Ecological Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Impact of morphological change of a regulated gravel-bed river on downstream fish habitat following a flood","authors":"Jiyeon Jang ,&nbsp;Byungwoong Choi ,&nbsp;Sung-Uk Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global climate change has led to recurring severe floods and droughts. Severe floods can alter the extent of river morphology, which is crucial to the river ecosystem. Morphological changes in rivers have been largely overlooked in conventional assessments of fish habitats. This study presents physical habitat simulations to investigate the impact of morphological change after a flood on fish habitats in a regulated river, using a hydro-morphodynamic model. The study reach is a 12.8 km long gravel-bed reach in the Geum-gang River, Korea. It consists of a series of bends, located downstream of the Yongdam Dam. For the physical habitat simulations, the most dominant and endemic fish species was selected as the target fish. The HEC-RAS 1D model and habitat suitability curves were used for hydro-morphodynamic and habitat simulations, respectively. The hydro-morphodynamic simulation provides information on changes in river morphology and substrate, as well as flow depth and velocity. The physical habitat simulation reveals that the quality of physical habitats for the target fish deteriorates after the flood due to increased water depth, which is associated with erosion along the study reach. This study demonstrates the potential of hydro-morphodynamic simulation for designing a sediment replenishment scheme to restore fish habitat downstream of dams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107863"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145659055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing challenges in marine algal restoration: Lessons learned from 3D-printed structures on artificial reefs","authors":"Jacopo Cimini ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Meroni ,&nbsp;Mariachiara Chiantore ,&nbsp;Paolo Albicini ,&nbsp;Claudia Pezzilli ,&nbsp;Fulvia Melis ,&nbsp;Marc García-Durán Huet ,&nbsp;Laura Busquier ,&nbsp;Jayant Khanuja ,&nbsp;Sergio Rossi ,&nbsp;Nadia Fani ,&nbsp;Jan Andries Koopmans ,&nbsp;Valentina Asnaghi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the last three decades, an increasing number of man-made marine hard defence structures have been built as a rapid and cost-effective means of coastal protection. The idea of integrating ecological principles into urban infrastructures is relatively new and challenging. Using coastal structures to host endangered species holds a significant promise for biodiversity conservation in coastal cities worldwide. Nevertheless, marine infrastructures provide unconventional substrates for benthic communities due to a lack of surface complexity, orientation, exposure, structure, and texture, affecting the recruitment, survival, and growth of organisms.</div><div>The main goal of the present study is to identify the best material and shape to enhance the attachment and growth of macroalgal forests (<em>i.e. Ericaria amentacea</em>) in such unconventional substrates, in order to investigate the potential of restoration on man-made defence structures applying the <em>ex-situ</em> restoration technique (outplanting of germlings cultured on tiles in the laboratory). The study area is located inside the partial protection zone of the Portofino Marine Protected Area (Liguria, Italy). In 2018, this area was strongly affected by a huge sea storm (Vaia storm) which boosted the construction of a protective breakwater. Specifically designed 3D-printed structures made of different sustainable materials (aragonite and beachsand) were used as supports for <em>E. amentacea</em> growing.</div><div>Beachsand-based 3D-printed structures outperform aragonite in supporting <em>E. amentacea</em> growth, both in terms of thallus length and percent cover. They also performed better than clay, the material commonly used for macroalgae <em>ex-situ</em> restoration on natural reefs. This material also supported long-term efficient cultures (over 30 % cover after 16 weeks in culture), boosting restoration success. Unfortunately, the deployment in the field was not possible due to fixing inconveniences, thus assessing restoration efficacy in the field remains a challenge for future studies. Aligning with the EU Nature Restoration Law requirements, our study is a step forward to the development of innovative, nature-based solutions for mitigating anthropogenic impacts on marine artificial ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107885"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydraulic characteristics of short-distance fishway and their influence on fish upstream migration behavior","authors":"Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Liwei Tan ,&nbsp;Xianbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuan Che ,&nbsp;Ziyue Zhu ,&nbsp;Geng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fishways are essential infrastructure for restoring river connectivity, yet their performance is often limited by the low passage efficiency. In this study, we designed a novel short-distance fishway (SF) and applied Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze its hydrodynamic characteristics. Fishway experiments, combined with image recognition techniques, were conducted to investigate fish swimming behavior within the passage. The results showed that SF effectively reduces flow velocity through water-body collision, achieving higher energy dissipation efficiency compared to traditional vertical-slot fishway (VSF) that rely on wall-induced recirculation. Furthermore, we found fish ascend the passage by alternating between bursting and gliding along an approximately linear swimming trajectory, utilizing zones of low velocity and turbulence at the rear edge of the flow split for intermittent resting. