Early human development最新文献

{"title":"Early postnatal transitional circulation in fetal growth restricted neonates","authors":"Lisa Bjarkø ,&nbsp;Drude Fugelseth ,&nbsp;Guttorm Haugen ,&nbsp;Eirik Nestaas","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fetal growth restriction (FGR) may impact early postnatal transitional circulation.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular cardiac output, superior vena cava (SVC) and ductus venosus (DV) blood flow in FGR neonates first three days after birth.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Prospective observational study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>FGR and Non-FGR neonates.</div></div><div><h3>Outcome measures</h3><div>Left ventricular cardiac output, SVC and DV blood flow day one, two, and three.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adjusting for gestational age (GA), birth weight, sex, and twin/singleton, flow measurements were similar between Late-FGR (GA ≥ 32 weeks, <em>n</em> = 23) and Non-FGR (GA ≥ 32 weeks, <em>n</em> = 39). On day three, Late-FGR had significantly lower left ventricular stroke volume (Estimated Marginal Means (Standard Error) 0.99 (0.08) vs 1.22 (0.06) mL/kg, <em>p</em> = 0.027) and higher heart rate (134 (5) vs 119 (4) beats/min, <em>p</em> = 0.032). Left ventricular cardiac output and left ventricular stroke volume decreased significantly from day one to three in both groups; Late-FGR 170 (8) to 149 (8) mL/min/kg, <em>p</em> = 0.007, and 1.34 (0.07) to 1.17 (0.07) mL/kg, <em>p</em> = 0.015, and Non-FGR 161 (6) to 144 (6) mL/min/kg, <em>p</em> = 0.002, and 1.27 (0.06) to 1.16 (0.06) mL/kg, <em>p</em> = 0.021. SVC flow remained unchanged from day one to three in Late-FGR (92 (6) to 83 (6) mL/min/kg, <em>p</em> = 0.161) and decreased significantly in Non-FGR (83 (5) to 71 (5) mL/min/kg, <em>p</em> = 0.021). DV blood flow remained unchanged. No measurements differed between Early-FGR (GA 30⁺⁰–31⁺⁶ weeks) and Late-FGR.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Late-FGR had limited impact on left ventricular cardiac output, SVC and DV blood flow in early neonatal period. Most adaptive circulatory changes occurred early during transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodevelopmental impairment in children with Robin sequence: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Dimple Goel ,&nbsp;Andrew Wilson ,&nbsp;Gareth Baynam ,&nbsp;Karen Waters ,&nbsp;Jane Pillow ,&nbsp;Shripada Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To estimate the global prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairment in children with Robin sequence (RS) at one year or more of age.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, Emcare, MedNAR and Cochrane library were searched systematically from inception to 31st May 2024. Studies reporting on the neurodevelopmental (global, cognitive, or motor) outcomes in children with RS were included. Data was extracted using a standardized form by two independent reviewers. Overall and subgroup-specific prevalence (95% CI) of neurodevelopmental impairment was estimated with random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed for three categories of RS: isolated (no other associated abnormalities), syndromic RS (associated with a genetic syndrome), and RS plus (associated with non-syndromic congenital abnormalities).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 2919 records were screened. Seventeen studies were included in the systematic review, of which data from 16 studies (<em>n</em> = 1008) were pooled for meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairment was 19 % (12–26 %). Neurodevelopmental impairment prevalence in isolated RS was 10 % (5 to16%), syndromic RS 19 % (02 to44%), and RS plus 63 % (39 to84%). The overall prevalence in non-isolated RS (syndromic and plus) was 35 % (22 to49%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is first systematic review and meta-analysis to report on the global prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairment in children with RS. Children with RS are at high risk of neurodevelopmental impairment and should be considered for long-term neurodevelopmental follow up. These findings will guide clinician counselling of parents, resource allocation, facilitate benchmarking, and enable the assessment of treatment impact in future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary respiratory support of extremely preterm neonates in the Netherlands: a national survey","authors":"Merel Boesveld ,&nbsp;Marieke A.C. Hemels ,&nbsp;Ronny Knol ,&nbsp;Sandra A.M.J. Logtens-Abels ,&nbsp;Matthias C. Hütten ,&nbsp;Ruben S. Witlox ,&nbsp;Christian V. Hulzebos ,&nbsp;Hendrik J. Niemarkt ,&nbsp;Daniel C. Vijlbrief","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Non-invasive respiratory support strategies have evolved to avoid bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. However, consensus on the best treatment strategy remains lacking. This study aims to investigate current practices and variations in primary respiratory support for extremely preterm neonates across neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the Netherlands.