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Ultra-Low Noise Figure Ka-Band MMIC LNA With Graded-Channel GaN HEMTs 带梯度通道GaN hemt的超低噪声图ka波段MMIC LNA
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70258
Joe Tai, Joel Wong, Jeong-Sun Moon
{"title":"Ultra-Low Noise Figure Ka-Band MMIC LNA With Graded-Channel GaN HEMTs","authors":"Joe Tai,&nbsp;Joel Wong,&nbsp;Jeong-Sun Moon","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70258","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report broadband (20 GHz - 40 GHz) low-noise amplifiers in a cascode topology using graded-channel GaN HEMTs, resulting in an excellent NF figure down to 1 dB with 15 dB gain.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficient Signal Processing for Frequency-Agile Radar With Limited Computational Resources 有限计算资源下频率捷变雷达的高效信号处理
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70270
Zexi Wei, Dinghong Lu, Zhe Cao
{"title":"Efficient Signal Processing for Frequency-Agile Radar With Limited Computational Resources","authors":"Zexi Wei,&nbsp;Dinghong Lu,&nbsp;Zhe Cao","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70270","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Frequency-agile radar provides strong anti-jamming capabilities, but its performance is limited by the coupled phase terms arising from target range, velocity, and carrier frequency during coherent accumulation. Existing methods often require substantial computational loads, making them impractical for resource-constrained platforms. This letter proposes a fast high-resolution range profile (HRRP) generation method that eliminates velocity compensation. The key lies in a specially designed waveform that transforms the velocity-related phase into linear phase components. Through the conjugate multiplication of echoes, the linear velocity-related phase is converted into a constant term that enables direct HRRP generation via FFT. Simulations show that the method maintains imaging quality while achieving higher computational efficiency, providing a feasible solution for resource-limited radar platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
VLSI Design of LSTM-Based ECG Classification for Continuous Cardiac Monitoring on Wearable Devices 基于lstm的可穿戴设备连续心脏监测心电分类的VLSI设计
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70269
Nousheen Akhtar, Jiancun Fan, Abdul Rehman Buzdar, Muaz Ahmed, Ali Raza
{"title":"VLSI Design of LSTM-Based ECG Classification for Continuous Cardiac Monitoring on Wearable Devices","authors":"Nousheen Akhtar,&nbsp;Jiancun Fan,&nbsp;Abdul Rehman Buzdar,&nbsp;Muaz Ahmed,&nbsp;Ali Raza","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70269","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A portable and efficient electrocardiogram (ECG) classification system is essential for continuous cardiac monitoring in wearable healthcare devices. This paper presents a highly efficient very large scale integration architecture optimized for real-time ECG classification. The proposed system integrates a feature extraction module that utilizes a four-level daubechies discret wavelet transform and a classification module comprising multiple long-short-term memory recurrent neural networks, fully connected layers, and a multilayer perceptron. The design achieves a classification accuracy of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>99</mn>\u0000 <mo>%</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$99%$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. The hardware architecture demonstrates low resource utilization and operates at a power consumption of 41 mW with a clock frequency of 54 MHz, ensuring real-time classification. The presented design is verified on a Xilinx field-programmable gate array and tested using the publicly available ECG data set. Compared to state-of-the-art implementations, our approach achieves a superior balance between classification accuracy, power efficiency, and hardware resource optimization, making it suitable for wearable cardiac monitoring applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Centre-Fed Low Side Lobe Circularly Polarised Phased Array Using Spiral Sequential Rotation Technique 采用螺旋顺序旋转技术的中心馈电低旁瓣圆极化相控阵
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70259
Yuanming Xiao, Lianxing He, Zhanyu Kang, Xiaoli Wei
{"title":"A Centre-Fed Low Side Lobe Circularly Polarised Phased Array Using Spiral Sequential Rotation Technique","authors":"Yuanming Xiao,&nbsp;Lianxing He,&nbsp;Zhanyu Kang,&nbsp;Xiaoli Wei","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70259","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This letter presents a novel spiral sequential rotation (SSR) technique for the phased array with a centre-fed element to achieve a low cross-polarisation level and good side lobe suppression.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deep Subspace Clustering Preserving Distribution for Hyperspectral Images 高光谱图像的深子空间聚类保持分布
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70262
Shujun Liu, Huajun Wang
{"title":"Deep Subspace Clustering Preserving Distribution for Hyperspectral Images","authors":"Shujun Liu,&nbsp;Huajun Wang","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70262","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hyperspectral images usually lie on low-dimensional nonlinear manifolds, leading to a challenging clustering task. Deep subspace clustering–based methods have been successful in this task by converting features to linear embedding using an auto-encoder with <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>ℓ</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>$ell _2$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> norm. In this setting, the embedding of the auto-encoder just learns the implicit geometric structure of original samples and loses its distribution. However, the sample distribution alignment is a generalisation of sample alignment. To remedy these issues, in this article, we propose a promising method, named DSCOT, for improving subspace clustering. Specifically, we measure the reconstruction error of the auto-encoder leveraging optimal transport distance that explicitly embeds geometric distance between samples and preserves embedding distribution in observation space. It results in more appropriate embedding for subspace clustering. Several experiments on three widely used databases show that the proposed method is superior to most state-of-the-art methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Explainable Electricity Theft Detection With Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping 基于梯度加权类激活映射的可解释电盗窃检测
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70264
Xiaohui Li, Weijia Lv, Inam Ullah Khan, Bin Xie, Ruijin Zhu
