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A Non-Binary Dual Cascade Polar Codes Construction and Low-Complexity SCL Decoding 一种非二进制双级联极码构造及低复杂度SCL译码
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-25 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70306
Baoxin Su, Shufeng Li, Junwei Zhang, Evgeny Belyaev
{"title":"A Non-Binary Dual Cascade Polar Codes Construction and Low-Complexity SCL Decoding","authors":"Baoxin Su,&nbsp;Shufeng Li,&nbsp;Junwei Zhang,&nbsp;Evgeny Belyaev","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70306","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper is dedicated to error-correction coding using polar codes. First, we design an error-correction approach including two cascade non-binary polar coding (NB-CPolar) structures and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code. Second, we propose a low-complexity decoding algorithm based on non-binary successive cancellation list (NB-LSCL) decoding. In order to improve the correction performance, during the level-2 NB-Polar decoding process, we propose to prioritize the CRC decision, retaining the paths with higher reliability, before performing the level-1 NB-Polar decoding operation. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with the baseline scheme, the NB-CPolar encoder and NB-LSCL decoding algorithm significantly improve the error correction performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Slow-Scale Instability in the Two-Phase Interleaved Fractional-Order Boost DC–DC Converter: Analysis and Confirmation 两相交错分数阶升压DC-DC变换器的慢尺度不稳定性:分析与验证
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70291
Chunling Hao, Faqiang Wang, Hao Qiu
{"title":"Slow-Scale Instability in the Two-Phase Interleaved Fractional-Order Boost DC–DC Converter: Analysis and Confirmation","authors":"Chunling Hao,&nbsp;Faqiang Wang,&nbsp;Hao Qiu","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70291","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A steady-state analytic approach based on the equivalent small parameter method (ESPM) is proposed for fractional-order systems in which the state variables have non-consistent periods. This approach is systematically employed to formulate a mathematical model for a two-phase interleaved parallel fractional-order boost DC–DC converter, considering parasitic effects. Through rigorous theoretical analysis, the underlying mechanism governing slow-scale instabilities in such systems is fundamentally elucidated. The effectiveness of the proposed method and theoretical analysis is verified by means of simulations and experiments, showing that the theoretical prediction is basically consistent with the observed results.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Joint Noise Suppression and Resolution Enhancement of ISAR Images Using Integrated Neural Networks 基于集成神经网络的ISAR图像噪声抑制与分辨率增强
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70303
Seonmin Cho, Soyoon Park, Youngjae Choi, Seungeui Lee, Youngseok Bae, Seongwook Lee
{"title":"Joint Noise Suppression and Resolution Enhancement of ISAR Images Using Integrated Neural Networks","authors":"Seonmin Cho,&nbsp;Soyoon Park,&nbsp;Youngjae Choi,&nbsp;Seungeui Lee,&nbsp;Youngseok Bae,&nbsp;Seongwook Lee","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70303","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes an integrated neural network for joint noise suppression and resolution enhancement of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images. Unlike conventional methods that address both challenges separately, we present a unified framework that can address them simultaneously. To achieve this, we first generate a comprehensive dataset of ISAR images for various targets under different conditions using a simulation-based method. Subsequently, we develop separate generative models for noise suppression and resolution enhancement, which are then combined sequentially. This combined network uses a joint optimization strategy in training process, simultaneously updating the weights of the two networks. The proposed integrated network achieved an average peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index measure of 34.69 dB and 0.95, respectively. It demonstrates that the proposed network effectively achieves both noise suppression and resolution enhancement within a single network.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimized Design of Σ Δ $Sigma Delta$ Modulators Using Deep-Learning and Simulated Annealing 基于深度学习和模拟退火的Σ Δ $Sigma Delta$调制器优化设计
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70256
Gustavo Liñán-Cembrano, José M. de la Rosa