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A web-based questionnaire was distributed to neonatologists in the Netherlands. The survey covered aspects like the choice of respiratory support modalities, criteria for their application, and associated clinical practices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The response rate was 48.5 % (66/136). The majority used continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as primary respiratory support; 73.8 % for infants with gestational age (GA) ≤26 wks and 88.9 % for infants with GA 26–28 wks. The most used alternative was non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). Significant variation was particularly found in NIPPV settings. Respiratory support during less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) varied per NICU between CPAP and NIPPV, but overall CPAP was preferred.</div><div>Caffeine was administered in the delivery room into infants with GA ≤26 weeks (30.2 %) and GA between 26 and 28 weeks (22.2 %). Doxapram was avoided in the first week of life in 81 % of the infants, independent of their GA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights diverse practices in primary neonatal respiratory support in the Netherlands, with significant variation in NIPPV settings while there is uniformity in CPAP use, underscoring the need for cohesive guidelines and training to standardize care and improve outcomes for extremely preterm neonates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between cerebrospinal fluid levels of neuro-specific enolase after hypothermia alone and in combination with neurodevelopmental outcomes at age six years","authors":"Toshiyuki Imanishi,&nbsp;Masaki Shimizu,&nbsp;Wakako Sumiya,&nbsp;Chika Kanno,&nbsp;Masayuki Kanno,&nbsp;Masami Kanno,&nbsp;Ken Kawabata","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is still associated with death and sequelae including cerebral palsy and intellectual disability despite induced hypothermia. Biomarkers, as early predictive indicators of adverse outcomes, are lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To investigate whether post-rewarming cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-neuro-specific enolase (NSE) levels after hypothermia are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at age six years, alone or when combined with amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as neuroimaging and neurophysiological indicators, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>We retrospectively enrolled 157 patients with HIE from 2011 to 2018 with available post-rewarming CSF-NSE levels and developmental tests at age six years. Of these, 148 met the inclusion criteria, and 87 were evaluated in the final analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Outcome measures</h3><div>Multivariate receiver operating characteristic analysis determined the predictive ability of post-rewarming CSF-NSE levels for adverse outcomes including death and cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, and borderline disability at age 6 years either singly or in combination with aEEG and MRI findings, using logistic regression analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cut-off value for CSF-NSE at a median 5 days after birth was 233 ng/dL (area under the curve 0.97, 95 % confidence intervals of 0.93–1.00, sensitivity 1, specificity 0.94) for death. Regarding cerebral palsy and intellectual disability, the combination of abnormal aEEG at 72 h, moderate-severe MRI injury findings, and with or without CSF-NSE (cut-off value: 55 ng/mL), odds ratio (95 % confidence intervals) improving from 8.6 (2.7–27.8) to 12.4 (3.5–43.9) (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In patients with HIE, post-rewarming CSF-NSE levels were associated not only with death independently but with cerebral palsy and intellectual disability in combination with EEG and MRI findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142964205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daughters of PCOS mothers and AMH plasma concentrations in pre-puberty and puberty: A meta-analysis","authors":"Polina Pavli,&nbsp;Theodoros Kalampokas,&nbsp;Makarios Eleftheriades,&nbsp;Irene Lambrinoudaki,&nbsp;Nikolaos F. Vlahos,&nbsp;George Valsamakis","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>to compare the Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) plasma concentrations of pre-pubertal and pubertal daughters born to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) mothers to daughters born to control mothers and to investigate their alterations during pre-puberty and all stages of puberty.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We critically investigated and meta-analyzed observational studies, which compared the plasma concentrations of AMH in pre-pubertal and pubertal daughters of PCOS pregnancies. A search of the literature was completed till the end of June of 2024 in the PubMed, Scopus, and Medline for the eligible studies. The meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The primary outcome included AMH plasma concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our search yielded 961 potentially eligible studies, 5 of which were finally studied. Pre-pubertal female offsprings of PCOS mothers present higher plasma concentrations of AMH, with the pooled mean difference 10.08, while also pubertal daughters of PCOS mothers present higher plasma concentrations of AMH, with the pooled mean difference 15.79.