Early human development最新文献

{"title":"Daily participation in preterm-born children: An exploratory and comparative study","authors":"Sharon Zlotnik ,&nbsp;Ronen Bar-Yoseph ,&nbsp;Kareem Nasser ,&nbsp;Ori Hochwald","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Preterm birth, particularly with lower gestational age and respiratory complications, can impact neurodevelopmental outcomes and participation in daily activities. Understanding how these children engage in everyday tasks, particularly from the perspective of their parents, is critical for assessing long-term health outcomes and quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to assess parental perceptions of participation and daily performance in children born preterm, comparing early preterm infants with and without chronic lung disease, late preterms, and term-born children.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A total of 48 children aged 7–11 years (M = 8.9, SD = 1.1) were examined: 25 born at term (GA ≥ 37.0 weeks), 23 early preterms (GA ≤ 30 weeks) with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), 15 early preterms without BPD, and 21 late preterms (GA 34.0–36.6 weeks). Daily functioning and participation were evaluated using the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>While atypical executive function scores were more prevalent among early preterm children with BPD (14.2 %), no statistically significant differences were found in participation across groups. Children with BPD participated in leisure activities at rates comparable to their full-term and preterm peers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite executive function impairments, children born preterm, including those with BPD, exhibited similar participation levels as full-term peers. These findings highlight the participation patterns, which may reflect potential compensatory strategies or other factors of preterm children in daily activities. Long-term monitoring of executive function is necessary, particularly in academic settings, to ensure ongoing support and interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation the modified subjective global nutrition assessment (mSGNA) for assessing malnutrition among hospitalized children","authors":"Thi Thu Lieu Nguyen ,&nbsp;Thi Mai Anh Than ,&nbsp;Ha Anh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Thu Huyen Doan ,&nbsp;Thi Thanh Xuan Le ,&nbsp;Thi Huong Le ,&nbsp;Thi My Thuc Luu","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To validate a modified Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (mSGNA) for assessing nutritional status among Vietnamese children.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Children's Hospital in Vietnam, where 200 children were assessed using mSGNA, Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA), and a standardized method developed by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mSGNA showed high accuracy with 82.9 % sensitivity and 90.8 % specificity when compared to SGNA, and moderate accuracy (72.0 % sensitivity, 77.3 % specificity) against AND/ASPEN. The kappa value for mSGNA-SGNA agreement was 0.8 (95 % CI 0.686–0.849), indicating substantial agreement, while the kappa value for mSGNA-AND/ASPEN agreement was 0.5 (95%CI 0.304–0.567), reflecting moderate agreement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results suggest that mSGNA is a reliable tool for identifying malnutrition in Vietnamese pediatric patients, with high sensitivity and specificity in comparison to SGNA and moderate effectiveness against AND/ASPEN standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal gestational weight gain and the long-term physical and neurological outcome of small for gestational age children: A 4-year real-world study based on a longitudinal cohort","authors":"Yimin Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuming Shao ,&nbsp;Jiong Qin ,&nbsp;Zheng Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaorui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106180","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Globally, small for gestational age (SGA) is increasingly prevalent, paralleling the common high-risk pregnancies with inappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG). However, whether maternal GWG was associated with their SGA offspring's long-term development remained unresolved.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To examine the associations of maternal GWG with the long-term physical and neurological development of SGA children based on a real-world cohort in our hospital.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Study design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This retrospective cohort was conducted at our hospital between July 1, 2020, and December 2022. At baseline, we included 319 children diagnosed as SGA and followed up with these children for 12 to 48 months (median: 29 months). The primary outcomes were children's physical and neurological development at follow-ups which were grouped into those with inadequate, adequate, or excessive maternal GWG. We standardized the weight, height (length), body mass index, and ASQ-3 / ASQ:SE domain scores of children with different ages and genders into &lt;em&gt;Z&lt;/em&gt;-scores to increase comparability. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and its 95 % confidence interval (CI) controlling for covariates were calculated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test model to assess the risk of impaired neurodevelopment.