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of fish locomotion in artificial flow conditions and highlights the ecological potential of SF as an effective solution for restoring river connectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107889"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying supply and demand relationships of ecological products provides insights for environmental management","authors":"Yuhan Huang ,&nbsp;Jun Ren ,&nbsp;Yuan Yuan ,&nbsp;Rongrong Ma ,&nbsp;Wei Zhou ,&nbsp;Yingui Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of industrialization and urbanization exerts a significant influence on the balance between the supply and demand of ecological products (EPs), while the enhancement of human well-being faces severe challenges. In this study, Qinghai Province, situated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, was divided into five ecological plates: the Three-River-Source, Qaidam Basin, Qilian Mountains, Pan-Gonghe Basin, and Hehuang Valley. Based on exploratory spatial data analysis, we first assessed the supply and demand of EPs from 2000 to 2020, encompassing food production (FP), water conservation (WC), carbon sequestration (CS), soil retention (SR), and outdoor recreation (OR). Then, we constructed the ecological products supply-demand index (EPSDI) and analyzed its spatiotemporal matching and agglomeration characteristics. Finally, we revealed the spatiotemporal evolutionary differences in EPs supply and demand across different ecological plates. The results indicated that (1) Both the supply and demand of EPs showed an upward trend, with their spatial distribution exhibiting a pattern of being higher in the east and lower in the west. High-value areas of EPs were primarily distributed in the Hehuang Valley—where farmland is abundant, populations are dense, and urban development is concentrated—and in the Three-River-Source, Pan-Gonghe Basin, and Qilian Mountains—where water resources are plentiful and vegetation coverage is high. In contrast, low-value areas were mainly found in the Qaidam Basin, which features a vast area, sparse population, and predominantly arid desert landscapes. (2) The supply-demand indices for FP, WC, and OR displayed upward trends, whereas those for CS and SR showed downward trends. Areas where FP and WC supply exceeded demand tended to contract, while areas experiencing shortages of CS and OR expanded, with most of these shortage areas located in Hehuang Valley. (3) FP, WC, and SR were primarily characterized by a spatial matching pattern of “low supply and low demand”, while CS and OR were dominated by a spatial mismatch pattern of “high supply and low demand”. (4) The spatial agglomeration of EPSDI gradually intensified. With the exception of OR, whose supply-demand index was mainly characterized by low-low agglomeration, all other indices were primarily dominated by high-high agglomeration. This study offers insights for ecological protection and environmental management on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107864"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic assembly and increased beta-diversity driven by turf stripping in alpine grasslands","authors":"Miroslav Zeidler ,&nbsp;Jan Šipoš ,&nbsp;Jan Černohorský ,&nbsp;Marek Banaš","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alpine and subalpine ecosystems in Central Europe represent refugia for cold-adapted and endemic species that have been significantly affected by climate change and atmospheric nitrogen deposition in recent decades. The abandonment of traditional agricultural practices has led to homogenization of plant communities and biodiversity decline. This study evaluates the ecological impacts of two short-term management interventions – repeated mowing and turf stripping - on alpine grassland communities affected by warming and nitrogen enrichment.</div><div>The research was conducted in a Central European mountain range on 30 plots divided into three groups: mowing (10 plots), turf stripping (10 plots), and control plots (10 plots). Mowing was conducted annually from 2018 to 2022, while turf stripping was performed once in 2018. Vegetation species composition was assessed in 2017, 2019, 2021, and 2023. Soil and biomass were analysed, alpha and beta diversity were measured, and community assembly mechanisms were studied using null-model approaches.</div><div>Turf stripping significantly decreased alpha diversity while markedly increasing beta diversity. In contrast, five years of annual mowing had no significant effect on species richness or beta diversity. The analysis revealed that stochastic community assembly processes dominated in turf stripping plots, while deterministic processes prevailed in mowing plots. The thickness of the humus layer emerged as a key factor influencing species richness.