Early human development最新文献

{"title":"Parents-reported nutrition and feeding difficulties in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia after hospital discharge","authors":"Judith Leyens ,&nbsp;Bartolomeo Bo ,&nbsp;Andreas Heydweiller ,&nbsp;Thomas Schaible ,&nbsp;Michael Boettcher ,&nbsp;Lukas Schroeder ,&nbsp;Andreas Mueller ,&nbsp;Florian Kipfmueller","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) affects 1 in 3000–5000 newborns. In survivors, long-term complications include gastroesophageal reflux (GER), feeding difficulties, and failure to thrive. Data from the parents' perspective remain scarce. This study aims to report the prevalence and impact of feeding difficulties on CDH families after discharge.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>National web-based survey amongst families with CDH infants in 2021.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Caregivers of 112 CDH survivors participated. The baseline characteristics were representative with 54 % male, 83 % left-sided CDH, prenatal diagnosis in 83 %, and 34 % requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Most infants (81 %) were discharged within three months, with 62 % feeding by mouth, and 30 % requiring a feeding tube. Persisting feeding difficulties were experienced by 73 %, GER being the most common (66 %), followed by insufficient weight gain (64 %). After discharge, 41 % received medical support for failure to thrive. The primary-care pediatrician was consulted most frequently for information (61 %) and treatment of feeding difficulties (74 %). Therapeutic success was reported in 64 %. A cessation of symptoms was achieved in 89 % within three years.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The majority of CDH infants had persistent feeding difficulties. This survey highlights the impact surrounding feeding problems on CDH families. Further studies and support systems are needed to raise the quality of life in CDH infants and their families.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378378224001439/pdfft?md5=e106b96dcd67394c03a6e6253f92738c&pid=1-s2.0-S0378378224001439-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141638637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal therapeutic hypothermia in a regional swedish cohort: Adherence to guidelines, transport and outcomes","authors":"Karla Gonzalez Tamez ,&nbsp;Andreas Ohlin ,&nbsp;Sverre Wikström ,&nbsp;Andreas Odlind ,&nbsp;Linus Olson ,&nbsp;Lena Hellström-Westas ,&nbsp;Johan Ågren","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Swedish guidelines for therapeutic hypothermia (TH) after perinatal asphyxia were established in 2007, following several randomised studies that demonstrated improved outcomes. We assessed the implementation of hypothermia treatment in a mid-Swedish region with a sizeable proportion of outborn infants.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A population-based TH cohort from 2007 to 2015 was scrutinised for adherence to national guidelines, interhospital transport, including the use of a cooling mattress made of phase change material for thermal management, and outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 136 admitted infants, 99 (73 %) were born outside the hospital. Ninety-eight percent fulfilled the criteria for postnatal depression/acidosis, and all patients had moderate-to-severe encephalopathy. Treatment was initiated within 6 h in 85 % of patients; amplitude-integrated electroencephalography/electroencephalography was recorded in 98 %, cranial ultrasound in 78 %, brain magnetic resonance imaging in 79 %, hearing tests in all, and follow-up was performed in 93 %. Although target body temperature was attained later (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) in outborn than in inborn infants, at a mean (standard deviations) age of 6.2 (3.2) h vs 4.4 (2.6) h, 40 % of those transported using the cooling mattress were already within the therapeutic temperature range on arrival, and few were excessively cooled. The mortality rate was 23 %, and 38 % of the survivors had neurodevelopmental impairment at a median of 2.5 years.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The regionalisation of TH, including interhospital transport, was feasible and resulted in outcomes comparable to those of randomised controlled studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106077"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141622628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of second and fourth digit (2D:4D) ratios with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk","authors":"Çağla ÖZDEMİR,&nbsp;Adem DURMAZ","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The study aimed to investigate the association of second and fourth-digit (2D:4D) ratios with metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular disease risk (CVR).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This case-control study was conducted between February and March 2024 with 200 participants (100 patients +100 controls). Biochemical parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, haemogram, HbA1C) were recorded. All participants were evaluated in terms of MS diagnostic criteria. CVR was calculated with the ESC CVD Risk Calculator. Second-digit and fourth-digit measurements were performed and the 2D:4D ratio of both hands and the difference between 2D:4D of both hands (Dr-l) were obtained. The relationship between 2D:4D and MS, CVR, and gender was evaluated. <em>p</em> &lt; .05 was considered statistically significant.