Sevgi Ateş, Gökmen Sığırcık","doi":"10.1002/ente.70655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70655","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study reports the fabrication of a three-dimensional (3D) LCNO-derived multiphase La–Cu–Ni–O ceramic electrode using polylactic acid-supported fused granular fabrication followed by sintering. X-ray diffraction and reference intensity ratio (RIR)-based phase analysis showed that the electrode comprised copper nickel lanthanum oxide, lanthanum nickel oxide, lanthanum copper oxide, and metallic Ni phases rather than phase-pure La<sub>2</sub>CuNiO<sub>6</sub> double perovskite. Complementary analyses confirmed the formation of a multiphase ceramic system and retention of its interconnected porous 3D architecture after thermal processing. The hydrogen evolution reaction performance of the sintered electrode (Sin-LCNO) was evaluated under dark and sunlight conditions using linear sweep voltammetry, polarization, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Illumination produced a current-density-dependent response, with a higher overpotential at 1 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> but a lower overpotential at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. The charge–transfer resistance decreased from 870.4 Ω cm<sup>2</sup> in darkness to 728.10 Ω cm<sup>2</sup> under sunlight, indicating facilitated interfacial charge transfer. Mott–Schottky analysis indicated n-type semiconductor behavior, a flat-band potential of −1.13 V, and a donor density of 8.8 × 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>. The electrode exhibited a sustained photocurrent response over 10 000 s and achieved an applied-bias photon-to-current efficiency of 0.146% under 1-sun illumination. Overall, its performance reflects the combined contributions of the multiphase oxide matrix and metallic Ni.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cao Xueqian, Li Mingyu, Yuan Haoxiang, Zhang Xiaomin, Zhu Jin
{"title":"Sulfuric Acid-Dissolved Cellulose-Induced Toughened Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Electrolyte for Flexible Energy Storage","authors":"Cao Xueqian, Li Mingyu, Yuan Haoxiang, Zhang Xiaomin, Zhu Jin","doi":"10.1002/ente.70658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70658","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogel electrolytes are widely employed in flexible solid-state supercapacitors owing to their biodegradability, nontoxicity, and low cost. However, the further application of pure PVA hydrogel is limited by its low mechanical properties, narrow electrochemical working window, and insufficient frost resistance. In this study, a cellulose solution dissolved in sulfuric acid was directly incorporated into the PVA hydrogel, and the PVA/cellulose composite hydrogel was prepared via a freeze–thaw cycling method. The resulting composite exhibited excellent mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of up to 0.66 MPa and an elongation at break of 896%, as well as remarkable self-healing capability. After soaking in LiCl electrolyte, the obtained composite hydrogel electrolyte was used to assemble a supercapacitor, which delivered a specific capacitance of 248 mF cm<sup>−2</sup> at a current density of 2 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and remained electrochemically operational at −25 °C. Even after 180° bending, the specific capacitance retention rate of the capacitor is as high as 98.4%, and the hydrogel still has 95% specific capacitance retention after fracture self-healing. These results indicate that the PVA/cellulose composite hydrogel electrolyte has broad application prospects in flexible wearable energy storage devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Flexible Cross-Linked Naphthalene Polyimide Cathode With Superior Cycling Stability for Sodium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Alenthwar Vamshi Krishna, Dimpal Deori, Deivasigamani Umadevi, Thangavelu Palaniselvam, Sankarasekaran Shanmugaraju","doi":"10.1002/ente.70653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70653","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With rising global demand for sustainable energy technologies, there is a growing need to develop efficient, environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, we present the synthesis of a flexible, three-dimensional cross-linked polymer, <b>NDI-TREN</b>, prepared via a condensation reaction between 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN). The π-conjugated, electroactive NTCDA unit provides structural rigidity and redox-active carbonyl groups, while the flexible TREN supports the formation of a sturdy 3D polymer framework. A key aspect of this work is the use of an environmentally friendly, water-based electrode fabrication method that employs carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the binder. This green approach substantially improves the sustainability and safety of electrode preparation without sacrificing performance. The resulting <b>NDI-TREN</b> polymer features a porous structure and abundant carbonyl sites, facilitating efficient sodium-ion diffusion and highly reversible redox activity. It achieves a high specific capacity of 130 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, along with excellent cycling performance, retaining 80% of its capacity after 8300 cycles at 500 mA g<sup>−1</sup> and 65% after 5000 cycles at a higher current density (1 A g<sup>−1</sup>), with nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency throughout. These findings demonstrate that <b>NDI-TREN</b> is a promising organic cathode material for sustainable, durable sodium-ion batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatjon Maxharraj, Granit Jashari, Kristian Nikolowski, Peter Marcinkowski, Mareike Partsch, Alexander Michaelis