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Firstly, the birth weight and birth length of newborns in the inadequate GWG group were both smaller than those in the adequate GWG group and excessive GWG group. The proportions of severe SGA, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were higher in the inadequate GWG group compared to the adequate GWG group. Secondly, follow-up observations found that inadequate GWG group had significantly lower weight Z scores(0.12 vs 0.34), height Z scores(−0.11 vs 0.32)and high emaciation incidence (14.3 % vs. 5.0 %) compared to the adequate GWG group. Thirdly, in the follow-up of the neurodevelopment, children in the adequate GWG group had statistically higher Z scores in the gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving and personal-social domains compared to those in the inadequate GWG group and had statistically higher Z scores in the gross motor domain compared to those in the excessive GWG group; children in the excessive GWG group had statistically higher Z scores in the fine motor and personal-social domains compared to those in the inadequate GWG group. Inadequate GWG group was significantly correlated with a higher risk of delayed development in gross motor (OR 1.79, 95 % CI 1.15–2.77), fine motor (OR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.06–2.78), problem-solving (OR 2.08, 95 % CI 1.16–3.56), personal-social (OR 1.51, 95 % CI 1.05–2.18), and social-emotional (ASQ:SE) (OR 1.84, 95 % CI 1.05–3.22) domains than adequate GWG group. Meanwhile, excessive GWG group was significantly correlated with a higher risk of delayed development in gross motor (OR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.02–2.48) domain than adequate GWG gr","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental trajectories of visual orienting functions in children born very or extremely preterm","authors":"Maud M. van Gils ,&nbsp;Alja Bijlsma ,&nbsp;Marijn J. Vermeulen ,&nbsp;Irwin K.M. Reiss ,&nbsp;Koen F.M. Joosten ,&nbsp;Marlou J.G. Kooiker ,&nbsp;Johan J.M. Pel","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Preterm birth increases the risk of neurodevelopmental impairments, such as Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI), which affects visual processing. Assessing visual functions in young children is challenging with traditional methods that often rely on verbal/motor responses. The aim of the study was to investigate the developmental trajectories of Visual Orienting Functions (VOF) in children born very preterm (&lt;32 weeks gestational age) between 2 and 5 years corrected age (CA) using eye tracking.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>263 children born preterm underwent eye tracking at 2, 3 and 5 years CA. A subgroup of 49 children underwent all three measurements. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed shortly after birth and evaluated for brain damage using a modified Kidokoro scoring protocol. The VOF results to high (cartoon and contrast) and intermediate (form and motion detection) salient visual stimuli of the preterm group were compared to those of term-born age-matched peers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Approximately 40 % of children born preterm showed normal VOF development to high and intermediate salient stimuli. However, in another 40 % of children born preterm, an increase in delayed visual processing to high-salient stimuli was found at 5 years CA. No significant correlation was found between brain damage on MRI shortly after birth and abnormal VOF at 5 years CA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The data suggest that routine visual screening using high-salient stimuli can identify VOF delays from 2 years CA onwards in children at risk of brain damage. Early detection of visual processing deficits can enable timely interventions and specialized care for pre-schoolers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2D:4D ratios in the mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","authors":"Orhan KOCAMAN ,&nbsp;Pınar AYDOĞAN AVŞAR ,&nbsp;Tayfun KARA ,&nbsp;Tacettin KURU","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prenatal exposure to high levels of testosterone affects the development of the brain. The purpose of this study was to compare the mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and those of healthy children in terms of the digit ratio (2D:4D). It also examines the relationship between ADHD symptoms and the 2D:4D in mothers.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The mothers of 120 children with ADHD and of 61 healthy children were included in the study. 2D:4D were measured for both the patients and the healthy individuals, and sociodemographic data were examined. The mothers' ADHD symptoms were measured using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). The patient and control groups were compared in terms of 2D:4D values and ADHD symptoms. The relationship between 2D:4D and ADHD was also examined in the patient group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Maternal right 2D:4D (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and left 2D:4D (<em>p</em> = 0.003) values in the ADHD group were significantly lower than in the control group mothers. No association was also observed between the left hand and right 2D:4D ratios of the mothers in the case group and the ASRS- Hyperactivity or Attention Deficit subscales.