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Forty-one percent of the study participants were male. The right-hand 2D:4D (R2D:4D) ratio was 1.009 ± 0.04 and the left-hand 2D:4D (L2D:4D) ratio was 0.991 ± 0.04 (<em>p</em> &lt; .001). R2D:4D ratio was 1.010 ± 0.04 in women and 0.985 ± 0.03 in men (<em>p</em> = .019). R2D:4D (p &lt; .001), Dr-l (<em>p</em> = .001), and CVR (p &lt; .001) were significantly higher in men with MS (+) compared to MS (−).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In our study, the R2D:4D ratio was found to be associated with MS and CVR in men. Low intrauterine androgen exposure may affect the development of MS, but this effect is more prominent in males.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141622627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of different cord clamping strategies in the early postnatal period","authors":"Akan Yaman ,&nbsp;Kamil Sharifov ,&nbsp;Asli Memisoglu ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Kandemir ,&nbsp;Baran Cengiz Arcagok ,&nbsp;Hulya Selva Bilgen ,&nbsp;Sibel Sakarya ,&nbsp;Eren Ozek","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ICC (cord clamping within the first 15 s), DCC (delayed cord clamping at 60 s), and cut-UCM (cut-umbilical cord milking, cord clamping within the first 15 s) groups on oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), and perfusion index (PI) up to 10 min after birth in newborn infants.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted this randomized clinical trial in the delivery unit of a University Hospital with 189 infants born between 35 and 42 weeks of gestation. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: ICC, DCC, and cut-UCM. The primary outcomes measured were SpO2, HR, and PI at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 10th minutes after birth. We utilized ANOVA and Bayesian calculations in this study.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was no difference between the ICC, DCC, and cut-UCM groups in SpO2, HR, and PI values at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 10th minutes of life, which did not significantly alter between the three groups in one-way ANOVA. Bayesian repeated-measure ANOVA calculations showed that SpO2 and heart rate results at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 10th minutes did not differ between ICC, DCC, and cut-UCM techniques with strong evidence. At the 3rd minute, PI was slightly higher in the DCC and cut-UCM groups compared to the ICC group, with anecdotal evidence. We found no difference between DCC and cut-UCM regarding the 3rd-minute PI, with moderate evidence.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Umbilical clamping procedures (ICC, DCC, and cut-UCM) did not affect SpO2 and HR in the first ten minutes of life, but 3rd-minute PI values were slightly higher in DCC and cut-UCM compared with ICC among late preterm and term neonates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106075"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing on gross motor skills in infants: Implications for walking development","authors":"Noppharath Sangkarit,&nbsp;Weerasak Tapanya","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This longitudinal study aimed to explore the impact of containers on gross motor percentile from 8 to 13 months corrected age during the walking development in moderate to late preterm infants.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sixty preterm infants were enrolled in this study, and their monthly assessment the gross motor percentile using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale. Monthly parent interviews focused on collecting information about container characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Infants exhibited fluctuating percentiles in gross motor development, averaging 37.81 (SD = 21.9; SEM = 1.4). The gross motor skills percentiles varied between 2 and 86 points across the six assessments. Factors significantly associated with gross motor development percentiles were a large container size (Coef. = 15.29; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001*) and a container with a soft floor surface (Coef. = 3.64; <em>p</em> = 0.042*).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Healthy preterm infants exhibited minimal instability in gross motor development and attained walking independently by 13 months. Placing preterm infants in a baby container during their first year should prioritize a wide space and a soft floor surface to enhance gross motor development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106076"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141606791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Egg donation and gestational surrogacy: Pregnancy is riskier with an unrelated embryo","authors":"Dakota E. McCoy ,&nbsp;David Haig ,&nbsp;Jennifer Kotler","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Modern medicine has revolutionized family planning. Remarkably, women<span><span>¹</span></span> can carry to term embryos with whom they share no genetic connection, a feat made possible through egg donation and/or gestational surrogacy. Our reproductive systems evolved to accommodate embryos that are 50% related to the carrier, not 0% related. Here, we apply evolutionary theory to explain how and why pregnancy is riskier with an unrelated embryo. When a woman gestates an