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Unified Odd-Descent Regularization for Input Optimization
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70170
Zheng-Sen Zhou, Zhao-Rong Lai
{"title":"Unified Odd-Descent Regularization for Input Optimization","authors":"Zheng-Sen Zhou,&nbsp;Zhao-Rong Lai","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Activation-descent regularization is a crucial approach in input optimization for ReLU networks, but traditional methods face challenges. Converting discrete activation patterns into differentiable forms introduces half-space division, high computational complexity, and instability. We propose a novel local descent regularization method based on a network of arbitrary odd functions, which unifies half-space processing, simplifies expression, reduces computational complexity, and enriches the expression of the activation descent regularization term. Furthermore, by selecting an arbitrary differentiable odd function, we can derive an exact gradient descent direction, solving the non-differentiability problem caused by the non-smooth nature of ReLU, thus improving optimization efficiency and convergence stability. Experiments demonstrate the competitive performance of our approach, particularly in adversarial learning applications. This work contributes to both theory and practice of regularization for input optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Modified Balanced Radio-Frequency Power Amplifier for Adjustable VSWR Protection 用于可调驻波比保护的改进型平衡射频功率放大器
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70171
Alexis Carbonnière, Pierre Medrel, Jean-Michel Nébus, Ludovic Bacqué, Maxime Schutz
{"title":"A Modified Balanced Radio-Frequency Power Amplifier for Adjustable VSWR Protection","authors":"Alexis Carbonnière,&nbsp;Pierre Medrel,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Nébus,&nbsp;Ludovic Bacqué,&nbsp;Maxime Schutz","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article reports on a novel configuration of a balanced power amplifier (BPA) architecture that enables adaptive voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) protection. The BPA topology is modified at its input using a wideband power divider and two step-attenuators to control the power level distribution of RF signals driving the inputs of the 0°–90° hybrid coupler. In doing so, a certain degree of imbalance is advantageously practised to ensure a prescribed VSWR at the transistor's drain ports. The strategy followed to control the step-attenuator values as a function of the targeted VSWR is detailed. A conventional closed-loop VSWR detection and correction has been implemented in a demonstrator including commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components at S-band to validate the proposed concept.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MultiF-RSNet: Distributed interpretation for multi-platform collaborative in remote sensing
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70156
Luning Zhang, Xue Lu, Yuanchun He, Zheng Sun, Shujing Duan, Liangjin Zhao
{"title":"MultiF-RSNet: Distributed interpretation for multi-platform collaborative in remote sensing","authors":"Luning Zhang,&nbsp;Xue Lu,&nbsp;Yuanchun He,&nbsp;Zheng Sun,&nbsp;Shujing Duan,&nbsp;Liangjin Zhao","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70156","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Advances in remote sensing technology have significantly improved the on-orbit processing capabilities of satellites. A distributed collaborative inference approach for multi-platform remote sensing is introduced. This method leverages the synergy of multiple platforms to enhance inference precision. Initially, a feature compression module is implemented to reduce data transmission demands. Subsequently, a multi-layer feature fusion module is employed to integrate features from various platforms. Simulation experiments on public datasets confirm that our multi-platform collaborative object detection algorithm outperforms single-platform independent inference, validating its effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Low-Distortion Bootstrapped Switch Based on Parasitic Capacitance Reduction Techniques
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70172
Ming Wang, Yanhan Gu, Li Zeng, Zhangwen Tang
{"title":"A Low-Distortion Bootstrapped Switch Based on Parasitic Capacitance Reduction Techniques","authors":"Ming Wang,&nbsp;Yanhan Gu,&nbsp;Li Zeng,&nbsp;Zhangwen Tang","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This letter presents a low-distortion bootstrapped switch for improving sampling network linearity. The dynamically driven gate approach and the dynamically driven deep N-well technique are proposed to reduce the parasitic capacitance at crucial nodes. Simulated in a 180 nm CMOS process, the proposed switch achieves a total harmonic distortion (THD) of −101.3 dB at an 80 MHz sampling frequency. This is a 20.7 dB increase in THD over the conventional switch.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hybrid system consisting of synchronous condenser and virtual synchronous generator for enhanced power quality in microgrid
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70168
Renqi Guo, Nan Zhao
{"title":"Hybrid system consisting of synchronous condenser and virtual synchronous generator for enhanced power quality in microgrid","authors":"Renqi Guo,&nbsp;Nan Zhao","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) has been widely researched and applied to converters for their grid-forming capabilities. However, the intrinsic coupling between the active and reactive power outputs of VSGs negatively impacts the power quality delivered to the grid, particularly in microgrids. When VSG is compensating for the reactive power imbalances, the active power output will concurrently change, leading to a variation of frequency. Although existing literature proposes various improvements to decouple these power outputs, complete decoupling cannot be achieved solely by VSGs. This letter analyses the coupling mechanism and investigates a hybrid approach combining a VSG and a synchronous condenser (SC) to mitigate this effect, improving the power quality. Additionally, this study modifies the traditional reactive power control of VSGs to ensure voltage stability during transients. Test cases are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the system active and reactive power are effectively decoupled, and it maintains the frequency while regulating the grid voltage.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ZnO-based memristor for random number generator: The case of current compliance
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70165
Zohreh Hajiabadi, Irwan Purnama, Asep Nugroho, Hanyu Cao, Sridhar Chandrasekaran, Husneni Mukhtar, Dimitra G. Georgiadou, Harold M. H. Chong, David B. Thomas, Firman M. Simanjuntak