{"title":"Optimized Design of \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Σ\u0000 Δ\u0000 \u0000 $Sigma Delta$\u0000 Modulators Using Deep-Learning and Simulated Annealing","authors":"Gustavo Liñán-Cembrano,&nbsp;José M. de la Rosa","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70256","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This letter presents a MATLAB toolbox for the automated high-level design and optimization of analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs), using sigma-delta modulators (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Σ</mi>\u0000 <mi>Δ</mi>\u0000 <mi>Ms</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$Sigma Delta{rm Ms}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) as case studies. The tool combines machine learning (ML) techniques and behavioural simulation to obtain the optimum set of building-block (amplifiers, comparators, etc.) requirements for a given set of specifications, namely resolution, signal bandwidth and power consumption. Two machine learning blocksgradient boosting classifiers and regression-type artificial neural networks—are trained, using Python libraries, to identify the best ADC architecture as well as to infer a set of design parameters which yields ADC specifications. The result from the ML blocks can be cross-checked in behavioural simulations in MATLAB and also optimized with respect to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), power consumption, or figure-of-merit (FoM) using an embedded simulated annealing (SA) process. The toolbox is controlled through a graphical user interface (GUI) for MATLAB which guides the designer through the whole process, from specifications to obtaining an implementation that meets the required specifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermal Enhancement of GaN Schottky Diodes Annealed at 600°C for High Power and High Temperature RF Applications 600°C退火GaN肖特基二极管的热增强,用于高功率和高温射频应用
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70307
Beatriz Orfao, Amir Al Abdallah, Hugo Bouillaud, Guillaume Ducournau, Yannick Roelens, Malek Zegaoui, Mohammed Zaknoune
{"title":"Thermal Enhancement of GaN Schottky Diodes Annealed at 600°C for High Power and High Temperature RF Applications","authors":"Beatriz Orfao,&nbsp;Amir Al Abdallah,&nbsp;Hugo Bouillaud,&nbsp;Guillaume Ducournau,&nbsp;Yannick Roelens,&nbsp;Malek Zegaoui,&nbsp;Mohammed Zaknoune","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we report the investigation of the thermal enhancement and the behaviour of GaN Schottky diodes grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on sapphire substrates for RF power applications and their potential to operate under extreme temperatures. The Schottky barrier diodes show a Schottky barrier height (<i>ϕ<sub>B</sub></i>) close to 0.93 eV and an ideality factor (<i>η</i>) near unity, with 1.03. Pt/Au anodes annealed at 500°C and 600°C show an improvement in the electrical characteristics and a breakdown voltage as high as 130 V for a drift layer thickness of 1 µm and doping of 10<sup>16</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Punxa: A Python-Based RISC-V System Simulator for Education Punxa:基于python的RISC-V教育系统模拟器
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70300
David Castells-Rufas, David Novo, Xavier Martorell
{"title":"Punxa: A Python-Based RISC-V System Simulator for Education","authors":"David Castells-Rufas,&nbsp;David Novo,&nbsp;Xavier Martorell","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The analysis and verification of the integration of hardware and software components is challenging. Traditional HDL simulators, which are often slow and provide low-level analysis tools, are not always effective for simulating the software of processor-based systems. This work presents an interactive co-simulation framework that enhances students' understanding of computer architecture concepts typically obscured by hardware intricacies. This framework facilitates a unified environment for iterative design, enabling detailed analysis and generation of reports and traces to identify system performance, bottlenecks, and find implementation errors. By prioritizing analysis features over performance, this framework serves as a valuable tool for educational purposes and comprehensive examination of the interactions between hardware and software.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptive Coding-Based Quantum Communication System for Image Transmission 基于自适应编码的图像传输量子通信系统
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70299
Udara Jayasinghe, Prabhath Samarathunga, Yasith Ganearachchi, Thanuj Fernando, Anil Fernando
{"title":"Adaptive Coding-Based Quantum Communication System for Image Transmission","authors":"Udara Jayasinghe,&nbsp;Prabhath Samarathunga,&nbsp;Yasith Ganearachchi,&nbsp;Thanuj Fernando,&nbsp;Anil Fernando","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70299","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work presents a quantum communication system enhanced with adaptive coding, aimed at improving compressed image transmission performance in noisy and error-prone environments. The proposed system integrates Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) and High Efficiency Image Format (HEIF) codecs with polar codes at varying code rates. To maintain consistent bandwidth usage, source coding rates are adapted according to the corresponding channel coding rates. After transmission through the quantum channel, the respective polar and source decoders reconstruct the image. The results show that the adaptive coding-based quantum communication system significantly outperforms equivalent classical systems, especially at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), achieving Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) improvements up to 65 dB and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) values up to 0.9999 for HEIF images and PSNR values up to 58 dB with SSIM values up to 0.9994 for JPEG images. These findings demonstrate the superior robustness and higher image quality of adaptive coding-based quantum communication in varying channel noise conditions and bandwidth-restricted applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microwave Modulation Transfer: Exploring Distorted and Undistorted Wave Solutions of the Telegrapher's Equation 微波调制传输:探索电报方程的畸变和非畸变波解
