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Cigarette Quality Problem Prediction Based on WOA-BiLSTM-SPA 基于WOA-BiLSTM-SPA的卷烟质量问题预测
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70292
Zhipeng Niu, Chengyu Lv, Yang Yu, Biao Yu, Lei Zhang, Zhiqiang Fu
{"title":"Cigarette Quality Problem Prediction Based on WOA-BiLSTM-SPA","authors":"Zhipeng Niu,&nbsp;Chengyu Lv,&nbsp;Yang Yu,&nbsp;Biao Yu,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Fu","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70292","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In modern cigarette production, proactive quality prediction is essential for ensuring product consistency and manufacturing efficiency, yet traditional post-occurrence defect detection methods often lead to delays, inefficiencies, and higher costs. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a deep learning framework (WOA-BiLSTM-SPA) integrating the whale optimisation algorithm (WOA), bidirectional long short-term memory networks (BiLSTM), and sparse attention mechanism (SPA) for proactive quality prediction. The methodology first preprocesses production data using correlation analysis and Kalman filtering to enhance reliability, then employs WOA to optimise BiLSTM-SPA's hyperparameters, and finally deploys the model for continuous quality prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that WOA-BiLSTM-SPA outperforms conventional machine learning and deep learning benchmarks, achieving superior performance in both mean squared error (MSE) and coefficient of determination <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>. This framework enables early defect detection, significantly improving production efficiency while reducing costs, and offers potential applications across industrial quality control systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sensor Fusion-Based Autoencoder Feature Distillation for 3D Object Detection 基于传感器融合的自编码器特征提取用于三维目标检测
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70295
Junmin Lee, Wonjun Hwang
{"title":"Sensor Fusion-Based Autoencoder Feature Distillation for 3D Object Detection","authors":"Junmin Lee,&nbsp;Wonjun Hwang","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70295","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Knowledge distillation is a widely adopted model compression method aimed at narrowing the performance gap between a high-capacity teacher network and a lightweight student network. However, in the context of sensor fusion-based 3D object detection, existing distillation methods predominantly emphasize accuracy enhancement through the introduction of multiple loss functions, which often leads to overly complex training procedures. To address this limitation, we propose a sensor fusion-based feature distillation framework tailored for camera and radar modalities. Our proposed method utilizes an autoencoder to facilitate efficient knowledge transfer from the teacher to the student model. Additionally, we introduce image-context and radar-context knowledge distillation strategies to capture and transfer modality-specific features effectively. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on the nuScenes dataset using a ResNet-based architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A 6.6-GHz Dual-Path Reference-Sampling PLL With 139.6-fs RMS Jitter and −75.2-dBc Spur in 28-nm CMOS 具有139.6 fs RMS抖动和−75.2 dbc杂散的2.6 ghz双路参考采样锁相环
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70293
Yanzhe Kang, Hongyu Ren, Zunsong Yang, Yunbo Huang, Kai Cheng, Tianle Chen, Yongzheng Zhan, Zhao Zhang, Jiajun Luo, Bo Li
{"title":"A 6.6-GHz Dual-Path Reference-Sampling PLL With 139.6-fs RMS Jitter and −75.2-dBc Spur in 28-nm CMOS","authors":"Yanzhe Kang,&nbsp;Hongyu Ren,&nbsp;Zunsong Yang,&nbsp;Yunbo Huang,&nbsp;Kai Cheng,&nbsp;Tianle Chen,&nbsp;Yongzheng Zhan,&nbsp;Zhao Zhang,&nbsp;Jiajun Luo,&nbsp;Bo Li","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70293","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a dual-path reference-sampling phase-locked loop (RSPLL) with low RMS jitter, low reference spur, and compact area. To suppress the high in-band phase noise from the G<sub>M</sub>, an octuple-sampling phase detector is used to enhance the phase detection gain. To lower the loop filter area in the conventional single-path type-II RSPLL, a dual-path loop architecture is introduced to greatly reduce the integrating capacitor. In addition, by combining a low-power retimer-less multi-modulus divider and clock generator, the overall power efficiency of the RSPLL is improved. The proposed RSPLL is implemented in a 28-nm CMOS process. With a 100-MHz input reference, the prototype achieves 139.6-fs root-mean-square (RMS) jitter (1 kHz-100 MHz), −75.2-dBc reference spur and −250.5-dB figures-of-merit (FOM).</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Path Planning for Congestion Issues in All-Optical Satellite Networks 全光卫星网络拥塞问题的路径规划
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70288
Zhenhua Zhang, Siyue Sun, Jinpei Yu, Gaosai Liu, Xinglong Jiang, Guang Liang
