Ecotoxicology最新文献

{"title":"Mercury concentrations in Seaside Sparrows and Marsh Rice Rats differ across the Mississippi River Estuary.","authors":"Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Allyson K Jackson, Collin A Eagles-Smith, Sydney Moyo, Anna A Pérez-Umphrey, Michael J Polito, Allison M Snider, S Tyler Williams, Stefan Woltmann, Philip C Stouffer, Sabrina S Taylor","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02789-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-024-02789-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mercury (Hg) concentrations and their associated toxicological effects in terrestrial ecosystems of the Gulf of Mexico are largely unknown. Compounding this uncertainty, a large input of organic matter from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill may have altered Hg cycling and bioaccumulation dynamics. To test this idea, we quantified blood concentrations of total mercury (THg) in Seaside Sparrows (Ammospiza maritima) and Marsh Rice Rats (Oryzomys palustris) in marshes west and east of the Mississippi River in 2015 and 2016. We also tested for a difference in THg concentrations between oiled and non-oiled sites. To address the potential confounding effect of diet variation on Hg transfer, we used stable nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) and carbon (δ¹³C) isotope values as proxies of trophic position and the source of primary production, respectively. Our results revealed that five to six years after the spill, THg concentrations were not higher in sites oiled by the spill compared to non-oiled sites. In both species, THg was higher at sites east of the Mississippi River compared to control and oiled sites, located west. In Seaside Sparrows but not in Marsh Rice Rats, THg increased with δ¹⁵N values, suggesting Hg trophic biomagnification. Overall, even in sites with the most elevated THg, concentrations were generally low. In Seaside Sparrows, THg concentrations were also lower than previously reported in this and other closely related passerines, with only 7% of tested birds exceeding the lowest observed effect concentration associated with toxic effects across bird species (0.2 µg/g ww). The factors associated with geographic heterogeneity in Hg exposure remain uncertain. Clarification could inform risk assessment and future restoration and management actions in a region facing vast anthropogenic changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"959-971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141757796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative effects of cigarette butt leachate on freshwater phytoplankton communities.","authors":"Natália Popiorek Dos Santos, Maria Gabrielle Rodrigues Maciel, Pablo Santos Guimarães, Claudio Rossano Trindade Trindade, Fabiana Schneck","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02787-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-024-02787-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We experimentally tested the effects of different concentrations of cigarette butt leachate on freshwater phytoplankton chlorophyll-a, species richness, cell density, and community composition. For this, we sampled the phytoplankton from a eutrophic lake and acclimated it for 24 h in microcosms. We then conducted the experiment in microcosms maintained for 96 h. The experiment consisted of four treatments: control and leachate from 1 butt L^-1 (T1), 5 butts L^-1 (T5), and 10 butts L^-1 (T10), which were prepared by diluting a stock solution of leachate from 50 butts L^-1. We found that algal chlorophyll-a content was not affected by different leachate concentrations. In contrast, phytoplankton cell density decreased in a dose-dependent manner as concentrations of the leachate increased. Similarly, the number of species was highest in the control group relative to all other treatments, with T1 and T5 showing higher species richness than T10. Additionally, the exposition to different concentrations of the leachate impacted community composition across all treatments in comparison to the control group. Our results suggest that cigarette butt leachate alters the number of cells and species, as well as the distribution of abundance, without necessarily reducing chlorophyll-a concentrations. Our findings indicate that to gain a comprehensive understanding of the effects of cigarette butt leachate on freshwater ecosystems, it is essential to evaluate more realistic scenarios that incorporate aquatic communities, rather than isolated species.