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings add to the literature examining the relationship between prenatal exposure to testosterone and ADHD. This study shows that the mothers of children with ADHD are exposed to greater prenatal testosterone. In addition, it does not support the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to testosterone in the mothers of children with ADHD plays a role in the development of ADHD symptoms. Further studies examining this relationship in mothers are now needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between maternal androgen levels and early fetal sex differentiation: Anogenital distance and genital tubercle length in the first trimester","authors":"Ezgi Başaran,&nbsp;Pinar Calis,&nbsp;Deniz Karcaaltincaba","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the use of anogenital distance (AGD) and genital tubercle length (GTL) between 11 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation for fetal sex determination and to assess the impact of maternal androgen levels on these measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2017 with patients undergoing first trimester Down syndrome screening. Inclusion criteria were: (1) female age 18–49, (2) gestational age between 11 and 13 + 6 weeks, (3) optimal visualization of AGD and GTL, and (4) nonsmoking status. Maternal androgen levels (total testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrostenedione) were measured simultaneously with ultrasound.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>AGD was significantly higher in male fetuses compared to females. With a cutoff of 5.0 mm, fetal sex was identified in 82 % of female fetuses and 70 % of male fetuses after the 12th week. Linear regression analysis showed that only AGD was a significant predictor of fetal sex (β: 0.54, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). In the 12–12 + 6 week group, a positive correlation between AGD and maternal androstenedione was found in female fetuses (r: 0.23, <em>p</em> = 0.038). In contrast, negative correlations were observed between AGD and both androstenedione (r: −0.475, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and total testosterone (r: −0.282, <em>p</em> = 0.026) in male fetuses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>AGD and GTL measurements show sexual dimorphism in the first trimester, with AGD correlating positively with maternal androstenedione in females and negatively in males. These findings suggest that AGD and GTL are reliable, non-invasive methods for early fetal sex determination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of early cognition/language in later language ability during childhood – A longitudinal comparison study","authors":"Susanna Surakka,&nbsp;Suvi Vehkavuori,&nbsp;Katri Saaristo-Helin,&nbsp;Petriina Munck,&nbsp;Suvi Stolt","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Background: Many factors may influence early language development, but the precise impact of cognitive development remains unclear.</div><div>Aims: This study aims to explore how cognitive development contributes to language ability and to compare the explanatory value of early cognitive and language ability at 2;0 (years;months) on the language ability at 3;6 and at 5;0.</div><div>Methods: Sixty-one typically developing children were followed up. At 2;0, cognitive development was measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III, and language ability was measured using the Reynell Developmental Language Scales III. At 3;6 and 5;0, language ability was measured using the Boston Naming Test, the Finnish Test of Phonology, and the Finnish Morphology Test.</div><div>Results: Cognitive development at 2;0 correlated significantly with language ability at 3;6 (<em>r</em> = 0.15–0.35, <em>p</em> = .01–0.24) but not at 5;0 (<em>r</em> = 0.12–0.25, <em>p</em> = .05–0.36). The associations between early and later language ability were clear at both age points (<em>r</em> = 0.41–0.69, <em>p</em> &lt; .00). Explanatory value of cognitive development at 2;0 was 7–11 % (<em>p</em> = .02–0.07), while the respective values for later general language ability were 40–45 % (<em>p</em> &lt; .00).</div><div>Conclusions: This longitudinal study provides novel comparison information on the role of early cognitive and language development in later language ability. Results suggest that language development is strongly based on early language ability during childhood, whereas the role of cognitive development seems less straightforward.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The U.S.A. eligible retinopathy of prematurity screening population 2003-2022: WONDER-ROP Study","authors":"Henry P. Moshfeghi ,&nbsp;Moosa Zaidi ,&nbsp;Jochen Kumm ,&nbsp;Sandra Hoyek ,&nbsp;Celine Chaaya ,&nbsp;Shannon D. Scarboro ,&nbsp;Edward Wood ,&nbsp;Nimesh A. Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To delineate the trends of the United States population eligible for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening as defined by the Joint Statement Screening Guidelines of the American Academies of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology from the Centers for Disease Control using the Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) Database.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>National, retrospective study.</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>Infants with ROP in the United States between 2003 and 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data collected from WONDER database over the 20-year period 2003–2022.