unrelated embryo, she is significantly more likely to develop preeclampsia and other diseases above and beyond the known risks associated with advanced maternal age, IVF, multiple gestation, and subfertility. Such “allogeneic pregnancies” are riskier even in fertile, healthy, commercial surrogates and when the egg is donated by a young, healthy donor. We propose that unrelated embryos present a special immune challenge to the gestational carrier, because they have fewer matching genes to the maternal body—therefore exacerbating symptoms of evolutionary maternal-fetal conflict. Indeed, maternal risks seem lower when the embryo is more related to the carrier, e.g., if a sister donates the egg. Finally, we discuss microchimerism in egg donation pregnancies, whereby wholly foreign cells pass from mother to embryo and vice-versa. We conclude with several medical proposals. First, egg donors and surrogates should be informed of the increased health risks they would face. In considerations of risk, these young, fertile women should not be compared to older, infertile women undergoing IVF; the proper comparison group is other young, fertile women. Second, contrary to some medical advice, perhaps genetically-related egg donors and surrogates should be preferred, all else equal. An immunological matching scheme, like what is used for organ transplants, could improve surrogate pregnancy outcomes. Third, more research is needed on microchimerism, sperm exposure, and the long-term impacts of allogeneic pregnancies on maternal and child health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 106072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early developmental masculinization among boys: More prenatal testosterone action (assessed via 2D:4D) renders their faces perceived as masculine but not pretty or cute","authors":"Katrin Schaefer ,&nbsp;Amalie Seidl-Berger ,&nbsp;Sonja Windhager","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ‘organizational-activational hypothesis’ posits that the fetal environment has a lasting impact on offspring physical, cognitive, and behavioral phenotype. An established biomarker for human prenatal testosterone exposure is the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D). While related facial characteristics and their social perceptions have been investigated in young adults, studies focusing on younger or older age groups are scarce. Standardized facial photographs of 17 Austrian boys aged 4 to 11 years were each rated by 162 adults in Austria (78 female, 84 male) for masculinity, dominance, physical strength, maturity, independence, cuteness, and prettiness. Following high interrater agreement (Cronbach's alphas &gt;0.96), average ratings per face were subjected to a principal component analysis. The first principal component (52 % var. expl.) correlated positively with the boys' age (<em>r</em> = 0.685), whereas the second principal component (37 % var. expl.) reflected organizational effects of prenatal androgen exposure (i.e. androgenization), as shown by a negative correlation with the boys' 2D:4D (<em>r</em> = −0.487). Geometric morphometrics was employed to extract the facial shapes corresponding to these two principal components. Overall, adults consistently attributed masculinity in line with prenatal testosterone exposure, whereby masculinity was assessed as neither pretty nor cute. In contrast to findings within adults, boys' face ratings of dominance and physical strength did not correspond with their masculinity assessments, but rather with the social attributions reflecting age-related developmental progress (maturity and independence). This adds an ontogenetic layer of complexity. Prenatal testosterone exposure influences the development of boys' facial features, which in turn even shape social stereotypes in adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378378224001403/pdfft?md5=d84d56d9bae911255bb4a43700bdc0f8&pid=1-s2.0-S0378378224001403-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity and specificity of the Neonatal Visual Assessment to predict motor and cognitive outcomes in infants born very preterm","authors":"Jessica W. Blazek ,&nbsp;Paul B. Colditz ,&nbsp;Andrea Guzzetta ,&nbsp;Robert S. Ware ,&nbsp;Mark D. Chatfield ,&nbsp;Judith L. Hough ,&nbsp;Roslyn N. Boyd ,&nbsp;Joanne M. George","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Very preterm infants are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairments. The Neonatal Visual Assessment (NVA) assesses visual function and outcomes and has been used to assess early neurodevelopmental outcomes. This study aimed to compare NVA results of very preterm and term-born infants and to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the NVA at term equivalent age (TEA) and three months corrected age (CA) to predict motor and cognitive outcomes at 12 months CA in very preterm infants.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This prospective observational cohort study recruited infants born before 31 weeks gestation and a healthy term-born control group. The NVA was assessed at TEA and three months CA, and neurodevelopmental outcomes (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition; Neurosensory Motor Developmental Assessment; Alberta Infant Motor Scale) were performed at 12 months CA. The sensitivity and specificity of the NVA to predict outcomes were calculated based on a previously published optimality score.