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"884-892"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil urease functional stability to Hg pollution: An ecotoxicological perspective.","authors":"Hui Huang, Haixia Tian, Yan Li, Ziquan Wang, Tiantian Yang, Rui Qian, Mallavarapu Megharaj, Wenxiang He","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02782-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-024-02782-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mercury (Hg) is a persistent soil pollutant, and its toxicity can be evaluated using soil enzyme indicators. However, a thorough understanding of how the enzyme resists and remains resilient to Hg stress is essential, as it significantly impacts the accuracy of toxicity assessments. Therefore, it is worthwhile to understand the functional stability of urease in soil under Hg pollution. This study compares the effects of Hg at different concentrations and exposure times on soil urease. Results indicate that soil urease activity was enhanced in the first two hours under low levels of Hg pollution, decreased after six hours of acute Hg pollution, and reached its maximum reduction in 24 hours. The urease in fluvo-aquic soil, with higher soil organic matter showed higher resistance to Hg acute pollution than that in red soil. Over a longer aging process, soil urease activity gradually recovered with time. Hormesis effects were observed in red soil under high Hg stress after 30 days, showing the strong resilience of urease enzyme function to Hg pollution. The ecological dose, ED₁₀, (the Hg concentration causing a 10% reduction in soil urease activity) ranged from 0.09 to 0.59 mg kg^-1 under short-term exposure, and was lower than that under a longer aging process (0.28 to 2.71 mg kg^-1). Further, aging reduced the Hg ecotoxicity due to decreased Hg availability and the resilience of soil urease activity. This indicates that the risk of Hg pollution estimated by soil urease as an indicator depends on exposure time and enzyme stability. These factors need consideration in heavy metal pollution assessments using soil enzymes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"839-848"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of insect cell line Sf21 for ecotoxicity testing.","authors":"Trevor Grigg, Richard D Handy, Richard A Billington","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02781-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-024-02781-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insect cell lines are finding utility in many areas of biology, but their application as an in vitro tool for ecotoxicity testing has been given less attention. Our study aimed to demonstrate the utility and sensitivity of Sf21 cells to commonly used fungicides: Propiconazole and CuSO₄, as well as dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) an industrial solvent. Sf21 cells were readily cultured from frozen stocks in 3-4 days and showed utility as an invertebrate in vitro acute toxicity test. The data showed the threshold levels of cell survivability against propiconazole and CuSO₄. The EC₅₀ values were 135.1 μM and 3.31 mM respectively. The LOAEL (lowest observed adverse effect level) was ≈ 1 μM for propiconazole and ≈ 10 μM for CuSO₄. Culturing of Sf21 cells in media containing the solvent DMSO showed that 0.5% DMSO concentration did not effect cell viability. Sf21 cells are sensitive and useful as a robust ecologically relevant screening tool for acute toxicity testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"831-838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11399169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of arsenite and arsenate on Sarcodia suae: a tale of two toxicities.","authors":"Yuh Tzean, Kuang-Teng Wang, Po-Yi Lee, Tsung-Meng Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02793-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-024-02793-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inorganic arsenic (iAs), which predominantly occurs as arsenite (As³⁺) and arsenate (As⁵⁺) in natural water, is primarily accumulated by seaweed in marine environments. However, the detailed mechanisms through which As³⁺ and As⁵⁺ affect the physiological processes of these organisms remain largely unknown. This study focused on evaluating the toxicological effects of As³⁺ and As⁵⁺ on the seaweed Sarcodia suae. Exposure to As³⁺ and As⁵⁺ resulted in IC₅₀ values of 401.5 ± 9.4 μg L^-1 and 975.8 ± 13 μg L^-1, respectively. Morphological alterations and a reduction in phycoerythrin content were observed, particularly under As³⁺ exposure, with increased lipid peroxidation as evidenced by higher malondialdehyde levels. Exposure to As³⁺ also elevated the production of superoxide radicals, while decreasing hydrogen peroxide levels specifically in the presence of As³⁺. The induction of antioxidative enzyme activities, namely superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and ascorbate peroxidase was observed, signaling an adaptive response to iAs-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, levels of the antioxidants ascorbate and glutathione were elevated post-exposure, especially in response to As³⁺. Additionally, bioaccumulation of arsenic was significantly higher in the As³⁺ compared to As⁵⁺. Collectively, the data suggest that As³⁺ imposes greater adverse effects and oxidative stress to S. suae, which responds by adjusting its antioxidative defense mechanisms to mitigate oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"937-947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nitrogen-sulfur ratio of acid rain modulates the leaf- and root-mediated co-allelopathy of Solidago canadensis.","authors":"Chuang Li, Yue Li, Zhelun Xu, Yingsheng Liu, Shanshan Zhong, Congyan Wang, Daolin Du","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02788-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-024-02788-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The