{"title":"Multilayer Cathodes With Graded Inactive Materials: Impact on Adhesion and Electronic Conductivity in Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes","authors":"Fatjon Maxharraj, Granit Jashari, Kristian Nikolowski, Peter Marcinkowski, Mareike Partsch, Alexander Michaelis","doi":"10.1002/ente.70651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70651","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thick electrodes with areal capacities exceeding 4 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup> remain essential for high energy density lithium-ion batteries, yet they often exhibit mechanical instability and compromised electronic/ionic transport. This study introduces multilayer cathode designs that employ functionally graded inactive materials, binder, or conductive additive, to address these issues independently. Each graded electrode consists of two layers with complementary inactive material contents of 1 and 5 wt.%, resulting in an average composition of 3 wt.%. For comparison, single-layer electrodes containing 3 wt.% carbon black (CB) or 3 wt.% binder were processed. For each electrode design, three different areal loadings (4, 7, and 10 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>) were investigated. Graded binder designs improve mechanical integrity of high‑loading electrodes (~10 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>) by shifting the failure mode from adhesive at the current collector to cohesive at the interlayer boundary. This removes adhesion as the limiting factor and increases pull‑off strength. Graded CB designs influence the electronic and ionic transport behavior. A uniform CB distribution provides the lowest electronic resistance. Overall, these results show that targeted grading of inactive components can improve the mechanical stability and electrochemical performance of thick electrodes, although the effects depend strongly on the selected grading strategy and component distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ente.70651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Durvesh Gautam, Yogendra K. Gautam, Ashwani Kumar, Yogesh Kumar, Beer Pal Singh
{"title":"Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage in Pd-Decorated MgTi Alloy Thin Films","authors":"Durvesh Gautam, Yogendra K. Gautam, Ashwani Kumar, Yogesh Kumar, Beer Pal Singh","doi":"10.1002/ente.70656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70656","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The storage of hydrogen using metal hydrides is crucial for ensuring safety and efficiency in various industrial applications, particularly in hydrogen fuel cells and petrochemical industries. This study investigated the development and electrochemical hydrogen storage (EHS) properties of sputter-deposited Pd-capped MgTi binary alloy thin films. The cosputtering technique were used to deposit MgTi alloy thin films on an indium tin oxide substrate with different Ti target deposition powers. The hydrogen storage capacities of the films were analyzed by an electrochemical technique/method and it is found that Ti is an excellent alloying element in MgTi, enhancing the hydrogenation kinetics without any adverse effects. A Pd overlayer protects the films and separates hydrogen, which means that in this study the performance enhancement depends entirely on the Ti-content within the MgTi system. It has been observed that as the Ti content of MgTi alloy thin films increases, so does their EHS capacity. Mg<sub>80</sub>Ti<sub>20</sub> alloy thin films exhibit the maximum hydrogen storage capacity of 1.48 wt.%. The film provides excellent hydrogen storage performance with high stability for several absorption/desorption cycles at room temperature. The investigated MgTi thin films demonstrate potential for EHS applications and contribute to the development of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Insights of Polysulfides Conversion by Heteroatom-Doped Biowaste-Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon in Metal-Sulfur Batteries","authors":"Ayush Chandra Pundir, Anjan Sil","doi":"10.1002/ente.70647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70647","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, a hierarchical porous carbon framework has been prepared via KOH activation of waste coffee beans. The obtained porous carbon was subsequently doped with nitrogen and with both boron and nitrogen. Composite materials of sulfur with these doped porous carbons were employed as cathode materials in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) and room-temperature sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries. Cyclic voltammetry analysis highlighted distinct redox mechanisms in Li–S and Na–S battery systems, governed by the differences in cationic radii and associated reaction kinetics. The nitrogen-doped carbon composite delivered initial discharge capacities of 861 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> in case of Li–S battery and 786 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> for Na–S battery at 0.4 C, while boron- and nitrogen-doped carbon composite exhibited enhanced initial discharge capacities of 1115 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> in case of Li–S battery and 898 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> for Na–S battery under identical conditions. Precisely, the study provides comparative insights into the distinct electrochemical conversion mechanisms of Li–S and Na–S battery systems, supported by the nature of heteroatom doping in the hierarchical porous carbon host.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Airej Batool, Hala M. Abo-Dief, Eman Alzahrani, Samira Elaissi, Ali El-Rayyes, Abhinav Kumar, Akasha Mumtaz, Rizwan Ul Hassan
