Electronics Letters最新文献

{"title":"Extended Accelerated Over-Relaxation Algorithm for Low Complexity Massive MIMO Signal Detection","authors":"Muhammad Nauman Irshad,&nbsp;Dr. Muhammad Faisal Buland Iqbal","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70436","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This letter proposes an extended accelerated over-relaxation (EAOR) detector for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems that significantly improves convergence speed while maintaining low computational complexity. The EAOR method introduces a three-parameter optimization framework that extends classical two-parameter iterative schemes, providing enhanced flexibility for spectral radius minimization. A novel power-aware initialization strategy exploits channel strength information to address interference asymmetry and accelerate convergence. The proposed detector achieves near-minimum mean square error performance with <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>K</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$mathcal {O}(K^2)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> per-iteration complexity, substantially outperforming existing AOR and second-order Richardson iteration methods. Simulation results demonstrate that EAOR consistently achieves lower bit error rates with fewer iterations across various antenna configurations and modulation schemes. The enhanced convergence characteristics make EAOR an attractive solution for practical massive MIMO implementations in next-generation wireless systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70436","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extrinsic Calibration of LiDAR and Camera via Intensity-Aware Deep Line Registration","authors":"Jingshi Wang,&nbsp;Zhipeng Lin,&nbsp;Zhiyu Zhou,&nbsp;Zhi Gao,&nbsp;Guoqing Wang","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70423","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate extrinsic calibration between the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and camera is a critical step for sensor fusion tasks. Existing calibration methods often rely on artificial calibration targets or distinct visual textures, which may not be available in many real-world environments. In addition, conventional LiDAR systems often capture sparse point clouds, which limits feature extraction and matching in calibration tasks. In this work, we propose a novel extrinsic calibration framework that leverages intensity-aware deep line registration. Our approach first generates dense point clouds by incrementally registering consecutive LiDAR frames and voxel filtering. This dense point cloud serves as the basis for generating high-resolution intensity maps. Next, we apply deep learning-based line detection algorithms to extract robust line features from both the intensity map and the corresponding camera image. By minimising a distance-based objective function formulated with the 3D line points and 2D image lines, we estimate the extrinsic parameters through optimisation process. Experimental results show that our method achieves sub-pixel reprojection accuracy and robustness in various environments. Our calibration method is cost-effective, easy to deploy and suitable for real-time robotic applications without the need for artificial targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for Precisely Calculating the Radiation Resistance of Loop Antennas in Seawater","authors":"Honglei Wang,&nbsp;Yulong Wei,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Yingda Ren","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70432","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the increasing demand for underwater communication, the study of electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation in complex marine environments, especially for unmanned platforms, is crucial. Loop antennas are widely used in underwater wireless communication for their simple structure and high efficiency. But the traditional spherical integration for calculating their radiation resistance is inaccurate due to seawater induced EM wave attenuation. This paper proposes a cylindrical surface integration based method, validated by simulations and offshore experiments, to calculate it more accurately, offering a reliable basis for underwater loop antenna and communication system design.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of Mutual Coupling in Bent Monopole Arrays","authors":"Yanwei Fu,&nbsp;Yongwei Zhang,&nbsp;Xianyang Lv,&nbsp;Murat Temiz","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70439","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sufficient electromagnetic isolation between antenna array elements is necessary in low-profile arrays, where elements are closely spaced. This study examines techniques to reduce mutual coupling in a flexible monopole antenna array, which may need to be bent depending on the application. Mutual coupling is more significant in arrays when they are bent. Three parasitic geometric shapes are introduced and combined to reduce mutual coupling in arrays of various aperture sizes. The flexible array is optimized using a combination of the three parasitic structures, yielding an average mutual coupling of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>21</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$-21$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> dB in a planar configuration. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed structure, an <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>8</mn>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$8times 1$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> array has been manufactured using cotton as a substrate. The bent array has demonstrated a bandwidth of 23% with mutual coupling reduced from <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>14</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$-14$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> to <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>22</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$-22$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> dB by adding the proposed structures. The flexible design with low coupling between adjacent elements makes the proposed antenna array a promising candidate for wearable multiantenna wireless communication applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observation of a DC Bias Voltage Dependence of Second-Order Harmonics in Temperature Compensated Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators","authors":"Wanli Cai,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Liu,&nbsp;Hao Liu,&nbsp;Jingfu Bao,&nbsp;Ken-ya Hashimoto","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70424","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article reports the variation of second-order harmonics (H2) with the DC bias voltage (DCBV) in surface acoustic wave resonators employing the SiO₂/LiNbO₃ structure. The H2 response depends on not only the amplitude but also the polarity of DCBV, and the dependence changes with the input frequency. On the other hand, linear and third-order