</div><div>The study demonstrated that neither extensive mowing nor one-time turf stripping represents an ideal strategy for rapidly restoring environmental conditions and increasing alpha diversity in long-term unmanaged alpine grasslands. Annual mowing over five years was insufficient in both intensity and duration, while turf stripping substantially altered community structure but recovery was limited to a small number of common plant species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107865"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riparian ecosystem service supply–demand matching and its multi-scale responses to urbanisation","authors":"Zihan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuan Zeng ,&nbsp;Jian Ye ,&nbsp;Yangyang Lu ,&nbsp;Changran Sun ,&nbsp;Guohua Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Riparian zones, critical transitional zones between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, perform indispensable ecological functions in supporting and regulating ecosystem services. However, against the backdrop of ongoing urbanisation, rising demand and limited supply have led to increasingly pronounced mismatches, posing challenges to regional sustainable development. Considering the Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River as a representative area, an analytical framework was developed in this study to assess ecosystem service supply–demand relationships and the level of urbanisation across five spatial scales. Furthermore, the study reveals supply–demand matching patterns and the intensity of multi-scale responses of riparian ecosystem services to urbanisation, identifies key spatial scales, and provides targeted recommendations to balance ecological protection and socio-economic development. The findings of this study revealed the following: (1) significant spatial heterogeneity, with severe deficits in carbon sequestration and food provisioning, forming upstream-surplus/downstream-deficit and peripheral-surplus/central-deficit patterns; (2) a clear scale effect in supply–demand mismatch, showing a ‘decrease–then–increase’ trend in spatial aggregation, primarily driven by urban expansion and land use change; (3) a strong negative correlation between urbanisation and the supply–demand ratio, which intensifies with spatial scale, with HL- and LH-type zones at 10,000 m and district levels showing the strongest responses—critical scales for coordinated development; (4) A three-tier spatial governance model—comprising 10,000 m grids, district boundaries, and 100 m fine-resolution units—is recommended to optimise riparian ecological planning through scale-specific governance strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can phytoremediation effectively restore damaged ecosystems in desert steppe open coal mines? An evaluation based on soil nematodes","authors":"Zhiwei Gao ,&nbsp;Meiqing Jia ,&nbsp;Chaowei Han ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Mi ,&nbsp;Jing Huang ,&nbsp;Guogang Zhang ,&nbsp;Guodong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generally, how ecological restoration projects affect soil in desert steppe open-pit mining areas is not comprehensively evaluated. This study focused on an open-pit coal mine on the Loess Plateau, Inner Mongolia, China, examining soil physicochemical properties and nematode community composition under three treatments: phytoremediation, natural restoration, and a native vegetation treatment. High-throughput sequencing yielded a total of 141,318 soil nematode DNA sequences belonging to 16 genera. Our analysis suggests that the genera <em>Aphelenchoides</em>, <em>Paratylenchus</em>, <em>Tripylina</em>, <em>Oxydirus</em>, <em>Cervidellus</em>, <em>Nothacrobeles</em>, and <em>Acrobeles</em> may be key indicators of nematode communities in ecosystems that have been damaged by open-pit coal mines, as suggested by LEfSe multi-level discriminant analysis. Redundancy analysis indicated that pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter content, total carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate, and ammonium nitrogen may have been key limiting factors in the soil restoration process. Under the phytoremediation treatment, soil physicochemical properties, diversity, community composition, the relative abundances of different trophic groups, and ecological indices were significantly improved relative to natural restoration. Phytoremediation is very likely to offer greater potential for future recovery than natural restoration. This study helps to deepen the understanding of the restoration mechanism of desert steppe mining areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107877"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced nitrogen removal performance of ecological floating islands by immobilized denitrifying bacteria","authors":"Dian Zheng ,&nbsp;Guanlong Yu ,&nbsp;Yameng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Liu ,&nbsp;Yongqi Wang ,&nbsp;Shiyu Chen ,&nbsp;Sili Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excess nitrogen in water bodies can trigger eutrophication, posing a threat to the ecosystem. The treatment of nitrogenous wastewater and removal of nitrogen compounds from water bodies is essential to improve and maintain water quality. To address this issue, the immobilized heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying bacterium <em>Alcaligenes faecalis</em> (<em>A. faecalis</em>) was combined with ecological floating island (EFI) to improve nitrogen removal