{"title":"Time-Based Wireless Synchronous Detection of Bioimpedance Signals","authors":"Virgilio Valente, Hanieh Ashrafirad","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This letter presents a novel time-based scheme for wireless measurement of bioimpedance. Conventional circuits measure impedance in the analogue or digital domain, incurring in high power and area consumption resulting from either the use of analogue multipliers and high-order filters, or high-speed ADCs. Wireless transmission of impedance bits further results in a power penalty. Time domain solution offer a unique advantage both in terms of power consumption and technology scalability. Here we present a system that combines a pulse-width modulation–pulse position modulation readout with a pulse-harmonic modulation wireless link for power efficient transmission of impedance data. The paper presents a system-level description of the wireless readout architecture and its operation simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and LTSpice. The work presented here can provide the foundation for the design of novel time-based energy-efficient wireless impedance analysers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaozheng Deng, Yuanyuan Zhang, Shasha Mao, Peng Liu
{"title":"Non-Linearity Incremental Ensemble Learning Based Depth Explorations of Latent Individual Contributions","authors":"Xiaozheng Deng, Yuanyuan Zhang, Shasha Mao, Peng Liu","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In ensemble learning, individual accuracy and diversities are two key factors for improving the ensemble performance, and most existing methods have been designed from the view of boosting individual diversities. Whereas stronger individual diversities inevitably result in decreasing accuracies of partial individuals, it brings a great challenge for improving the ensemble performance. In fact, we observe that the contribution of individuals should be a crucial factor for ensemble learning, which can effectively alleviate the problem of balancing diversity and accuracy, but it is ignored in most existing studies. Based on this, we propose a new incremental non-linearity deep ensemble learning method that effectively combines multiple individuals based on the exploration of individual contributions by utilizing deep learning. In the proposed method, a characterization matrix is first constructed to represent the original individuals. Then, a deep ensemble network is constructed to explore the potential contribution of individuals in conjunction with the optimization objective of ensemble learning. Interestingly, a special layer is designed to achieve the minimization of ensemble error. Finally, experimental results on public datasets illustrate that the proposed method achieves the average 0.66–4.8% performance improvements compared to existing typical ensemble methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhizhi Chen, Qian Wang, Houpeng Chen, Xi Li, Xiaogang Chen, Sannian Song, Zhitang Song
{"title":"Research and Improvement of Muller C Element","authors":"Zhizhi Chen, Qian Wang, Houpeng Chen, Xi Li, Xiaogang Chen, Sannian Song, Zhitang Song","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70184","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The basic structure of conventional Muller C element is studied and the output errors caused by node parasitic capacitors are analysed in this letter. In order to avoid such errors, an improved C element with two inverted ratio MOS transistors added is proposed to control high resistance nodes of the circuit. To reduce the power consumption of C element, two resistors are added. The proposed C element has been designed in 28 nm CMOS process and 2.5 V devices are adopted. The simulation results show that proposed C element avoids such errors and the size of the layout is 67.33 µm<sup>2</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-Loop Antennas With a Branched Feed-Line for Broadband Circular Polarisation","authors":"Kazuhide Hirose, Shintaro Mita, Yuya Urushibata, Hisamatsu Nakano","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using the method of moments, we first analyse reference and present dual-loop antennas with a perturbation segment and branched feedline, respectively. The loop elements of each antenna are gradually rotated for an increased 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth. Analysis reveals that as the loop rotation angle increases, the bandwidths of the reference and present antennas reach 20% and 43%, respectively, twice and three times as broad as those of the corresponding antennas without the rotation. Next, we modify the present antenna using a sequential rotation technique and discuss the radiation characteristics. The simulated results are verified with experimental ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Haas, Nils Surkamp, Navina Kleemann, Heike Christopher, Andrea Knigge, Carsten Brenner, Martin R. Hofmann
{"title":"Diode Laser-Based Generation of Mode-Locked Pulses at 1067 Nm (290 fs, 69 W Peak Power)","authors":"Paul Haas, Nils Surkamp, Navina Kleemann, Heike Christopher, Andrea Knigge, Carsten Brenner, Martin R. Hofmann","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We demonstrate the diode laser-based generation of mode-locked pulses with 290 fs temporal width and 69 W peak power at a centre wavelength of 1067 nm. The laser diode is operated in an external cavity configuration at a repetition rate of 1.05 GHz. The laser operates passively modelocked with a reverse biased absorber section. The chirped output pulses are compressed close to the transform limit by means of an optimized grating compressor. This tailored pulse compression delivers almost transform limited pulses with specifications sufficient for THz time domain spectroscopy or nonlinear microscopy applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhendong Su, Jiang Li, Guoyun Huang, Zhanheng Tang, Honghan Qin, Liren Huang, Jian Zhou, Benxue Liu