</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measured</h3><div>The parameters of state, infant birth weight (BW), and last menstrual period estimated gestational age (EGA). Four categories of qualification for ROP Screening eligibility were created: BW, EGA, combined BW and EGA (double eligible infants), and Unique Eligible Infants (UEI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The number of eligible for ROP screening in the U.S peaked at 56,106 in 2007 and has steadily declined to 41,083 in 2022, averaging 47,088 per year throughout the study period. During the first ten-year period, there was an average of 50,895 eligible infants per year vs 43,281 infants per year during the second ten-year period. This was a statistically significant trend. BW slightly surpassed EGA as a driver for screening eligibility every year. Both the numbers of eligible micropremature (24–26 weeks GA and/or BW 600–800 g) infants and numbers of eligible nanopremature (&lt;24 weeks GA and/or BW &lt;600 g) infants mirrored the trendline overall eligibility trends. At the state level, Texas surpassed California in 2012 in terms of the highest number of eligible infants, and Florida surpassed New York in 2011 as the state with the third most eligible infants. These changes persisted until the end of the study period. State level changes were driven by EGA. For micropremature infants, California and New York demonstrated a decline in eligibility driven by both BW and EGA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Consistent with a drop in overall births, the numbers of eligible infants for ROP screening at birth have been decreasing since its peak in 2007, with stabilization in the 2020's. Nationally, BW drives eligibility. Both micro- and nano-premature infants have decreased in a manner that corresponds to overall eligibility with nano-premature infants having a slight relative decrease. This data adds important context to studies on infant survivability and ROP screening epidemiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voice self-perception and acoustic parameters in transgirls adolescent related to pubertal stage blockage","authors":"Jesus Dominguez-Riscart ,&nbsp;Adrián Triviño-García ,&nbsp;Esteban Sanchez-Toscano ,&nbsp;Laura Larran-Escandón ,&nbsp;Isabel Mateo-Gavira ,&nbsp;Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado ,&nbsp;Miguel de Mier-Morales","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Trans girls may initiate early puberty blockers once puberty has started in order to prevent the development of masculine secondary sexual characteristics. Depending on how early the puberty blockers are administered, voice may have reached a certain degree of development and have acquired typically male acoustic and phonetic parameters, which can cause discomfort and affect the adolescent's quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The aim of the present study was to (1) determine if there are differences in discomfort with the self-perceiver voice according to the moment of puberty block (PB), and (2) find a relation between vocal discomfort and variables such a voice phonetic/acoustic characteristics and self-perception of voice.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was carried out. Differences in vocal discomfort between a group of trans girls with early puberty block and a group with late puberty block were compared. The participants were given the Voice Handicap index (VHI-30) and the Trans Women Voice Questionnaire (TWVQ) to assess vocal discomfort. In the same way, their anthropometric, clinical and vocal data, such as FO, were collected. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the differences in the TWVQ punctuation according to the Tanner stage.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The value of the fundamental frequency (FO) was 71.5 Hz higher in the early puberty block group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The total scores of the questionnaires are higher in the late puberty block group (37.5 points in the TWVQ and 26 points in the VHI-30, p &lt; 0.001 in both cases) Vocal self-perception tends to be more feminine in users with early blocked puberty (<em>p</em> = 0.001). There is a negative correlation between FO and puberty block age (<em>r</em> = 0.669) as well as with the TWVQ score (<em>r</em> = 0.755).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Early puberty blockers seem to be related to lower score in TWVQ and VHI-30. It could represent less vocal discomfort in trans girls. Acute voice seem to be more frequent in early puberty blocked because Fundamental frequency are significantly higher.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the thymus in fetuses prior to spontaneous preterm birth using functional MRI","authors":"Megan Hall ,&nbsp;Alena Uus ,&nbsp;Ella Kollstad ,&nbsp;Panicos Shangaris ,&nbsp;Srividhya Sankaran ,&nbsp;Mary Rutherford ,&nbsp;Rachel M. Tribe ,&nbsp;Andrew Shennan ,&nbsp;Jana Hutter ,&nbsp;Lisa Story","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study was to utilise T2* relaxometry (an indirect method of quantifying tissue oxygenation) to assess the fetal thymus in uncomplicated pregnancies throughout gestation and in a cohort of fetuses that subsequently deliver very preterm.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A control group of participants with low-risk pregnancies were recruited and retrospectively excluded if they developed any pregnancy related complications after scanning. Participants were recruited who were deemed to be at very high risk of delivery prior to 32 weeks' gestation and retrospectively excluded if they did not deliver prior to this gestation. All participants underwent a fetal MRI scan on a 3 T system incorporating the fetal thorax. T2 and T2* data were aligned and the mean T2* of the thymus tissue determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean thymus T2* decreased with gestation in control fetuses (n = 49). In fetuses who went on to deliver prior to 32 weeks' gestation (n = 15), thymus volume was reduced as was mean T2* (p ≤ 0.001) as compared to controls. This finding persisted in a subgroup analysis of participants with PPROM (p = 0.002), although not in those with intact membranes (p = 0.067).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These data demonstrates both a likely reduction in perfusion of the thymuses prior to extreme preterm birth, and also the potential for advanced MRI techniques to better interrogate the fetal immune changes prior to preterm birth <em>in vivo</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}