majority of allelopathic studies on invasive plants have focused primarily on their leaf-mediated allelopathy, with relatively little attention paid to their root-mediated allelopathy, especially co-allelopathy mediated by both leaves and roots. It is conceivable that the diversified composition of acid rain may influence the allelopathy of invasive plants. This study aimed to evaluate the leaf and root-mediated co-allelopathy of the invasive plant Solidago canadensis L. under acid rain with different nitrogen-sulfur ratios (N/S) on Lactuca sativa L. via a hydroponic incubation. The root-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis was found to be more pronounced than the leaf-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis with nitric acid at pH 4.5, but the leaf-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis was observed to be more pronounced than the root-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis with sulfuric-rich acid at pH 4.5. The leaf and root-mediated co-allelopathy of S. canadensis was more pronounced than that of either part alone with sulfuric acid at pH 5.6 and nitric acid at pH 4.5, but not with nitric-rich acid at pH 4.5 and sulfuric-rich acid at pH 4.5. Sulfuric acid and sulfuric-rich acid with stronger acidity intensified the leaf-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis. Nitric acid and nitric-rich acid attenuated the leaf-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis, and most types of acid rain (especially nitric acid and nitric-rich acid) also attenuated the root-mediated allelopathy of S. canadensis and the leaf and root-mediated co-allelopathy of S. canadensis. Sulfuric acid and sulfuric-rich acid produced a more pronounced effect than nitric acid and nitric-rich acid. Hence, the N/S ratio of acid rain influenced the allelopathy of S. canadensis under acid rain with multiple N/S ratios.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"893-904"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of predation and pesticides in shaping phytoplankton dynamics in a short microcosms experiment","authors":"Suzie Kuyet Zaky, María Florencia Gutierrez, Diego Frau","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02805-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-024-02805-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquatic organisms are subject to various forcing factors that affect their structure, some of which are natural, while others result from human activities, both having variable effects. This study aimed to determine the importance of a natural stressor (zooplankton) and an herbicide (atrazine) on phytoplankton density and morphological composition in a microcosm experiment. A natural phytoplankton assemblage was exposed to two zooplankton predators: a copepod (<i>Argyrodiaptomus falcifer</i>) and a cladoceran (<i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i>), and to atrazine (27 µg L⁻¹), in three combinations of factors (zooplankton treatments (Z), atrazine treatment (A), the combination of both (ZA)) plus a Control. The experiment lasted 48 h. Samples were taken at the beginning and the end of the experiment, and relevant limnological variables, including inorganic nutrient concentrations, were considered. Results indicated differences in phytoplankton densities when treatments were compared with Control. In this respect, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Bacillariophyceae exhibited more changes than other phytoplankton classes. Chlorophyceae densities tended to be higher in the Control than in the treatments; the combination of zooplankton and atrazine favored Euglenophyceae, while atrazine favored Bacillariophyceae densities. Regarding morphological groups, unicellular and small colonies (&lt;35 µm), showed differences between the Control and particularly with Z treatment, colonial-cenobia forms were negatively affected by atrazine and silica forms were favored by both stressors combined. It is concluded that interactions among natural and anthropogenic stressors could be complex, influencing factors such as phytoplankton taxonomical affinities, morphological groups, and the nature of the stressor applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to some non-target freshwater organisms: which one is more toxic—technical grade or commercial formulation?","authors":"Rajib Majumder","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02806-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-024-02806-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chlorpyrifos is among the most widely sold organophosphates in the agriculture sector worldwide. Static bioassays were performed in the laboratory to compare the acute toxicity between the technical grade (94% a.i.) and commercial formulation (20% EC) of chlorpyrifos to four freshwater organisms: the crustacean zooplankton <i>Cyclops viridis</i>, the oligochaete worm <i>Branchiura sowerbyi</i>, the gastropod <i>Pila globosa</i>, and tadpole larvae of <i>Duttaphrynus melanostictus</i>. The recovery of actual chlorpyrifos concentrations in water after 2 h of exposure to the nominal concentrations ranged from 82.98% to 88.56%. The commercial formulation (F) of