Ecological Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Application of a dynamic 2D hydraulic model to predict riparian wetland community transitions","authors":"Erin C. Reinkemeyer,&nbsp;Amy T. Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the midwestern United States, large scale changes in river channel hydraulics and floodplain inundation dynamics have resulted from regional agricultural expansion and increased precipitation intensity. Riparian wetlands, i.e. wetlands located within a river's floodplain and hydrologically connected to stream or river channels, are directly exposed to changing inundation conditions due to their location at the dynamic terrestrial-aquatic interface. However, the effects of large scale, dynamic hydraulic changes on local wetland community loss, gain and presence are poorly understood, in part due to difficulties quantifying local inundation conditions. In this research, a dynamic 2D hydraulic model was developed for Locust Creek, a small river in the Midwestern U.S., and simulated continuous inundation depth and duration at a 30 m × 30 m spatial resolution and one-minute time step over a 10-year period. Local maximum values of depth and duration were used to predict wetland community loss, gain and presence. Results were compared to observed riparian wetland vegetation community transitions from two observational surveys. For both bottomland hardwood forest and wet prairie, two wetland communities of importance in this region, local losses were well predicted but local gains were not, indicating inundation is a first order control on loss but other factors must be considered to identify locations of naturally occurring gains. Quantification of hydraulic stressors via easily measured or modeled metrics enhances resource managers' ability to adapt to the changing hydraulic conditions by informing monitoring, sampling, and rehabilitation activities needed to manage wetlands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 107776"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness and drivers of ecological cropland conversion for sustainable land management in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China","authors":"Riping Gao ,&nbsp;Zhihua Pan ,&nbsp;Huanchun Li ,&nbsp;Pengshuai Bi ,&nbsp;Zhanrui Huang ,&nbsp;Fangxiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Liu ,&nbsp;Yupeng Jing ,&nbsp;Jinyu Men ,&nbsp;Na Huang ,&nbsp;Xiao Chen ,&nbsp;Rongdao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecological cropland conversion is the process of transforming unsuitable farmland back to forests, grasslands, water bodies, or wetlands for the purpose of ecological restoration. However, a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness and drivers behind these endeavors remains lacking, especially in transitional zones where agricultural production and ecological protection must be balanced. This study identified the effectiveness of ecological cropland conversion in the Agro-pastoral Ecotone of Northern China (APENC), focusing on ecological land protection, land structure transformation, and contributions to ecosystem services. The Geodetector model was used to analyze the potential driving factors behind these efforts. The results indicate that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, APENC converted approximately 4,578,363.54 ha of non-ecological land into ecological land, with cropland conversion accounting for 91.5 % of the area. (2) Cropland-to-grassland conversion measures demonstrate substantial short-term advantages, accounting for 94.0 % of the total ecological cropland conversion area. (3) During 2000–2020, APENC's ecological cropland conversion increased ecosystem service value by 57.4 billion Chinese Yuan (CNY), with 65.5 % of this increase derived from ecosystem regulation services. (4) Regarding driving forces, human factors, including population, agricultural activities and infrastructure, are crucial in determining the effectiveness of these efforts. However, it is essential to emphasize that the interaction between natural factors and socio-economic and policy-related influences offers a more comprehensive explanation for the spatial variations seen in ecological restoration outcomes. APENC should balance food production and ecological protection, integrating ecological restoration with agricultural development trends, while also systematically advancing the construction of regional ecological protection compensation mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 107773"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full scale performance evaluation of a partial-depth floating fish guidance bar rack","authors":"Halvor Kjærås ,&nbsp;Henrik Baktoft ,&nbsp;Ana T. Silva ,&nbsp;Karl Øystein Gjelland ,&nbsp;Finn Økland ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Maddahi ,&nbsp;Ismail Albayrak ,&nbsp;Leif Lia ,&nbsp;Robert M. Boes ,&nbsp;Torbjørn Forseth","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Migratory fish are commonly hampered or harmed by Hydropower plants (HPP). To mitigate these impacts, protective and guidance structures have been developed. Modified Bar Rack (MBR) systems, tested under laboratorial conditions, have emerged as promising structures to guide migratory fish past HPP intakes. We evaluated the downstream passage and guiding efficiency of a partial depth floating MBR (89 m long x 1,5 m deep, 50 mm bar spacing) at the River Mandal, Norway. Passage efficiency and behavioural responses were examined by tracking 118 Atlantic salmon smolts with 2D and 3D telemetry. Flow dynamics and behavioural observations were combined to relate hydrodynamic conditions to guidance efficiency.