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>248 preterm (54 % male) and 46 term-born infants (48 % male) were analysed. The mean NVA scores of preterm and term-born infants were significantly different at TEA (preterm 3.1<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>2.1; term-born 1.2<span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>1.7, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The NVA had moderate sensitivity (59–78 %) and low specificity (25–27 %) at TEA, and low sensitivity (21–28 %) and high specificity (86–87 %) at three months CA for the prediction of preterm infants' outcomes at 12 months CA.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The NVA at TEA and three months CA was not a strong predictor of motor and cognitive impairments in this contemporary cohort of very preterm infants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378378224001373/pdfft?md5=26e1a84ac0d35cae1d0dbaa916b7fffd&pid=1-s2.0-S0378378224001373-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid developmental follow-up for preterm infants in Brazil: A feasibility study","authors":"Isabella Saraiva Christovão ,&nbsp;Lara de Almeida Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Cabral de Paula Machado ,&nbsp;Ana Flávia de Souza Pascoal ,&nbsp;Déborah Ebert Fontes ,&nbsp;Karoline Tury de Mendonça ,&nbsp;Lívia de Castro Magalhães ,&nbsp;Ana Cristina Resende Camargos","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The low attendance of families in child developmental follow-up programs for at-risk preterm children is a challenge in Brazil.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study evaluates the feasibility of implementing a developmental follow-up program for Brazilian preterm infants in a hybrid format.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is an observational, prospective cohort study, involving preterm infants. Longitudinal developmental test results, the participation frequency in the program, and the number of referrals to early intervention programs were used to assess feasibility. The General Movements (GMs) assessment, Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and, Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children (SWYC) Milestones were administered via telehealth. The Bayley-III was administered in-person.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirty-four preterm infants attended the follow-up until 12 months of corrected age and 18 (52.9 %) concluded all follow-up assessments. Twenty-six (76.5 %) attended all assessments via telehealth, and 26 (76.5 %) attended the in-person assessment. Eighteen (52.9 %) infants showed at least one altered result in development tests. Infants exhibiting abnormal results in the GMs assessment, motor developmental delay according to the AIMS, or developmental delay based on Balley-III were promptly referred to early intervention services.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study demonstrated high participation rate and low dropout in a developmental follow-up program employing a hybrid format. The substantial number of identified infants with developmental delay emphasizes the importance of timely detection of motor delays to referral to early intervention services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141455928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First trimester maternal sex steroids and the digit ratios of mothers and children","authors":"Anna Kasielska-Trojan ,&nbsp;John T. Manning ,&nbsp;Marek Kałuża ,&nbsp;Ewa Głowacka ,&nbsp;Bogusław Antoszewski","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>It is thought that digit ratios (2D:4D) are a correlate of 1st trimester maternal and foetal sex steroids. Here we consider the relationship of 2D:4D to the former.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Digit lengths were directly measured with a calliper at infant age 13 months. Measures of T and E were obtained from mother's blood at 6–8 weeks, 10–11 weeks and 1st trimester means were calculated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 69 mother-infant pairs (33 boys). Sex differences in 2D:4D (boys&lt;girls) and in maternal E and T (girls&gt;boys) were found. For mothers of girls: there were negative relationships between 2D:4D and T at 6–8 weeks, 10–11 weeks and 1st trimester means. For infants: girls showed more correlations between 2D:4D and hormones than boys. For boys, there was one positive association between 2D:4D and E and two positive associations for E/T. For girls, 2D:4D was negatively related to T (four correlations) and positively related to E/T (four correlations). Considering associations in the total sample and controlling for sex, at 6–8 weeks right and left 2D:4D were positively related to E. At 10–11 weeks, right and left 2D:4D were negatively related to T. For 1st trimester means, 2D:4D's were positively related to E (right and left) and negatively related to T (right).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Infant 2D:4D was correlated with first trimester maternal sex steroids, particularly at 10–11 weeks. The correlations were negative for T, and positive for E and E/T with weaker effects for male infants. The latter pattern may arise because in boys T produced by foetal testes masks the effect of maternal T.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 106067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378378224001361/pdfft?md5=99a8bd2be205af92423f780a3d8a6c52&pid=1-s2.0-S0378378224001361-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}