chlorpyrifos was found to be 1.94 to 2.76 times more toxic than the technical grade (T). Based on 96 h LC₅₀ values of T and F chlorpyrifos, <i>C. viridis</i> was found to be most sensitive (0.56 and 0.25 μg/L) and <i>P. globosa</i> as most tolerant (1482 and 536 μg/L) to chlorpyrifos. Changes in LC₅₀ values of both T and F chlorpyrifos were noted in respect of exposure hours for the three aquatic invertebrates and the tadpole larvae of the toad. In conclusion, the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to some non-target freshwater organisms differs between technical grade and commercial formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity of selected pharmaceuticals and their mixtures to the aquatic indicators Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri","authors":"José R. Montiel-Mora, Michael Méndez-Rivera, Didier Ramírez-Morales, Juan Carlos Cambronero-Heinrichs, Carlos E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02798-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-024-02798-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the benefits derived from the use of pharmaceuticals, these compounds are currently considered contaminants of emerging concern because of their presence and persistence in the environment. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of 27 pharmaceuticals and the interaction effects of binary mixtures of selected compounds towards two model organisms: the microcrustacean <i>Daphnia magna</i> and the bacterium <i>Aliivibrio fischeri</i> (Microtox test). Six compounds, namely polymyxin B, polymyxin E, fluoxetine, diphenhydramine, clenbuterol and ketoprofen exhibited moderate toxicity towards <i>D. magna</i>. Additionally, three compounds (cefotaxime, polymyxin B, polymyxin E) also showed a moderate toxic effect on <i>A. fischeri</i>. The comparison of such results with model estimations showed inaccuracy in the predicted data, highlighting the relevance of experimental ecotoxicological assays. The assayed mixtures contained four selected drugs of high-hazard according to their reported concentrations in wastewater and surface water (diphenhydramine, trimethoprim, ketoprofen, and fluoxetine); data revealed interactions only in the fluoxetine-containing mixtures for <i>D. magna</i>, while all mixtures showed interactions (mostly synergistic) for Microtox. Chronic effects on the reproduction of <i>D. magna</i> were observed after exposure to fluoxetine and diphenhydramine, although higher sensitivity was determined for the latter, while the mixture of these compounds (which showed acute synergy in both models) also affected the reproduction patterns. Nonetheless, all the effects described at the acute or chronic level (for individual compounds or mixtures) were determined at concentrations higher than commonly reported at environmental levels. This work provides valuable ecotoxicological information for the risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and their mixtures in the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated herbicide drift alters native plant flowering phenology","authors":"David Olszyk, Thomas Pfleeger, Tamotsu Shiroyama, Matthew Blakeley-Smith, E. Henry Lee, M. S. Nash, Milton Plocher","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02795-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-024-02795-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Data for herbicide effects on plant flowering are needed to determine potential impacts on plant reproduction. Thus, flowering phenology was determined for up to 12 weeks after herbicide treatment for native Willamette Valley plants growing in small plots on two Oregon State University experimental farms. Six perennial species were evaluated: <i>Camassia leichtlinii</i> (CALE), <i>Elymus glaucus</i> (ELGL), <i>Eriophyllum lanatum</i> (ERLA), <i>Festuca idahoensis</i> subsp<i>. roemeri</i> (FEID), <i>Iris tenax</i> (IRTE), and <i>Prunella vulgaris</i> var. <i>lanceolata</i> (PRVU). Effects of glyphosate and dicamba, alone and in combination, were determined using simulated drift rates of 0.1 or 0.2 x field application rates (FAR) of 1119 g ha⁻¹ active ingredient (a.i.) (830 g ha⁻¹ acid glyphosate) for glyphosate and 560 g ha⁻¹ a.i. for dicamba. Flowering phenology was evaluated as stage of development on a scale from no buds (converted to 0), buds (1), pre-flowering (2), flowering (3), post-flowering (4), to mature seeds (5) before herbicide treatment and for 12 weeks after treatment. Flowering response to herbicides varied by species and farm; but, in general, dicamba and glyphosate resulted in earlier flowering stages (delayed or not full flowering) for the dicot ERLA, and to a lesser extent, PRVU; and glyphosate resulted in earlier flowering stages for the monocot IRTE. Based on these data, the concentration of herbicide affecting flowering stage was 0.1 x FAR. Once flowering stage was inhibited by dicamba and glyphosate, plants generally did not recover to full flowering. This study provided evidence that common herbicides can affect flowering phenology of native plants with implications for seed production.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142208170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}