</div><div>The installation of the MBR system, combined with a flow reduction at the HPP (to 50 % of the river flow), resulted in a downstream passage efficiency of 72.5 %, representing a 22 percentage point increase compared to predictions with flow reduction alone. Success was limited by the partial-depth design, as some smolts passed beneath the rack. Of the 56 tracked smolts that interacted with the MBR (some descended and passed under), 67 % were guided. Based on smolt depth distribution and behavioural responses, guiding efficiency could be approximated at 76 %, almost matching laboratory results. The relatively high guidance was likely due to the sweeping velocity created by the design of the MBR, that also prevented rack clogging.</div><div>This study provides support for the concept of guiding fish into a migration corridor using an MBR system and presents the first full-scale evaluation of a MBR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 107778"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of legacy sediment removal and floodplain reconnection on hydrochory in urban streams","authors":"Sara Kramer ,&nbsp;Laura Gough ,&nbsp;Vanessa B. Beauchamp","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Riparian plant communities are affected by regional and local processes. Regionally, urbanization and increased impervious surface cover (ISC) amplify propagule pressure from exotic plants and increase streamflow. Locally, increased runoff leads to stream downcutting, disconnecting streams from water tables, reducing overbank flooding, and limiting hydric vegetation on floodplains. Stream restoration efforts, like legacy sediment removal and floodplain reconnection, aim to lower floodplains, slow flows, and enhance nutrient cycling and sediment deposition, potentially boosting hydrochoric seed deposition. We assessed urbanization and restoration effects on hydrochoric seed dispersal in unrestored and restored streams in Baltimore County, Maryland. Restored streams had lower banks, more frequent inundation, and higher abundance and richness of water-dispersed seed than unrestored streams. At high levels of urbanization (&gt; 20 % ISC), watershed ISC was not correlated with hydrochoric seed dispersal or the proportion of exotic seeds dispersed on either unrestored or restored streams, however, watershed ISC was positively correlated with flooding frequency in restored streams. These findings suggest that ISC levels in this study exceed a threshold beyond which their influence on hydrology and exotic seed dispersal diminishes, and that stream restoration alters local conditions but does not mitigate watershed ISC impacts on hydrology. Notably, inundation frequency and subsequent seed deposition were highest on restored streams with bank elevations below 0.5 m, emphasizing the importance of designing low, wide floodplains—an approach that may be challenging in heavily urbanized areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 107777"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden legacies: Investigating buried pre-colonial stream corridors in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, Maryland, USA","authors":"Matthew J. Cashman ,&nbsp;Zach Clifton ,&nbsp;Bryan Landacre ,&nbsp;Christopher E. Bernhardt ,&nbsp;Alex C. Wiedenhoeft ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Victoria","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within the Mid-Atlantic United States, widespread landscape disturbance during European colonization resulted in erosion and subsequent storage of legacy sediments within river valleys and floodplains, altering their form, function, and flora. Previous studies of precolonial river corridors have influenced river restoration designs and targets throughout the region, but the generalizability of these studies into other physiographic settings, such as the Coastal Plain, is unknown. Therefore, our study investigated the physical form and riparian vegetation of pre-colonial stream corridors located within the Coastal Plain of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, documenting changes from pre- to colonial and postcolonial time periods. Our study provides evidence of buried, precolonial riparian ecosystems with dates ranging between 750 years to 8000 years Before Present. These valley bottom ecosystems were likely a dynamic patch mosaic, largely dominated by dense <em>Alnus</em> (alder) scrub swamps with variable Poaceae (grass) and Cyperaceae (sedge) dominated meadows and both multi-threaded and single-threaded channel forms. These precolonial floodplains are buried by vast amounts of legacy sediment to the extent that pre-colonial sediments are largely not exposed in the modern valley bottom. Notably, the Coastal Plain precolonial corridors investigated in this study contrast to studies in the Piedmont physiographic region with precolonial sediments exposed in streambanks and with precolonial ecosystems described as herbaceous stream-wetlands. Our findings provide critical historical context as to the magnitude of alteration for modern stream channels and suggest an alternative precolonial ecosystem which can be used to inform restoration designs, management targets, and reestablishment of channel functional processes in areas