performance, and the optimal operating conditions were determined. EFI supplemented with immobilized <em>A. faecalis</em> exhibited excellent and stable nitrogen removal capacity, with average removal rates of 89.10 ± 3.65 %, 74.79 ± 8.81 % and 95.44 ± 4.93 % for TN, <span><math><msubsup><mi>NH</mi><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo>−</mo><mi>N</mi></math></span> and <span><math><msubsup><mi>NO</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mo>−</mo><mi>N</mi></math></span> respectively, when the HRT was 3 d and the C/N was 16. The addition of immobilized <em>A. faecalis</em> increased the relative abundance of dominant denitrifying bacteria, especially <em>unclassified_p__Proteobacteria</em>, thereby altering the microbial community structure, improving the denitrification efficiency of the EFI, and facilitating nitrogen removal. In addition, the immobilized <em>A. faecalis</em> could reduce the effects of the nitrogenous wastewater on plants, enabling the nitrogen removal of the EFI. The study suggests that immobilization of <em>A. faecalis</em> is an effective strategy to improve nitrogen removal through EFI-microbial integrated systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107813"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of consolidation through drying on phosphorus stability in marl soils accrued in treatment wetlands","authors":"Kevin A. Grace ,&nbsp;Luke Evans ,&nbsp;Jessica Vaccare ,&nbsp;Nichole Carr ,&nbsp;Odi Villapando ,&nbsp;Jacob Dombrowski","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As soil accumulates in treatment wetlands over time, changes in stability may impact vegetation and water treatment performance. In the Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs) turbid waters are observed in unvegetated regions, raising concerns about soil instability. These areas often contain fluid, unconsolidated marl soils formed by submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), which contrast with the organic soils (Histosols) upon which many STAs were constructed. To assess potential management strategies, we evaluated the effects of drying-induced soil consolidation. Drying temporarily reduced soil volume and increased physical stability (resistance to suspension, measured as water column turbidity after disturbance), but stability after 12 weeks of rehydration was not significantly different from initial pre-drying conditions, casting doubt on long-term benefits. However, drying facilitated rapid Chara germination (within one week) upon rewetting, indicating potential for SAV establishment, which could enhance soil stability and phosphorus (P) retention.</div><div>To assess options to minimize P flux associated with drying, we tested amendments of low-P organic matter (OM) to marl soils and compare to organic soils from emergent aquatic vegetation (EAV) communities. These amendments, when mixed into marl soil, neither enhanced or diminished stability after drying and rehydration, nor altered soil P flux compared to unamended controls. Laboratory experiments without vegetation showed that higher-OM soils typical of EAV communities had greater P flux after drying and were more susceptible to resuspension than marl soils associated with SAV. These findings suggest that managing OM enrichment, particularly by limiting EAV expansion in downstream STA cells may help reduce soil instability and internal soil P flux, thereby supporting STA performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107821"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil constraints and ecological restoration planning for a proposed urban garden on a reclaimed landfill in South Korea","authors":"Byeonggil Choi,&nbsp;GunHyung Kwon,&nbsp;Heesol Chang,&nbsp;Solji Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the physical and chemical properties of the soil at a planned Gyeonggi provincial garden located on a reclaimed landfill site before the garden's construction in Ansan, South Korea. To assess the soil status of Gyeonggi provincial garden for 19 soil variables, we compared it to reference urban parks and urban forests throughout Gyeonggi Province. Multivariate analysis using PERMANOVA and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed clear differences in soil properties among the three land-use types (garden, parks, and forest), with the garden soils showing significantly higher bulk density (1.38 g cm⁻³ vs. 1.20 g cm⁻³ in forests), sand content, pH (8.13 vs. 5.85 in parks), and EC, but lower porosity, organic matter(OM), total nitrogen (TN), and available phosphorus (AP)(<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, environmental vector fitting (envfit) identified six key variables (pH, EC, AP, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and sand content) as primary drivers of soil variation across sites (R² &gt; 0.3, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The soils at the garden site exhibited physical constraints (compaction, low porosity) and chemical limitations (alkalinity, nutrient imbalance) indicative of limited suitability for immediate planting. These results suggested the need for soil remediation strategies before garden construction, including the use of organic amendments and pH management, as well as drainage planning to address localized waterlogging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107843"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}