nonlinear responses scarcely changed with DCBV. Possible origins of this phenomenon are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dual-Polarized 1-D Wide-Angle Beam-Scanning Phased Array Antenna With High Polarization Purity Based on TGV Technology","authors":"Tian Mi,&nbsp;Yan Meng,&nbsp;Zong Rui He","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70426","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This letter presents a dual-polarized series-fed substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) phased array antenna at W-band utilizing through-glass-via (TGV) technology. To overcome fabrication challenges, the TGV-based high-density micro-vias are employed to achieve a 14% reduction in the width of the SIW transmission line (<i>W</i>_SIW) compared to traditional PCBs, thereby extending the scanning range. To improve the polarization purity for the performance of beam-scanning, a symmetric butterfly-shaped slot element is applied with a significant improvement in cross-polarization compared with a T-shaped slot. The proposed antenna employs dual-linear polarization synthesized from dual-circular polarizations. The simulated and experimental results demonstrate that both polarizations exhibit sustained 1-D beam-scanning capability over ±60°, confirming operational viability for W-band wide-angle beam-scanning synthetic aperture radar.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum Fourier Transform-Based Adaptive Image Compression and Transmission System","authors":"Udara Jayasinghe,&nbsp;Thanuj Fernando,&nbsp;Anil Fernando","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70430","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ell2.70430","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study proposes an adaptive quantum Fourier transform (QFT)-based framework for efficient, high-quality near-lossless image compression and transmission. The system converts the input image into a bitstream, applies channel encoding, and maps it to quantum states. A key innovation is the dynamic selection of the qubit encoding size based on real-time channel conditions, optimizing the trade-off between compression efficiency and noise resilience. The proposed QFT framework selectively transmits a subset of coefficients through the noisy quantum channel. At the receiver, the full quantum state is estimated, followed by inverse QFT and channel decoding to reconstruct the original image. Compared to fixed-qubit methods, the proposed system achieves superior performance, with compression ratios of up to 256:1 and near-perfect reconstruction quality (PSNR approaching infinity and SSIM of 1). These results demonstrate its potential for future quantum communication applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative-Sequence Component Compensation for Railway Power System With Supercapacitor Integrated MMC","authors":"Zhijie Li,&nbsp;Zhongyou Luo,&nbsp;Tianshu Chen,&nbsp;Junyi Tang","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70384","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a coordinated control strategy for a supercapacitor-integrated modular multilevel converter (SC-MMC) to address the negative sequence component in railway traction power systems. The MMC is a single-phase, four-bridge-arm topology with a traction-side sub-module connected to a supercapacitor energy storage device. The operating mode is divided based on the negative sequence compensation principle and locomotive load characteristics. The upper level of the strategy determines the operating modes and calculates the reference power of each port, while the lower level achieves power control and coordinates the switching of operating modes. The case study demonstrates that the system can effectively compensate for the negative sequence of the grid under different locomotive load levels and coordinate the control of the supercapacitor and MMC to participate in the compensation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asynchronous Channel-Aware and Queue-Aware Deficit Round Robin Scheduling Strategy for Different TSN Traffics in the TSN-5G Network","authors":"Xiaohuan Zhang,&nbsp;Yiqin Lu","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70418","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the most significant technologies for ensuring deterministic low-latency transmission for time-sensitive applications in the integrated TSN-5G network is the traffic scheduling method. In this paper, we propose a channel-aware and queue-aware deficit round Robin (CQDRR) scheduling method for different hybrid flows in an integrated TSN-5G network. The proposed asynchronous CQDRR scheduling algorithm achieves a computational complexity of <i>O</i>(<i>m</i>), making it effective and particularly suitable for scalable TSN-5G network environments. Its design eliminates the need for time synchronization between 5G and TSN networks, further enhancing its applicability in heterogeneous network scenarios. The CQDRR scheduling method considers both queue load and channel information in its quantum allocation decisions, achieving a good delay performance by distributing suitable quantities of quantum to various TSN flows. The simulation results show that the CQDRR scheduling algorithm significantly outperforms the deterministic quality-of-service (DQOS) and deficit round Robin (DRR) in terms of end-to-end delay performance, especially at high network loads and/or bad channel conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AMFFF: Road Damage Detection Method With Adaptive Multi-Frequency Feature Fusion","authors":"Jianlan Liu,&nbsp;Yingying Gao,&nbsp;Hui Bai","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70369","DOIUrl":"10.1049/ell2.70369","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Road damage detection is a critical component of road maintenance and safety management. However, traditional methods often suffer from limitations in detection accuracy and robustness, especially in complex environments. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel road damage detection method based on wavelet transform and adaptive multi-frequency feature fusion, namely adaptive multi-frequency feature fusion (AMFFF). By leveraging wavelet transform, the AMFFF method performs multi-scale decomposition of road image signals to extract target features across different frequency components, thereby capturing fine details of road defects at various scales. Furthermore, in the AMFFF, an adaptive feature fusion strategy is designed to dynamically integrate features from different frequency components with the original features, significantly enhancing the discriminative feature representation of defect targets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively improves detection accuracy and robustness, particularly under challenging conditions such as complex lighting, shadows, and texture interference. Compared with existing approaches, the proposed AMFFF road damage detection method achieves significant improvements in detection accuracy and recall rate, offering a new perspective for the advancement of road damage detection technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}