{"title":"Synergistic Interfacial Interaction of CeAlO3 and Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Enhance Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Airej Batool, Hala M. Abo-Dief, Eman Alzahrani, Samira Elaissi, Ali El-Rayyes, Abhinav Kumar, Akasha Mumtaz, Rizwan Ul Hassan","doi":"10.1002/ente.70636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70636","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In consideration of ecological concerns including global warming and depletion of hydrocarbon reservoirs, implementation of sustainable energy generation has become essential nowadays. In such conditions, water electrolysis is regarded as significant and environmentally friendly method for hydrogen production. However, due to its sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, design of catalyst materials with exceptional efficiency is necessary for enhancing catalytic activity of electrolysis. A nontoxic, cost-effective and ecologically friendly composite material CeAlO<sub>3</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> was fabricated by ultrasonication followed by solvothermal method to enhance water-splitting performance. Moreover, uniform distribution of CeAlO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles on g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> sheets was confirmed via morphological analysis. The fabricated CeAlO<sub>3</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> exhibited significantly minimal overpotential (<i>η</i><sub>10</sub>) of 143.4 mV and Tafel value of 69.1 mV dec<sup>−1</sup> at −10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Chronoamperometry test confirmed the stability of CeAlO<sub>3</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> for roughly 50 h and demonstrates outstanding cycling stability for up to 5000<sup>th</sup> cycle in an alkaline solution. Furthermore, CeAlO<sub>3</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> exhibits excellent HER performance, characterized by extensive electrochemical surface area of 227.5 cm<sup>2</sup> and lower series resistance of 1.80 Ω. The described nanohybrid CeAlO<sub>3</sub>@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, due to its extensive surface area possesses significant potential for water electrolysis and various electrochemical procedures. Thus, produced nanocomposite demonstrates exceptional efficacy as electroactive catalyst for HER and energy conversion technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conical Structure-Assisted Gas Column-Type Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting and Liquid Environment Monitoring","authors":"Changzheng Li, Ruishi Gan, Hengyi Guo, Fuyuan He, Ziyuan Liang, Xinghong Li","doi":"10.1002/ente.70648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70648","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bubbles are ubiquitous in nature and industrial processes. Herein, we propose a bubble flow-based gas column-type triboelectric nanogenerator (BF-TENG). Endowed with a conical tapered structure at the bottom, the device can efficiently collect and transport bubbles upward. The movement of bubbles induces periodic transitions of the interface state of the triboelectric nanogenerator between liquid–solid and gas–solid interfaces, achieving a stable output voltage up to 19.2 V. We systematically investigated the regulatory mechanisms of pipe materials, pipe inclination angles, electrode configurations, electrode spacing, pipe diameters, and solution types on the electrical output performance. The BF-TENG mechanical energy harvesting system successfully achieves electrical energy conversion, charging a capacitor to over 2 V within 300 s and powering microelectronic devices. The BF-TENG holds extensive application potential as a bubble monitoring sensor, such as in the monitoring of bubbles in printing inks and gas monitoring in fish farming. These efforts provide a novel research perspective for the development of bubble mechanical energy harvesting in liquid environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Noninvasive Internal Temperature Prediction of Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Elevated Ambient Temperatures","authors":"Yining Ma, Yuan Wang, Junbo Li, Yuntian Guo, Feng Shi, Tianye Zheng, Hao Zhao","doi":"10.1002/ente.70646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.70646","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate, real-time, and noninvasive monitoring of internal battery temperature is essential for understanding thermal behavior and enabling early thermal runaway warning in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Although simplified thermal prediction models have been widely investigated for internal temperature estimation, their validation is predominantly conducted under room-temperature conditions, and their reliability under elevated ambient temperatures remains insufficiently explored. In this study, the robustness and generalization capability of a simplified thermal prediction model are systematically validated under different ambient temperatures using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology. To obtain operando internal temperature data, FBG sensors are embedded into the central void of commercial 18650 LIBs, while additional sensors simultaneously monitor the battery surface and ambient temperatures. The prediction model is evaluated under different ambient temperatures and charging/discharging rates. The predicted internal temperatures show good agreement with the experimentally measured values across all operating conditions, demonstrating high reliability and robustness under complex thermal boundaries and elevated-temperature environments. The proposed validation framework provides experimental support for the applicability of surface temperature-based internal temperature prediction models under realistic operating conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11573,"journal":{"name":"Energy technology","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}