{"title":"ZnO-based memristor for random number generator: The case of current compliance","authors":"Zohreh Hajiabadi,&nbsp;Irwan Purnama,&nbsp;Asep Nugroho,&nbsp;Hanyu Cao,&nbsp;Sridhar Chandrasekaran,&nbsp;Husneni Mukhtar,&nbsp;Dimitra G. Georgiadou,&nbsp;Harold M. H. Chong,&nbsp;David B. Thomas,&nbsp;Firman M. Simanjuntak","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70165","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to exploit the resistance states of Cr/ZnO/TiN memristors to generate random numbers. A random number generator (RNG) circuit employing a single memristor is proposed. We suggest that current compliance (CC) is a significant parameter in determining the quality of randomness; it is found that low CCs (20-50 µA) have a wide resistance state distribution that facilitates random bits. This work provides insight into the implementation of memristors for data security applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multimodal sensor for soft grippers based on optical displacement sensing
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70149
Myoung-Su Choi, Ji-Hun Bae, Jae-Han Park, Dong-Hyuk Lee
{"title":"Multimodal sensor for soft grippers based on optical displacement sensing","authors":"Myoung-Su Choi,&nbsp;Ji-Hun Bae,&nbsp;Jae-Han Park,&nbsp;Dong-Hyuk Lee","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soft grippers enable to securely grasp objects of various shapes without complex control algorithms. However, the nature of the soft material presents a challenge regarding the attachment of sensors to the fingers, hindering the ability to obtain feedback data on their current state. This study introduces a novel sensor concept designed to be affixed to the fingers of a soft gripper, enabling the measurement of both bending angles and contact forces. The proposed sensor utilizes photo-reflectors to simultaneously measure bending angles and contact forces at multiple points, with the capability to easily expand the number of measurable cells. To enhance durability, a flexible printed circuit board with proven durability, along with a slip mechanism structure, is incorporated. Through the experiments, the feasibility of the proposed sensor is validated. Also, the durability and long-term repeatability of the sensor was verified through 100,000 repeated operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A miniaturized microstrip suppressing cell as an integrated HCC in class F/F−1 power amplifiers for 5G applications
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70144
Farzin Shama
{"title":"A miniaturized microstrip suppressing cell as an integrated HCC in class F/F−1 power amplifiers for 5G applications","authors":"Farzin Shama","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents the design and implementation of a miniaturized suppressing cell (MSC) functioning as a low-pass filter (LPF) utilizing an interdigital shaped resonator. The MSC is engineered to effectively control harmonics in power amplifiers (PAs), particularly in applications for next-generation 5G systems. The LPF achieves a cut-off frequency of 2.21 GHz, demonstrating a sharp transition region spanning 0.6 GHz, where the attenuation transitions from −3 to −40 dB. Notably, the filter exhibits an ultra-extended rejection bandwidth, maintaining at least −20 dB from 2.8 to 29.17 GHz. The measured flat group delay further confirms the excellent passband performance of this LPF, indicating minimal signal distortion. Given the critical role of harmonic control circuits (HCCs) in enhancing the efficiency and linearity of various PA classes, including class-F and class-F<sup>−1</sup> configuration, the proposed MSC serves as a vital component in HCC designs. This advancement not only contributes to improved performance in PAs but also supports the demands of modern wireless communication systems, reinforcing the MSC's significance in high-frequency applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A structure-prior guided adaptive context selection network for remote sensing semantic segmentation 用于遥感语义分割的结构先导自适应上下文选择网络
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70161
Shengjun Xu, Rui Shen, Erhu Liu, Zongfang Ma, Miao Du, Jun Liu, Bohan Zhan
{"title":"A structure-prior guided adaptive context selection network for remote sensing semantic segmentation","authors":"Shengjun Xu,&nbsp;Rui Shen,&nbsp;Erhu Liu,&nbsp;Zongfang Ma,&nbsp;Miao Du,&nbsp;Jun Liu,&nbsp;Bohan Zhan","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In remote sensing image segmentation, recognizing buildings is challenging when the visual evidence from pixels is weak or when buildings belong to small, spatially structured objects. To address this issue, a structure-prior guided adaptive context selection network (SGACS-Net) is proposed for remote sensing semantic segmentation. The core is to use structure-prior knowledge to dynamically capture prior contextual information and higher-order object structural features, thereby improving the accuracy of remote sensing building segmentation. First, an adaptive context selection module is designed. By dynamically adjusting the spatial sensing field, this module effectively models the global long-range context information dependencies. It captures varying context information of buildings at different scales, thereby enhancing the network's ability to extract building feature representations. Second, a structure-prior guided variable loss function is proposed. It utilizes the structural features of building points, lines, and surface to identify key regions. By leveraging advanced structure-prior knowledge, it enhances the network's ability to express structural features. Experimental results on two datasets show that the proposed SGACS-Net outperforms other typical and state-of-the-art methods in terms of remote sensing semantic segmentation performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Compact generalized joined coupler matrix with orthogonal beams
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70157
Yang Xu, Y. Jay Guo
{"title":"Compact generalized joined coupler matrix with orthogonal beams","authors":"Yang Xu,&nbsp;Y. Jay Guo","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An analogue beamforming network, such as the Butler matrix can produce orthogonal beams, the peak of each beam being aligned with the nulls of all other beams. This is particularly important in scenarios requiring interference resilience in systems like base stations and user equipment. This paper presents a 3 × 5 Nolen-like generalized joined coupler (GJC) matrix to produce orthogonal beams with both compact size and flexibility. The phase shifters are integrated into couplers while the coupling value range of couplers are extended to achieve the required performance of the GJC matrix. A prototype GJC matrix is designed, simulated, fabricated, and measured. The measured results agree well with the simulation ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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