{"title":"Cigarette defect detection based on independent feature extraction constraints","authors":"Zhendong Su, Jiang Li, Guoyun Huang, Zhanheng Tang, Honghan Qin, Liren Huang, Jian Zhou, Benxue Liu","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The detection of appearance defects in cigarettes is crucial in the field of industrial defect detection. Most existing detection methods achieve defect detection by utilizing deep learning to learn feature representations of various types of defects. However, due to the complexity and randomness of the production and processing process, the differences between defects in different cigarettes are not significant, which greatly affects the detection performance. Therefore, to address this issue, this article proposes a cigarette defect detection method based on independent feature extraction constraints, called IFEC. The core idea of this method is to extract independent features of different defect categories to increase the differences between features of different categories, enhance the distinguishability of features, and achieve accurate cigarette defect detection. In IFEC, an independence feature extraction constraint module is proposed that constrains the network to extract highly independent defect features of different categories through feature decoupling and feature decorrelation. The sufficient experimental results indicate that the proposed IFEC has superior detection performance compared to existing detection methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CSS-UNet: Convolution-State Space Enhanced UNet for Cardiac MRI Segmentation","authors":"Yaliang Tong, Kun Liu, Yuquan He, Ping Yang","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is widely adopted in clinic for the assessment of cardiac anatomical structures and functions, and accurately segmenting left ventricular, myocardium and right ventricle from CMR plays an important role in clinical practice. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), for example, U-Net, have been widely used in CMR segmentation. However, current CNN-based models focus on extracting local features via convolution modules, which cannot well understand the long-range dependencies within images, leading to the sub-optimal solution for CMR segmentation task. Inspired by Mamba that efficiently captures global context information using state space model, we propose a novel CMR segmentation model, called CSS-UNet, that can capture both local features and global contexts simultaneously by fusing features from convolution block and visual state space block. Our new model follows the design of U-Net architecture that contains encoder and decoder with skip connections, where a proposed feature fusion module, called spatial-state space, is seamlessly integrated into our model. By using the spatial-state space module, the low-level and high-level features can be extracted and fused for capturing both global and local information, enhancing the capability of feature extraction of CSS-UNet. We evaluate our proposed model on two public CMR datasets, and the experimental results reveal that our proposed model outperforms the most widely-used UNet, demonstrating the effectiveness of our model.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yonghua Zhang, Hui Wang, He Tang, Xingze Liu, Benxue Liu, Siyuan Sun
{"title":"Small target detection with decoupling and decorrelation of confusion features","authors":"Yonghua Zhang, Hui Wang, He Tang, Xingze Liu, Benxue Liu, Siyuan Sun","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Small target detection has important application value in military, cigarette defect detection, monitoring and remote sensing fields. However, due to the complex background interference of infrared images, the background and target features are confused with each other, which makes it difficult for existing detection methods to effectively distinguish the features of the background and the target, resulting in poor detection effect. Therefore, to solve this problem, this paper proposes a small target detection method based on confusion feature decoupling and decorrelation, aiming to achieve accurate detection of small targets in complex environments by extracting robust small target features. Specifically, in confusion feature decoupling and decorrelation, we propose a confusion feature decoupling and decorrelation module. By introducing a feature decoupling mechanism, the features of the input image are decomposed into independent background features and target features, and feature decorrelation is used to achieve independence between the target and the background. The target features after decoupling and decorrelation are purer, which helps to reduce background interference and thus improve detection performance. Systematic experimental results show that the detection performance of the proposed method on public small target detection datasets is much better than that of existing advanced detection methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation of an Ultra-Low Profile High-Purity OAM Generator","authors":"Songtao Peng, Youlei Pu","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70174","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This letter presents an orbital angular momentum (OAM) generator based on a uniform circular array (UCA) micro-integrated structure that produces ultra-high purity OAM vortex beams at Ka-band while maintaining a low profile. Utilizing cut-angle microstrip patch elements, the UCA excites circularly polarized waves and generates OAM modes with (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>l</mi>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$l=pm 1$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) through specific amplitude and phase signal inputs. A key feature of this design is the integration of a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) radial feed network with the UCA, significantly lowering fabrication costs and reducing the overall thickness to only 1.1 mm (0.11<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>$lambda _{0}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> at 30.0 GHz). Measurements of the Ka-band prototype reveal an OAM mode purity of 93% for (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>l</mi>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mo>+</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$l=+1$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) and a 10 dB bandwidth of approximately 1.8 GHz.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel D-InSAR and Offset Tracking Fusion Algorithm Based on Variance-Masked Mean Filtering","authors":"Yifan Wang, Gen Li, Zihan Hu, Chuanxu Sun, Zhe Li","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate ground deformation monitoring is crucial for understanding geophysical activities and mitigating disaster risks. D-InSAR and offset tracking are widely used but face limitations: D-InSAR struggles with phase unwrapping errors in large-scale deformation regions, while offset tracking lacks precision in small-scale deformation. This paper proposes a fusion algorithm based on variance-masked mean filtering to combine the strengths of both methods. The algorithm filters noise in gentle regions of the offset map and fuses refined results with D-InSAR to enhance accuracy. Applied to the 2023 Türkiye earthquake, the method effectively reduces noise, corrects unwrapping errors, and achieves superior accuracy in large-scale deformation scenarios such as earthquakes and landslides.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}