Early human development最新文献

{"title":"Brain ultrasound radiomics identify textural differences in basal ganglia and white matter between full term newborns HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed in Botswana.","authors":"Laith R Sultan, Karen I Ramirez-Suarez, Sara Rae Schenkel, Monica Miranda Schaeubinger, Carmen Cerron-Vela, Samuel W Kgole, Gosego Masasa, Boitshepo Phale, Joseph Makhema, Thuso Mokane, Elizabeth D Lowenthal, Kathleen M Powis, Hansel J Otero","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over 1 million infants born annually with fetal exposure to HIV and maternal antiretroviral treatment (ART) who remain HIV-uninfected (HEU) are at higher risk of neurodevelopmental delays compared to infants HIV-unexposed (HU).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We explored the use of brain ultrasound radiomics, specifically texture analysis, as an early imaging neurodevelopmental biomarker, comparing findings by newborn in utero HIV exposure status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Brain ultrasound was performed on full-term newborns (≥ 37 weeks gestation) enrolled in a prospective observational study in Botswana. Radiomic ultrasound features, including first-order statistics, run-length, and co-occurrence matrix parameters, were extracted from the basal ganglia and periventricular white matter. Statistical comparisons were conducted based on fetal exposure to maternal HIV. The diagnostic performance of individual features was assessed, and logistic regression was used to combine the features for overall performance evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three infants (HEU: 20, HU: 13) were included in the analysis. The basal ganglia of HEU infants exhibited significantly lower heterogeneity (176.6 ± 10.76 vs. 205.97 ± 13.26, p = 0.04) and entropy (0.37 ± 0.01 vs. 0.41 ± 0.01, p = 0.03), and marginally lower gray level non-uniformity (310.04 ± 15.32 vs. 352.37 ± 24.20, p = 0.06) compared to HU infants, suggesting reduced parenchymal complexity. These combined radiomic features yielded an AUC of 0.72 with a specificity of 0.86. Similar trends were observed in the white matter, where HEU infants demonstrated marginally lower heterogeneity (191.66 ± 14.32 vs. 231.76 ± 17.34, p = 0.06). Gray level non-uniformity and run length non-uniformity were significantly lower in the HEU group (1996.87 ± 157.06 vs. 2487.43 ± 223.67, p = 0.04 and 284.66 ± 20.37 vs. 406.61 ± 47.77, p = 0.01, respectively). The combined white matter model demonstrated an AUC of 0.76 and a sensitivity of 0.86, indicating greater discriminatory power compared to the basal ganglia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultrasound radiomics reveals distinct differences in brain texture between HEU and HU newborns, with significant findings in both basal ganglia and white matter features. These results highlight the potential of radiomics in identifying subtle neuroanatomical variations. Further research is needed to explore the neurodevelopmental implications of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"210 ","pages":"106368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12638123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of maternal blood glucose control on infant body composition at birth.","authors":"Lauren E Staiger, Kara Wong Ramsey, James Davis, Catherine Tarleton, Sheree Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to determine whether infants born to mothers with gestational or pregestational diabetes (IDM) and infants born to mothers with uncomplicated pregnancies have differences in percent body fat at birth, and to examine the relationship between glycemic control in pregnancy and infant body fat.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Percent body fat was measured in 132 IDM in the well-baby nursery using air displacement plethysmography and compared to a previously published cohort of 249 healthy control infants using t-tests. Linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between maternal glycemic control and infant percent body fat at birth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The difference in body fat between IDM and infants born to mothers with uncomplicated pregnancies was not clinically significant (12.9 ± 5 % vs 13.9 ± 4 %, p < 0.05). Among IDM, increasing maternal fasting blood glucose values and increasing percentages of elevated post-prandial glucose values were associated with increasing infant percent body fat. (β=0.19 and 0.08 respectively, P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our cohort of healthy IDM that remained admitted to the term nursery did not have a clinically significant difference in percent body fat compared to control infants born to mothers with uncomplicated pregnancies. Among IDM, elevated maternal glucose levels correlated with increased infant percent body fat, suggesting glycemic control in pregnancy can affect body composition within this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"210 ","pages":"106347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12593238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Five-to-Fifteen questionnaire in identifying motor difficulties at 5 years in children with later motor impairment: A longitudinal follow-up study of very preterm infants","authors":"Eeva Mäkilä ,&nbsp;Mikael O. Ekblad ,&nbsp;Päivi Rautava ,&nbsp;Anna Nyman ,&nbsp;Annika Lind ,&nbsp;Helena Lapinleimu ,&nbsp;Leena Haataja ,&nbsp;Sirkku Setänen ,&nbsp;on behalf of the PIPARI Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children born very preterm have an increased risk for motor impairments. We aimed to evaluate motor performance at 5 years in children born very preterm with and without motor impairment using the parental questionnaire Five-to-Fifteen (FTF).</div><div>This prospective follow-up study included 132 children born very preterm (gestational age &lt; 32 weeks and/or birth weight ≤ 1500 g) without neurodevelopmental impairment at 2 years. Parents filled out the FTF regarding the neurodevelopment of their 5-year-old children. Higher scores indicated more difficulties. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children — Second Edition (MABC-2) was performed to evaluate the motor outcome at 11 years. Total test scores ≤15th percentile denoted motor impairment.</div><div>There were 23 (17.4 %) children with motor impairment. A 1-point increase in the FTF motor skills mean scores increased the risk of motor impairment to 19-fold (OR 19.1, 95 % CI 3.5–104.5, <em>p</em> = 0.001). Children with motor impairment had higher mean scores in the FTF motor skills compared to children without motor impairment (mean 0.56 vs. 0.26, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), but also in Executive functions (0.63 vs. 0.40, <em>p</em> = 0.001), Perception (0.35 vs. 0.18, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), Memory (0.51 vs. 0.31 <em>p</em> = 0.01) and Language (0.45 vs. 0.25, <em>p</em> = 0.02), respectively.</div><div>Motor impairment was almost 20 times more likely when motor difficulties increased by 1 point in the FTF questionnaire. Moreover, children with motor impairment had more difficulties in all other developmental domains of the FTF. Based on these findings, the FTF parental questionnaire might be a useful tool in children's preventive health care to early identify motor impairment and its negative associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pubertal growth spurt does not occur in some normally growing Polish girls, suggesting an evolutionary origin of adolescent growth polymorphism","authors":"Maciej Henneberg ,&nbsp;Iwona Rosset ,&nbsp;Elżbieta Żądzińska","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Numerous child growth studies showed the adolescent growth spurt in body height to the extent that its presence became a dogma applied to humans as a species. However, observations of growth in the 19th c. and in small traditional societies showed for some children a steady growth without visible pubertal spurt. Recently, substantial variation in the age at puberty and the magnitude of growth acceleration during puberty have been observed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Longitudinal height growth data of 110 girls aged 6–18 years (1314 height measurements in total) from a homogenous socio-economic situation were analysed by fitting polynomial regressions on age and assessing their first and second derivatives (growth velocity and acceleration).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 110 girls, 18 (16 %) showed a steady growth with no spurts, while others' accelerations were highly variable. Girls who experienced a growth spurt had a mean age at peak height velocity of 11.2 years and a mean peak height velocity of 69.3 mm, comparable to many other studies. There was a negative correlation between adult height and variation in individual accelerations (r-0.24, <em>p</em> = 0.01) – girls whose accelerations differed less yearly (lower spurt) achieved greater adult heights.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Human growth at adolescence is highly variable, polymorphic, to the extent that the growth in height without the distinct pubertal spurt is also a normal polymorphic variant. Girls who had no significant growth spurt attained the same adult height at exactly the same age as their “spurting” peers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of neonatal withdrawal syndrome with concurrent use of multiple neuropsychiatric medications in pregnant women","authors":"Miyako Nakagawa ,&nbsp;Kosuke Doki ,&nbsp;Mana Obata-Yasuoka ,&nbsp;Hiromi Hamada ,&nbsp;Daisuke Hitaka ,&nbsp;Yayoi Miyazono ,&nbsp;Hidetoshi Takada ,&nbsp;Masato Homma","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Neonatal withdrawal syndrome is characterized by withdrawal symptoms in neonates because of the discontinuation of transplacental drug transfer after delivery. This study aimed to examine the risk factors for withdrawal symptoms to clarify the impact of the number of neuropsychiatric drugs administered during pregnancy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a retrospective observational study including 344 neonates born to 341 mothers receiving neuropsychiatric drugs, including antipsychotics, antidepressants, antiepileptics, and anxiolytics/sedatives during pregnancy. The presence of withdrawal symptoms was assessed using the Isobe score, comprising 15 symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant risk factors for the presence of withdrawal symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Withdrawal symptoms developed in 178 (51.7 %) neonates. The frequency of neonates with withdrawal symptoms was higher in neonates born to mothers receiving ≥3 neuropsychiatric drugs compared to those born to mothers receiving 1–2 neuropsychiatric drugs (73.2 % vs. 45.0 %; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). By multivariable logistic regression analysis, the presence of withdrawal symptoms was associated with the concurrent use of ≥3 neuropsychiatric drugs during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio, 2.24; 95 % confidence interval, 1.09–4.62; <em>P</em> = 0.029) and the maternal use of antipsychotics (adjusted odds ratio, 1.77; 95 % confidence interval, 1.06–2.94; <em>P</em> = 0.028).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The concurrent use of ≥3 neuropsychiatric drugs during pregnancy and the maternal use of antipsychotics were significant risk factors for the presence of withdrawal symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic: Mothers' perceptions of emotional and physical closeness with their preterm infant before, during, and after the NICU stay","authors":"Valérie Lebel ,&nbsp;Paméla Hamel-Hilaréguy ,&nbsp;Sharmin Zahin ,&nbsp;Francine de Montigny","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have been shown to affect parents' physical and emotional closeness with their preterm infant in the NICU. However, no study has explored the effects of these restrictions on new mothers' perinatal trajectory.