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70297
Cacciari Ilaria, Ranfagni Anedio
{"title":"Microwave Modulation Transfer: Exploring Distorted and Undistorted Wave Solutions of the Telegrapher's Equation","authors":"Cacciari Ilaria,&nbsp;Ranfagni Anedio","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70297","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We analyse the characteristics of the resulting waveforms as solutions of the telegrapher's equation. Two models are considered: one based on the original formulation by DeWitt-Morette and Foong (an exact model) and another, an approximated model presented here, which enables a simplified analysis. In both cases, we demonstrated that the resulting waveforms - both undistorted and distorted - maintain the characteristics of the input forms, apart from a time-dependent attenuation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Downlink Power Control for Cell-Free Massive MIMO System With Radio Stripes 带无线电条纹的无小区大规模MIMO系统下行功率控制
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70298
Yisong Fu, Linlin Xu, Yijie Chen, Wenchao Xia
{"title":"Downlink Power Control for Cell-Free Massive MIMO System With Radio Stripes","authors":"Yisong Fu,&nbsp;Linlin Xu,&nbsp;Yijie Chen,&nbsp;Wenchao Xia","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radio stripes present a promising fronthaul topology for cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output systems, enabling seamless connections between the access points (APs) and central processing unit through a single shared cable. In contrast to the traditional star topology, the stripes structure offers a substantial reduction in deployment and maintenance costs, thereby emerging as a more cost-effective and practical solution. However, the distributed arrangement of APs within the radio stripes potentially poses a threat to the overall system performance, particularly if some APs are situated far away from users. To address this issue, we introduce an AP switching technique aimed at enhancing the spectral efficiency of the system. To further improve the system performance, we have formulated a weighted sum-rate maximization problem that takes into account the quality of service of users, the transmit power of APs, and the interference among users. To tackle this problem, a power control algorithm that optimizes the transmit power vector of the active APs has been proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed method not only enhances the system throughput but also improves the energy efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Variable and Extended Precision (VRP) Accelerator Implemented in a 22 nm SoC 可变和扩展精度(VRP)加速器在22纳米SoC中实现
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70255
Eric Guthmuller, César Fuguet, Andrea Bocco, Jérôme Fereyre, Adrian Evans, Yves Durand
{"title":"Variable and Extended Precision (VRP) Accelerator Implemented in a 22 nm SoC","authors":"Eric Guthmuller,&nbsp;César Fuguet,&nbsp;Andrea Bocco,&nbsp;Jérôme Fereyre,&nbsp;Adrian Evans,&nbsp;Yves Durand","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70255","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Linear solvers and eigensolvers are the heart of high-performance computing scientific applications. Among them, iterative projection methods are preferred to direct algorithms for large problems because of their lower memory usage, but they are prone to roundoff errors. Using an enhanced working precision inside the linear computing kernels mitigates this issue and accelerates convergence. Today, to go beyond 80 bits of precision, the only option is to use software libraries which are very slow. We introduce the variable and extended precision accelerator (VRP), a RISC-V accelerator implemented on a system-on-chip (SoC) using GF22FDX technology. The VRP supports floating point computations with a range of significand bits from 2 to 512. This accelerator delivers an average 19.25<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 <annotation>$times$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> application speedup compared to the well-known MPFR software library running on a 2400 MHz Intel Xeon processor. Additionally, extended precision facilitates the convergence of linear solvers for problems that would otherwise fail to converge and reduces energy-to-solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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