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pre-pubertal and pubertal female offsprings of PCOS mothers show higher AMH plasma concentrations, when compared to daughters of healthy mothers without PCOS. The main pathophysiological pathways of these findings seem to be hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, and also genetic, epigenetic and intrauterine factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental occupational exposure to anticancer drugs and radiation: Risk of fetal loss and physical abnormalities in The Japan Environment and Children's Study","authors":"Shunsuke Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Masafumi Sanefuji ,&nbsp;Hirosuke Inoue ,&nbsp;Masataka Inoue ,&nbsp;Yu Shimo ,&nbsp;Shunichiro Toya ,&nbsp;Maya Suzuki ,&nbsp;Nozomi Abe ,&nbsp;Norio Hamada ,&nbsp;Utako Oba ,&nbsp;Kentaro Nakashima ,&nbsp;Masayuki Ochiai ,&nbsp;Reiko Suga ,&nbsp;Yuhki Koga ,&nbsp;Mayumi Tsuji ,&nbsp;Kiyoko Kato ,&nbsp;Shouichi Ohga ,&nbsp;Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Group","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Many studies have indicated an association between maternal occupational exposure to hazardous agents, such as anticancer drugs and ionizing radiation, and an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including stillbirths or miscarriages and physical abnormalities in offspring. However, the effects of recent advancements in protective measures to reduce these risks have not been clarified.</div><div>Aim</div><div>To investigate the current impact of parental occupational exposure to anticancer drugs and ionizing radiation on stillbirths or miscarriages as well as physical abnormalities under the circumstances of the developed safety protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cohort study utilized The Japan Environment and Children's Study dataset, which included 96,606 fetuses born between January 2011 and March 2014. This study focused on the association between occupational exposure to these agents during pregnancy and the incidence of stillbirths or miscarriages and physical abnormalities in offspring, employing Poisson regression models for adjusted relative risk.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From the study population, 471 cases of stillbirths or miscarriages and 4493 infants with physical abnormalities were identified. Fisher's exact tests indicated no significant differences in fetal loss or physical abnormalities between the exposure groups. A multivariable analysis also found no significant association between maternal exposure to anticancer drugs and ionizing radiation and these adverse outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Under improved safety measures, maternal occupational exposure to anticancer drugs and ionizing radiation does not significantly affect the occurrence of stillbirths or miscarriages and physical abnormalities in offspring. These findings highlight the critical role of current safety practices and indicate lower reproductive risks with proper precautions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General movements and neurodevelopmental outcome at 6 years in extremely preterm born children","authors":"Piia Lönnberg ,&nbsp;Marjo Metsäranta ,&nbsp;Irmeli Rajantie ,&nbsp;Ritva Haajanen ,&nbsp;Elina Wolford ,&nbsp;Aulikki Lano","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Infants born extremely preterm (EPT) face a variety of neurodevelopmental challenges. Those most at risk of adverse outcomes should be detected early.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To assess General Movements (GMs) at fidgety age in EPT infants and to investigate whether fidgety movements (FMs) and Motor Optimality Scores – Revised (MOS-R) are associated with neurodevelopmental outcome at six years.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Longitudinal cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Thirty-eight EPT children (&lt; 28 weeks of gestation, 11 girls).</div></div><div><h3>Outcome measures</h3><div>GMs were assessed from video recordings at three months corrected age using the Prechtl General Movements Assessment and The Motor Optimality Score for 3- to 5-Month-Old Infants – Revised. Neurological (Touwen), cognitive (WPPSI-III) and neuropsychological (NEPSY-II, visuospatial and attention) outcomes were evaluated at six years.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nine (24 %) of the infants had aberrant (abnormal/sporadic/absent) FMs and all but one had abnormal movement character. Median MOS-R was 21. Infants with aberrant FMs had significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for full-scale intelligence quotient ≤ 85 (FSIQ, OR 7.7, <em>p</em> = 0.03) and auditory attention ≤ −1SD (OR 12.8, <em>p</em> = 0.04). MOS-R scores correlated positively with FSIQ (Spearman <em>r</em> = 0.39, <em>p</em> = 0.02), performance IQ (<em>r</em> = 0.47, <em>p</em> = 0.004), visuospatial processing (Geometric Puzzles, <em>r</em> = 0.53, <em>p</em> = 0.006) and visual attention (<em>r</em> = 0.29, <em>p</em> = 0.01). Overall outcome or neurological outcome did not reach statistical significance in associations with aberrant FMs or MOS-R.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Aberrant FMs and lower MOS-R are associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes when compared to normal FMs and/or higher MOS-R.