{"title":"Path Planning for Congestion Issues in All-Optical Satellite Networks","authors":"Zhenhua Zhang,&nbsp;Siyue Sun,&nbsp;Jinpei Yu,&nbsp;Gaosai Liu,&nbsp;Xinglong Jiang,&nbsp;Guang Liang","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70288","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, there has been a global surge in research, development, and deployment of satellite internet, leading to the rapid advancement of low-Earth orbit satellite communication constellations. To meet the growing demands of satellite communications, these constellations have incorporated inter-satellite laser links to enhance communication capacity. This paper explores the single-wavelength all-optical satellite network architecture, with a particular focus on addressing congestion issues in these networks. Accordingly, it proposes path planning algorithms and strategies to effectively mitigate these challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spatio-Temporal Missing Data Imputation With Cross Modality in HCPSs 基于交叉模态的hcps时空缺失数据输入
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70283
Junchi He, Tian Tian, Yingjiang Zhou, Xiaolu Liu, Mengli Wei
{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Missing Data Imputation With Cross Modality in HCPSs","authors":"Junchi He,&nbsp;Tian Tian,&nbsp;Yingjiang Zhou,&nbsp;Xiaolu Liu,&nbsp;Mengli Wei","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70283","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Time-series data missing is a common problem, which often happens with irregular sampling in sensor device failure in human-cyber-physical systems (HCPSs). The generation of networked time-series data is conducive to achieving real-time perception in HCPSs. Many methods exist for imputing random or non-random missing data, but their accuracy is often inadequate at high missing rates. We propose a cross-modality approach using dense spatio-temporal transformer networks (DSTTN) to impute high-rate missing data in time series. The DSTTN merges the spatio-temporal modal data by cross-modality data fusion technique, and then constructs an end-to-end transformer pipeline with dense skip connections to recover the corrupted data accurately. We have conducted many comparative experiments to assess DSTTN imputation performance in the MAR and missing not at random (MNAR). Cross-modality data fusion offers a new solution for complete data missing, a specific case of MNAR. Furthermore, we also compare and analyse the various recent models, and the particularities between them. Based on the comparative analysis, the application value and working conditions of the DSTTN are demonstrated in detail by the results of rich experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Switched-Capacitor Single-Inductor Multiple-Output Dual-Path Hybrid DC–DC Converter With Path-Sharing Technique
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70240
Yang Li, Mo Huang, Rui P. Martins, Yan Lu
{"title":"A Switched-Capacitor Single-Inductor Multiple-Output Dual-Path Hybrid DC–DC Converter With Path-Sharing Technique","authors":"Yang Li,&nbsp;Mo Huang,&nbsp;Rui P. Martins,&nbsp;Yan Lu","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70240","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Single-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) DC–DC converters face the challenges of large inductor current, discontinuous charge to each output and poor self-regulation. This design proposes a switched-capacitor SIMO dual-path hybrid converter that can reduce the inductor volume and output ripple by taking the advantages of hybrid dual-path structure. The proposed path-sharing topology improves the transient response of the in-transient channel. This work, designed in a 0.18-µm BCD process, reveals in the simulation that the cross-regulation is 20 mV/A and the self-regulation is 87 mV/A with a 1A load step. The simulated peak efficiency is 94.3% and maximum output ripple is 24 mV.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gate Recess Depth-Dependent Performance Variations in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Induced by Packaging 封装诱导的AlGaN/GaN hemt栅极凹槽深度相关性能变化
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70282
Junhyung Kim, Junhyung Jeong, Gyejung Lee, Kyujun Cho, Jong Yul Park, Byoung-Gue Min, Jong-Min Lee, Woojin Chang, Hong-Gu Ji, Dong-Min Kang
{"title":"Gate Recess Depth-Dependent Performance Variations in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Induced by Packaging","authors":"Junhyung Kim,&nbsp;Junhyung Jeong,&nbsp;Gyejung Lee,&nbsp;Kyujun Cho,&nbsp;Jong Yul Park,&nbsp;Byoung-Gue Min,&nbsp;Jong-Min Lee,&nbsp;Woojin Chang,&nbsp;Hong-Gu Ji,&nbsp;Dong-Min Kang","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70282","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the effect of gate recess depth on the electrical and RF performance of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) before and after die-attach. Devices with greater recess depths exhibited notably larger improvements in transconductance and RF metrics (f<sub>t</sub>, f<sub>max</sub>) due to mechanical and thermal stresses induced by packaging, which partially mitigated damage caused by recess etching. However, these recessed devices simultaneously showed substantial increases in gate and drain leakage currents due to activation of interface traps, highlighting the complex trade-off effects introduced by deep recess structures and packaging processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Indoor 5G Differential Positioning With Audio Constraints 具有音频约束的室内5G差分定位