of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 107771"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restored oyster reefs function as living shorelines to reduce wave energy in intertidal marshes","authors":"Sarah H. Roney ,&nbsp;Kevin Haas ,&nbsp;Thomas Bliss ,&nbsp;Marc J. Weissburg","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many researchers have turned to “living shorelines” as a solution for coastal erosion, where foundational species such as oyster reefs are used to stabilize shorelines while concurrently restoring ecosystem function. However, few studies quantify the ability of oyster reefs to physically diminish wave energy, especially those constructed with traditional restoration methods in intertidal zones. In May 2023, two oyster reefs were constructed using spat-on-shell in the intertidal Savannah River (Savannah, Georgia, USA) which experiences significant recreational and commercial vessel traffic. Reefs were constructed at mean tidal height 1–2 m from the marsh edge to reduce wave energy as it approached the shoreline. We monitored biological condition (live oyster coverage, size, and abundance) on the reefs for approximately 18 months and quantified the energy flux of waves offshore and onshore of the reef using continuous water pressure measurements. Results indicate that constructed reefs decreased wave energy by up to 40 % compared to non-reef control sites and experienced live oyster coverage of 17–40 % almost 18 months post-deployment. This is one of few studies to quantify the efficacy of oyster reefs at diminishing wave energy in intertidal systems, and the first to do so in Georgia, which has a relatively shallow intertidal system due to its location on the South Atlantic Bight. Using oyster reefs as living shorelines can effectively diminish wave energy approaching marshlands in a river system, suggesting that constructed oyster reefs in coastal areas vulnerable to anthropogenically-caused erosion could potentially mitigate shoreline loss while bolstering oyster restoration efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 107774"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does high-frequency plant harvesting improve phosphorus removal efficiency in constructed wetlands?","authors":"Lihua Cheng ,&nbsp;Shunan Zhang ,&nbsp;Feng Liu ,&nbsp;Shuangtong Lv ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant harvesting is recognized as an effective measure for enhancing phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands; however, excessive plant harvesting can compromise phosphorus removal efficiency. How to optimize plant management strategies, such as adjusting harvesting frequency, to sustain the long-term phosphorus removal efficiency of wetlands remains worth exploring. In this study, <em>Myriophyllum aquaticum</em> was used as the wetland plant, and a one-year experiment was conducted with three treatments: high-frequency harvesting (once every 45 days), low-frequency harvesting (once every 90 days), and no harvesting (control). The results showed no significant difference in the annual average total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency between the low-frequency harvesting treatment (66.44 %) and the control (66.14 %), while the TP removal efficiency in the high-frequency harvesting treatment was only 55.75 %. Although high-frequency harvesting reduced phosphorus removal efficiency, it obviously increased plant phosphorus uptake. The amount of phosphorus removed through the high-frequency and the low-frequency harvesting treatments was 8.21 and 8.82 times higher, respectively, than that in the no harvesting treatment. In addition, plant harvesting can enhance the sediment's phosphorus adsorption capacity, particularly for iron-bound phosphorus and aluminum-bound phosphorus. These findings indicate that while plant harvesting enhances plant phosphorus uptake and sediment phosphorus adsorption capacity, excessive harvesting reduces overall phosphorus removal efficiency in wetlands. Therefore, selecting an appropriate harvesting frequency is of great significance for the long-term operation of constructed wetlands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 107770"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights of a medium-scale hybrid constructed wetland system operation for swine wastewater in Northern Vietnam: Influence of tropical monsoon climate and operational duration","authors":"Nguyen Van Thanh ,&nbsp;Bui Thi Kim Anh ,&nbsp;Nguyen Minh Phuong ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Hoang Ha ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi An Hang ,&nbsp;Ngo Tra Mai ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thanh Binh ,&nbsp;Le Thi Nhi Cong ,&nbsp;Pham Thi Thuy ,&nbsp;Vu Ngoc Toan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aims to evaluate the impact of seasonal weather variations (i.e., temperature, humidity, sunshine duration, wind speed, and rainfall) in a tropical monsoon climate and operational duration on the treatment efficiency of a constructed wetland (CW) system for swine wastewater in Vietnam with a capacity of 150 m³/d during four-year-operation. The CW system consisted of 136-m² and 105-m² horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSFCW) and an 850-m² free-floating plant (FFP). The HSFCW and FFP were planted with common sheet (<em>Phragmites australis</em>) and umbrella sedge (<em>Cyperus involucratus</em>), respectively. Advanced statistical