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct evidence of fetal responses to noxious stimulations: A systematic review of physiological and behavioral reactions","authors":"Carlo V. Bellieni ,&nbsp;Kanwaljeet J.S. Anand","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fetal pain is usually debated using data extrapolated from physiology and anatomy; whereas direct observation of fetal pain reactions is only marginally used. We present the first systematic review to carefully analyse this direct evidence.</div><div>Our objective was to summarize the scientific literature based on the direct observation of fetal responses to noxious stimulation.</div><div>We retrieved 17 clinical studies focused on the direct observation of fetal responses to noxious stimulation. This systematic review suggests that direct trials of fetal responses to acute pain/stress caused by tissue injury are scarce, but nonetheless informative for therapeutic interventions using fetal surgery or fetal invasive procedures. The current evidence indicates that responses to fetal pain develop from mid-gestation onward, but further high-quality research is needed to confirm these findings and guide clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal outcomes of a parent-administered sensorimotor intervention in preterm infants at 4 and 18 months","authors":"Lorraine Smith ,&nbsp;Adele McParlan ,&nbsp;Talia Niss ,&nbsp;Sandra Fucile","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Despite the increasing focus on early parent-delivered interventions in neonatal intensive care units to enhance infant development, there remains a research gap concerning the sustained benefits of such interventions in preterm infants. This study evaluated the impact of the parent-administered sensorimotor intervention (PASI) on developmental outcomes of infants previously enrolled in a randomized clinical trial (RCT).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A prospective longitudinal follow-up study following the RCT at 4 and 18 months corrected gestational age (CGA) was conducted. A blinded examiner conducted the follow-up assessments. The study outcomes developmental outcome at both time points and the child's health-related quality of life at 18 months CGA using various means: Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP), the Feeding and Developmental Milestone Questionnaire (FDM), diagnosis of severe neurological disorder, the Infant Development Inventory (IDI) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At 4 months CGA, 47 infants participated in the follow-up, with more infants in the experimental group receiving direct breastfeeds compared to the control group (38 % vs. 12 %, <em>p</em> = 0.032). At 18 months CGA, 51 infants were followed, showing no significant differences in developmental outcomes or health-related quality of life between groups. However, more parents in the control group reported developmental concerns about their child compared to those in the experimental group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The PASI appears to have lasting positive effects on breastfeeding outcomes for infants and on parents' perceptions of developmental concerns. These findings underscore the importance of early postnatal experiences in influencing the long-term developmental trajectories of infants born preterm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal human brain development is not spared by IUGR: A systematic review","authors":"Danilo Rodrigues Honório,&nbsp;Ana Luiza da Silva Ribeiro,&nbsp;Tamires Lorrayne Morais da Silva,&nbsp;Daniela Cristina Machado Tameirão,&nbsp;Luciano Rezende Vilela,&nbsp;Fernando Felicioni","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a severe condition in which the fetus fails to reach its genetically predetermined growth potential, impairing prenatal development and predisposing individuals to postnatal consequences that may persist into adulthood. Although fetal mechanisms such as the brain-sparing effect have been proposed to protect the brain against IUGR-related deficits, the extent of this protection remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To conduct a systematic review that demonstrates prenatal morphofunctional abnormalities in the brain of individuals with IUGR.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was performed in the MEDLINE/PubMed database using keywords and Boolean operators: IUGR AND newborn AND nervous system NOT review. Inclusion criteria used: free and full-text availability, publication date from January 1, 2013, to July 31, 2024, newborns (birth to 1 month), and both sexes. Exclusion criteria included studies of older infants, lack of focus on the central nervous system, multiple pregnancies, concurrent pathologies with IUGR, use of animal models, and review articles. The review protocol is registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024542500).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seventeen studies were identified, totaling 2085 individuals. Of these, 1203 had some form of IUGR (early- or late-onset, symmetrical or asymmetrical, with or without circulatory centralization), whereas 882 were appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and served as controls. Across all studies, individuals with IUGR showed biometric, morphological, and/or cerebral vascular abnormalities, even when biparietal diameter or head circumference measurements were similar to those of AGA individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Prenatal human brain development is not spared by IUGR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}