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A 6-b 875-MS/s SAR ADC with charge-pump based pipelined background metastability calibration
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70148
Yunkuk Park, Se-Ung Park, Jung-Hoon Chun
{"title":"A 6-b 875-MS/s SAR ADC with charge-pump based pipelined background metastability calibration","authors":"Yunkuk Park,&nbsp;Se-Ung Park,&nbsp;Jung-Hoon Chun","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metastability in successive-approximation register analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs) degrades the ADC's signal-to-noise and distortion ratio and causes error propagation through the digital equalizers of ADC-based receivers. To mitigate these issues, a charge-pump-based successive-approximation register metastability calibration method is proposed. This approach operates independently of a fixed voltage or time reference. The calibration process is executed in the background with pipelining, requiring minimal additional power. Comprehensive testing shows that the proposed calibration consistently enhances ADC SNDR and reduces the code error rate across a wide range of sampling rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extended target tracking using neural network and Gaussian process
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70151
Hao Wang, Liping Song
{"title":"Extended target tracking using neural network and Gaussian process","authors":"Hao Wang,&nbsp;Liping Song","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In extended target tracking, Gaussian Process (GP) is utilized to model unknown contour functions based on the model-predicted target center and contour measurements. However, model prediction relies on accurate prior knowledge. When the model-predicted target center is inaccurate, it will affect the modelling of the measurement model. To address issue, this letter introduces a hybrid-driven approach that combines extended Kalman filter using GP with neural network; proposes an extended target tracking algorithm using neural network and GP. The algorithm predicts the target center according to the neural network and the target's kinematic model, and takes the prediction center and the contour measurements at the current moment as the input of the neural network, which in turn provides real-time estimates for the predicted center compensation. The simulation results show that the algorithm has a significant improvement in tracking performance and better accuracy in estimating the center position and extent state of the target.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A two-stage approach for single thermal image restoration
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70111
Guanyu Liu, Jinxiang Xu, Yihui Cheng, Yi Su, Biwen Yang
{"title":"A two-stage approach for single thermal image restoration","authors":"Guanyu Liu,&nbsp;Jinxiang Xu,&nbsp;Yihui Cheng,&nbsp;Yi Su,&nbsp;Biwen Yang","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermal images are prone to significant degradation due to noise, low contrast, and loss of fine details, which poses challenges in many practical applications. Traditional image restoration techniques, particularly those developed for the RGB domain, struggle to effectively balance noise reduction, contrast improvement, and detail preservation when applied to thermal images. In this work, a novel two-stage deep learning framework designed to address these issues in thermal image restoration is proposed. The approach separates the task into a denoising stage and a contrast enhancement stage, with a particular emphasis on preserving fine details throughout the process. By employing a detail extraction mechanism, the method ensures that crucial image details are maintained, even as noise is reduced and contrast is enhanced. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the method not only outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in terms of PSNR and SSIM, but also excels in preserving fine details.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A scalable 3–15 GHz 256-element active phased array for ultra-wideband multi-functional RF sensor systems
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70142
Daqun Yu, Jian Mi, Zhuo-Wei Miao, Zhang-Cheng Hao
{"title":"A scalable 3–15 GHz 256-element active phased array for ultra-wideband multi-functional RF sensor systems","authors":"Daqun Yu,&nbsp;Jian Mi,&nbsp;Zhuo-Wei Miao,&nbsp;Zhang-Cheng Hao","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This letter presents a 256-element ultra-wideband active phased array tile spanning 3–15 GHz. The array employs Vivaldi antennas arranged in a triangular lattice, optimizing the T/R module count. The ultra-wideband T/R module, based on system-in-package (SiP) technology, integrates power amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers, and multifunctional chips. A prototype was fabricated and measured, with the active layer, including T/R modules, having a thickness of just 8.4 mm. Measured results show a scanning range of ±60° at 10 GHz, ±15° at 13 GHz, and ±5° at 15 GHz, with an instantaneous bandwidth of 1.0 GHz. The prototype achieves 49 dB W EIRP and 1.3 dB/K <i>G</i>/<i>T</i> at 10 GHz, and 5.21% EVM for a 64-QAM modulated signal. These results establish the array as a viable solution for cost-effective, scalable, ultra-wideband multi-functional RF sensor systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A low-complexity block EP-based detector for iterative detection and decoding in unsourced random access
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70143
Jinyang Chen, Renhui Xu, Xiaonan Cui, Laixian Peng, Wendong Zhao, Jinwei Wang
{"title":"A low-complexity block EP-based detector for iterative detection and decoding in unsourced random access","authors":"Jinyang Chen,&nbsp;Renhui Xu,&nbsp;Xiaonan Cui,&nbsp;Laixian Peng,&nbsp;Wendong Zhao,&nbsp;Jinwei Wang","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Here, a multi-user signal iterative detection and decoding scheme named LBEP based on block expectation propagation (BEP) is proposed for LDPC-coded two-phase unsourced random access (URA) scheme. In the iterative process, the approximation of matrix inversion is used to facilitate expectation propagation (EP). In addition, this idea is also applied to the double EP (DEP) scheme. The simulation results show that, in the two-phase URA scheme, the performance of the proposed LBEP scheme is similar to the BEP scheme for LDPC codes, but the complexity of the receiver is greatly reduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coherent CW THz generation with a coupled-cavity mini-array VCSEL
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70146
Yinghui Hu, Carsten Brenner, Nikolay N. Ledentsov, Nikolay Ledentsov Jr., Vitaly A. Shchukin, Martin R. Hofmann, Markus Lindemann