analyses were applied to assess the data, including Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicate that plant growth was robust across all seasons, with optimal growth observed in summer (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The removal efficiency of TSS, COD, and TP was relatively unaffected by temperature, humidity, rainfall, and sunshine duration (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05), whereas TN and NH₄⁺ removal was significantly influenced (<em>r</em> = 0.32–0.72, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). A detailed analysis of individual pollutants showed that TSS removal efficiency did not vary significantly across seasons (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). However, the removal efficiencies of COD, TN, NH₄⁺, and TP exhibited differences between summer and winter, with variations of 3.2 %, 13.6 %, 14.1 %, and 9.3 %, respectively, lower than those observed in cold-climate regions. The relatively small seasonal differences indicate CWs stability and good performance for swine wastewater treatment in tropical monsoon climate regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 107772"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of pathogens at small-scale constructed wetlands under long-term operation","authors":"Amanda Silva Nunes ,&nbsp;Vanessa Moresco ,&nbsp;Karen Isabel Sotero Tavares ,&nbsp;Célia Regina Monte Barardi ,&nbsp;Gislaine Fongaro ,&nbsp;Pablo Heleno Sezerino ,&nbsp;Maria Elisa Magri","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constructed wetlands (CW) have been widely used as an economical and sustainable wastewater treatment technology. Although many studies have shown that CW can effectively reduce organic matter and nutrients, the long-term resilience for reducing pathogens at some level is still understudied. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the reduction of <em>Escherichia coli</em>, Rotavirus, Polyomavirus, Somatic Coliphage, and F-specific RNA bacteriophage by CW. We evaluated four configurations of CW, planted with <em>Typha domingensis</em> and fed with pre-treated municipal wastewater. Samples were collected at the inlet and outlet of each CW during different operational phases over almost 10 years, and the reduction of organic matter, nutrients, bacteria and enteric virus was determined. The reduction values varied between the CW and showed a downward trend throughout the operational phases studied. The HF module proved to be less stable than the other modules analyzed, which was corroborated by the results obtained for the physicochemical parameters. The results of the study suggest that the use of only one type of indicator microorganism may not be appropriate for evaluating pathogens removal in CW. In some cases, it was possible to achieve a reduction of between 3 and 4 logarithmic units, a value that corresponds to the minimum reduction required by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the safe reuse of wastewater in restricted irrigation situations. Water recycling might be facilitated using CW. Depending on the water use purpose and exposure scenarios, our results show that adopting reuse practices with no need to further chemical disinfection can be possible from a health risk perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 107769"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limited effects of control measures on soil recovery eight years after landslides in Northwestern China","authors":"Yiting Guo ,&nbsp;Yinan Liu ,&nbsp;Junyuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiangxia She ,&nbsp;Aopeng Xie ,&nbsp;Jiaying Wang ,&nbsp;Chenghua Shi ,&nbsp;Jian Li ,&nbsp;Yongming Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On July 25, 2013, landslides in Tianshui City, Gansu Province, caused significant property damage. To assess the effects of control measures and forest types on soil properties, we conducted an observational study and analyzed 20 soil physical and chemical properties with four treatments (‘undisturbed', ‘disturbed', ‘plantation’, and ‘natural recovery’), two forest types (broadleaf forest and conifer forest) in 2021. Results showed that ‘plantation’ and ‘natural recovery’ sites in both forest types did not significantly improve soil properties compared to ‘disturbed' sites. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first three components explained 72.16 % of the variation, representing soil recovering phase, soil geochemical background, and organic matter dynamics and physical microstructure. A minimum data set (MDS) including Available potassium (AK), Ferrum (Fe), and Aluminum (Al) was used to calculate the soil quality index (SQI). The SQI value of broadleaf forest was significantly lower than in conifer forest. Contrary to expectation, after eight years of recovery, control measures did not restore soil quality in ‘disturbed' sites, and soil quality remained lower, only reaching 40.3 %–68.7 % of ‘undisturbed' sites. Our work deeply analyzed soil loss induced by landslides, evaluated soil recovery rates under different control measures and forest types, and proposed some strategies to accelerate the recovery of soil quality. The study offers a theoretical and practical basis for control measures, the reconstruction of plant communities, and vegetation allocation in landslide-affected area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 107755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}