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70285
Zhanghai Ju, Liang Chen
{"title":"Indoor 5G Differential Positioning With Audio Constraints","authors":"Zhanghai Ju,&nbsp;Liang Chen","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70285","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Three-dimensional positioning in large indoor environments poses a significant challenge for achieving high-precision 5G positioning. This letter proposes an indoor 5G differential positioning solution, which is constrained by the ranging measurements from a low-cost audio anchor. The method first eliminates receiver and 5G base station clock biases using double-differenced 5G time of arrival (ToA) and carrier phase observations. It then incorporates a single high-precision audio range measurement. Extended Kalman filtering is employed to estimate the float solution, followed by a ratio test to validate the resolution of the ambiguity and obtain the fixed solution. When the 5G ToA accuracy is 0.4 m, the proposed method improves positioning accuracy by 44.4% under static conditions and 29.2% under dynamic conditions compared to using five 5G base stations, achieving a positioning accuracy of approximately 0.10 and 0.17 meters, respectively. Our findings further demonstrate that the audio constraints facilitate 5G carrier phase ambiguity resolution, thereby accelerating positioning convergence. This letter presents a comprehensive analysis of how high-precision audio ranging significantly enhances the accuracy and ambiguity resolution of 5G carrier differential positioning, thereby offering a novel approach to indoor positioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Edge-Assisted Adaptive Heterogeneous Resource Allocation Optimization for Large-Scale Live Video Analytics 面向大规模实时视频分析的边缘辅助自适应异构资源分配优化
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70287
Jing Chen, Jia Chen, Xu Huang, Qi Liu, Meng Song, Hongke Zhang
{"title":"Edge-Assisted Adaptive Heterogeneous Resource Allocation Optimization for Large-Scale Live Video Analytics","authors":"Jing Chen,&nbsp;Jia Chen,&nbsp;Xu Huang,&nbsp;Qi Liu,&nbsp;Meng Song,&nbsp;Hongke Zhang","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70287","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This letter proposes an edge-assisted adaptive heterogeneous resource allocation scheme based on atomic service chain (ASC) to jointly optimize adaptability for users, flexibility for networks, and profitability for providers. Particularly, we build an edge-AI integrated computing power paradigm that integrates awareness, forwarding, storage, computing and processing capabilities. Moreover, we formulate the heterogeneous resource allocation problem into a non-linear non-convex integer optimization problem and propose an edge-AI integrated ASC-based resource allocation approach for large-scale live video analytics to maximize average network utility with QoS support and minimize network congestion while considering the profitability. Experimental results demonstrate that the designed edge-assisted ASC-based adaptive heterogeneous resource allocation approach outperforms the monolithic model-based scheme.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Fusion of ReLU and upSample Function With Store in VTA for Higher Throughput of Network Inferencing VTA中ReLU和upSample函数与Store的融合提高了网络推理的吞吐量
IF 0.7 4区 工程技术
Electronics Letters Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1049/ell2.70284
Dong Gou, Zheng He, Yinghai Zhao, Xuhui Wang, Yanshuo Gao, Guohe Zhang, Kuizhi Mei
{"title":"A Fusion of ReLU and upSample Function With Store in VTA for Higher Throughput of Network Inferencing","authors":"Dong Gou,&nbsp;Zheng He,&nbsp;Yinghai Zhao,&nbsp;Xuhui Wang,&nbsp;Yanshuo Gao,&nbsp;Guohe Zhang,&nbsp;Kuizhi Mei","doi":"10.1049/ell2.70284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.70284","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The TVM–versatile tensor accelerator (VTA) stack combines hardware–software co-design with operator-level optimizations but relies on ARM processors for auxiliary functions like ReLU and upSample, causing data-transfer bottlenecks and inefficiencies. To address this, we propose fusion VTA (FVTA), integrating ReLU and upSample into the RTL-based Store module with a newly designed instruction set and lightweight C++ runtime. This ensures seamless compatibility with existing VTA modules and eliminates ARM dependence. Evaluated on YOLOv3 with a Xilinx ZCU104 board, FVTA achieves a 195 ms frame processing time for 256 × 256 RGB images—4% faster than EVTA. This work highlights how combining the flexible TVM–VTA stack with optimized circuit-level design can significantly enhance inference efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":11556,"journal":{"name":"Electronics Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/ell2.70284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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