{"title":"Coherent CW THz generation with a coupled-cavity mini-array VCSEL","authors":"Yinghui Hu,&nbsp;Carsten Brenner,&nbsp;Nikolay N. Ledentsov,&nbsp;Nikolay Ledentsov Jr.,&nbsp;Vitaly A. Shchukin,&nbsp;Martin R. Hofmann,&nbsp;Markus Lindemann","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coupled-cavity mini-array vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are promising laser sources for high-speed data transmission due to their extended intensity modulation frequencies. Here, it is demonstrated for the first time how to use such a 2 × 1 mini-array VCSEL for the photonic generation of CW THz radiation. The emission frequencies of the cavities are tuned via current and provide the beat frequency for the photoconductive antennae. With coherent lock-in detection we measured frequencies up to 300 GHz, making the mini-array VCSEL an extremely simple and low-cost alternative laser source for frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar or spectroscopy systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transfer impedance measurement of shielded cables with mismatched loads 测量带不匹配负载的屏蔽电缆的传输阻抗
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70116
Wenxuan Huang, Bing Li, Chen Wang, Jiayue Xing, Zongfei Zhou
{"title":"Transfer impedance measurement of shielded cables with mismatched loads","authors":"Wenxuan Huang,&nbsp;Bing Li,&nbsp;Chen Wang,&nbsp;Jiayue Xing,&nbsp;Zongfei Zhou","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the growing use of custom shielded cables in advanced electronic systems, evaluation of the transfer impedance of shielded cables with non-standard characteristic impedances is increasingly necessary; however, traditional measurement methods here are limited by the difficulty of obtaining matched loads. This letter presents a method for characterizing the transfer impedance of electrically short shielded cables with an arbitrary characteristic impedance. The proposed method can be used with mismatched loads in the experimental configuration. Validation is performed with cables of known transfer impedance. The presented results closely align with the theoretical formulas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel cylindrical representation of the STFT for signal analysis
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70130
Jacob Gonzalez-Villagomez, Esau Gonzalez-Villagomez, Rene J. R. Mayer, Carlos Rodriguez-Donate, Kanglin Xing
{"title":"Novel cylindrical representation of the STFT for signal analysis","authors":"Jacob Gonzalez-Villagomez,&nbsp;Esau Gonzalez-Villagomez,&nbsp;Rene J. R. Mayer,&nbsp;Carlos Rodriguez-Donate,&nbsp;Kanglin Xing","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The proposal of new signal representation techniques in time-frequency domain can improve the visualization and acquisition of frequency components in various applications. In this sense, this article presents a novel and different representation of the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) spectrogram for signal analysis, based on changing the visualization from a linear to a cylindrical representation by means of a linear transformation. Simulations show that this new representation focuses on the accuracy of the frequency components rather according to the angular position in which they occur; on the other hand it is easier to analyze high-frequency components than those of low frequency. Finally, it is visually easier to identify fixed components along the test in this representation in a wide window STFT analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transparent dual-band wide-angle polarization-insensitive single-layer frequency selective surface for mm-wave 5G communication systems
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70139
Young-Pyo Hong, Sung-il Chung, Pan Kyeom Kim, Dal-Jae Yun, Tae-Weon Kang
{"title":"Transparent dual-band wide-angle polarization-insensitive single-layer frequency selective surface for mm-wave 5G communication systems","authors":"Young-Pyo Hong,&nbsp;Sung-il Chung,&nbsp;Pan Kyeom Kim,&nbsp;Dal-Jae Yun,&nbsp;Tae-Weon Kang","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A highly transparent single-layer frequency selective surface (FSS) with an optical transmittance of 92.7% at 550 nm, designed for 5G communication systems operating in dual frequency bands of 26 and 38 GHz is proposed. The dual-band FSS not only achieves high optical transparency but also maintains good electrical performance. The transmission performance of the FSS is stable to the polarization and angles of incidence for electromagnetic waves. As a proof of concept, the FSS with periodic square loops patterned on a 188-µm-thick substrate is fabricated. Each loop is constructed with metallic mesh electrodes having a pitch of 10 µm. Measurements are conducted using two different systems: a free-space measurement system and a vector network analyser-based material characterization kit. After calibrating the measurement systems, the scattering parameters of the fabricated surface are measured. The results obtained from both measurement systems show good agreement and also agree with the simulated results. The designed surface has an insertion loss of less than 3 dB in the dual passband region. The proposed dual-band FSS has the merits of polarization independence, angular insensitivity, and high transparency.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Joint beamforming and reflection design for IRS-aided co-existing radar and communication
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70140
Qijun Deng, Zhengming Jiang, Min Huang, Weize Sun, Qian Li
{"title":"Joint beamforming and reflection design for IRS-aided co-existing radar and communication","authors":"Qijun Deng,&nbsp;Zhengming Jiang,&nbsp;Min Huang,&nbsp;Weize Sun,&nbsp;Qian Li","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Optimum performance of co-existing radar and communication (CRC) system is a challenging task when target and user exist within a crowded area where path-loss is dominant. Inspired by the application of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) in reconstructing the wireless transmission environment, this paper investigates deploying IRS to the CRC system to pursue performance improvement. Particularly, we consider an IRS-assisted CRC system where the IRS not only provides an indirect communication path but inevitably introduces additional interfering paths. Our goal is to maximize the radar signal-to-interference-plus noise ratio (SINR) by jointly optimizing the transmit beamform and the phase of IRS while satisfying the user SINR, the total transmit power at the radar and base station, the restriction of IRS phaseshift. An efficient alternative optimization algorithm combining the second-order cone programming and semidefinite programming optimization methods is exploited to solve the complicated non-convex unit-norm problem. Simulation results reveal the advantages of deploying IRS in the CRC system and the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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