{"title":"Explainable Electricity Theft Detection With Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping","authors":"Xiaohui Li,&nbsp;Weijia Lv,&nbsp;Inam Ullah Khan,&nbsp;Bin Xie,&nbsp;Ruijin Zhu","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70264","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neural networks have been widely used for electricity theft detection recently. However, their decision-making process is often not transparent, which limits the understanding of the basis for their decisions. To address this limitation, this letter proposes an explainable electricity theft detection method with gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM). Specifically, Grad-CAM is extended to generate fraud scores by computing the gradient-based importance of input features, highlighting suspicious activities. Simulation results show that the proposed Grad-CAM can provide accurate and reliable decision rationale. Compared with Shapley additive explanations and local interpretable model-agnostic explanations, the balanced detection score of the proposed Grad-CAM increased by 13.38% and 72.53%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel Peg-in-Hole Robot Assembly via Misalignment-Error Estimation 基于误差估计的新型钉孔机器人装配
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70245
Jinseok Kim, Iksu Choi, Taeyeop Cho, Gi-Hun Yang, Dongbum Pyo
{"title":"Novel Peg-in-Hole Robot Assembly via Misalignment-Error Estimation","authors":"Jinseok Kim,&nbsp;Iksu Choi,&nbsp;Taeyeop Cho,&nbsp;Gi-Hun Yang,&nbsp;Dongbum Pyo","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70245","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent studies on autonomous robotic manipulation for manufacturing automation have heavily relied on environmental perception through vision, based on artificial intelligence. However, vision-recognition errors are inevitable, and misalignment can lead to jamming, decreasing the task success rates, and potentially damaging workpieces. This letter introduces a peg-in-hole control approach that merges a parallel position/force controller with a network, designed to estimate misalignment errors. In real-world experiments, we confirmed that, under poor gain-tuning conditions, the success rate improved by up to 44% compared with conventional methods, even without additional parameter tuning. By effectively preventing jamming caused by misalignment in peg-in-hole tasks, the proposed method enhances robotic-assembly performance in unstructured environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detection Algorithm for Malicious Control Commands in Active Distribution Networks Based on GloVe 基于 GloVe 的主动分发网络恶意控制指令检测算法
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70252
Tong Li, Haoming Zhang, Tian Xia, Zhuolin Liu, Hai Zhao, Dongyang Liu
{"title":"Detection Algorithm for Malicious Control Commands in Active Distribution Networks Based on GloVe","authors":"Tong Li,&nbsp;Haoming Zhang,&nbsp;Tian Xia,&nbsp;Zhuolin Liu,&nbsp;Hai Zhao,&nbsp;Dongyang Liu","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70252","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Malicious control commands posing a critical threat to the reliable and solid operation of active distribution networks (ADN), necessitating more effective identification and detection methods than traditional approaches. This paper proposes a detection algorithm for malicious control commands in ADN based on the global vectors for word representation (GloVe) model. The GloVe model converts control commands into high-dimensional word vectors, and the coupling degree between the command and physical logic semantics is analysed using cosine similarity, thereby detecting malicious control commands. Experimental simulations demonstrate that this method performs excellently in terms of accuracy and detection performance, effectively identifying and preventing malicious control commands, thereby ensuring reliable and solid operation of the ADN.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Efficient LSEF-Based Algorithm for Binary Phase-Coded MIMO Radar Waveform Design 一种基于lsef的二相编码MIMO雷达波形设计算法
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70235
Jiahui Cao, Jinping Sun, Guohua Wang, Yuxi Zhang, Wenguang Wang, Jun Wang
{"title":"An Efficient LSEF-Based Algorithm for Binary Phase-Coded MIMO Radar Waveform Design","authors":"Jiahui Cao,&nbsp;Jinping Sun,&nbsp;Guohua Wang,&nbsp;Yuxi Zhang,&nbsp;Wenguang Wang,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70235","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This letter presents an efficient algorithm for designing binary phase-coded sequences with low peak sidelobe level (PSL) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar applications. The algorithm features a log-sum-exp function (LSEF)-based fitness function and a vectorized recursive computation method, substantially reducing computational complexity compared to conventional approaches. A two-stage search strategy effectively balances between local exploitation and global exploration. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves comparable PSL performance to state-of-the-art algorithms with enhanced computational efficiency in monostatic cases, while exhibiting superior PSL performance in MIMO scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RSTNet: A Spatio-Temporal Attention Framework for Human Action Recognition RSTNet：一个用于人类动作识别的时空注意框架
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70191
Cui Haifeng, Hou Zhihong, Zhang Tianyu, Duan Daxin, Yao Mingkai, Liu Taoran, Shang Mingwei, Qu Yang, Wang Yafei, Wang Hongbo, Yao Tianming, Tian Baofeng
{"title":"RSTNet: A Spatio-Temporal Attention Framework for Human Action Recognition","authors":"Cui Haifeng,&nbsp;Hou Zhihong,&nbsp;Zhang Tianyu,&nbsp;Duan Daxin,&nbsp;Yao Mingkai,&nbsp;Liu Taoran,&nbsp;Shang Mingwei,&nbsp;Qu Yang,&nbsp;Wang Yafei,&nbsp;Wang Hongbo,&nbsp;Yao Tianming,&nbsp;Tian Baofeng","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper introduces RSTNet, a neural network model based on spatio-temporal attention (STA), designed to improve the accuracy of human action recognition. The model uses heatmaps as input, employs 3D-ResNet as its backbone network, and incorporates STA modules and squeeze-and-excitation (SE) modules. Experiments on the UCF101 dataset demonstrate that RSTNet outperforms other classic methods in key metrics such as Top1 accuracy, Top5 accuracy and average accuracy. Ablation studies further validate the contribution of each module to the model's performance, proving the effectiveness of this approach in capturing spatio-temporal features and enhancing action recognition precision.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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