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To explore mothers' perceptions regarding the impact of public health measures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic on their emotional and physical closeness to their preterm infant before, during, and after their NICU hospitalization.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This qualitative descriptive study included 14 mothers who gave birth to a preterm infant during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mothers participated in semi-structured Zoom interviews conducted between May 2021 and January 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analysis of the mothers' narratives revealed that COVID-19 restrictions affected emotional and physical closeness throughout their perinatal experience. The main theme identified in mothers' accounts of the pregnancy period was “inconsistency and ignorance”. For the childbirth period, the main theme was “loneliness and disconnected contact”. During hospitalization, the emerging theme was “missed opportunities for physical and emotional closeness”. In the post-hospitalization period, mothers described the theme “connecting more versus struggling to connect due to poor mental health”.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>According to mothers, public health measures affected their emotional and physical bond with their infants before, during, and after their NICU stay. In the event of another pandemic, it would be crucial to reassess the implemented public health measures and provide support to parents through their entire perinatal experience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal and postnatal outcomes in fetuses with ventriculomegaly: Prognostic factors insights from a single-center study","authors":"Murad Gezer ,&nbsp;Abdullah Tabakçı ,&nbsp;Ümit Taşdemir ,&nbsp;Mucize Eriç Özdemir ,&nbsp;Zeycan Aytaş ,&nbsp;Oya Demirci","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Fetal ventriculomegaly (VM) is a common prenatal ultrasound finding with a wide range of etiologies and variable prognostic outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the prenatal characteristics, genetic findings, and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes of fetuses diagnosed with VM, according to the severity of VM and associated abnormalities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective single-center study includes 357 fetuses diagnosed with VM between 2020 and 2024. Cases were classified according to VM severity, laterality, and the presence of associated anomalies. Prenatal genetic tests, neurosonography, and prenatal and postnatal MRI findings were analyzed. Outcomes included the termination of pregnancy, intrauterine and postnatal death, and long-term neurodevelopmental status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 357 fetuses, 193 (54.1 %) had mild VM, 85 (23.8 %) had moderate VM, and 79 (22.1 %) had severe VM. 25.2 % of the cases were isolated. Additional CNS abnormalities were present in 43.1 % of the fetuses. Genetic or chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 35.7 % of the fetuses who underwent genetic testing (55 out of 154 cases). The survival rate was highest in mild (75.6 %) and isolated VM (95.6 %). A higher gestational age at diagnosis, smaller ventricular diameter, and the absence of CNS/extracranial CNS abnormalities were associated with normal neurodevelopmental outcomes. In the logistic regression analysis, the presence of CNS abnormalities, ventricular width, and gestational age at diagnosis were found to be independent predictors of neurodevelopmental status. ROC analysis in our study showed that the cut-off value of 13 mm had good discrimination to predict normal neurodevelopmental status in all cases but limited accuracy in isolated cases of VM.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The severity and etiology of fetal VM significantly affect both survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Isolated mild VM correlated with positive outcomes, but moderate-to-severe VM and non-isolated cases had markedly poor survival rates and neurodevelopmental status. Key prognostic factors for normal neurodevelopmental status included higher gestational age at diagnosis, smaller ventricular diameters &lt;13 mm, and the absence of CNS and non-CNS anomalies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising non-pharmacological infant sleep interventions for theoretical underpinnings and behaviour change techniques: A scoping review","authors":"Heather Liebregts ,&nbsp;Alexandra Metse ,&nbsp;Andrea R. Steele ,&nbsp;Justine DeMott ,&nbsp;Kelli MacMillan ,&nbsp;Rhonda Marriott ,&nbsp;Renita A. Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Western settings where solitary, continuous infant sleep throughout the night is emphasised, parents might perceive their infant's nightwaking as a problem and seek solutions. Interventions typically aim to reduce nighttime parent-infant interactions to facilitate independent infant sleep. There are concerns regarding the acceptability of these interventions to parents, and their applicability for families with diverse parenting practices, such as co-sleeping. The specific theories and strategies applied by evidence-based infant sleep interventions have not been systematically explored. This scoping review aimed to characterise infant sleep interventions for their theoretical underpinnings and behaviour change techniques (BCTs). Where applicable, this review also aimed to explore associations between meaningful groupings of theory type and BCTs and outcomes including parent satisfaction and intervention adherence. Online databases were searched for Randomised Controlled and cluster Randomised Controlled Trials of non-pharmacological interventions delivered in non-acute primary care or community settings that targeted the prevention or treatment of sleep problems in infants (0–3 years). Twenty-eight of 34,898 retrieved articles were included, describing 34 unique interventions. Operant conditioning theory underpinned 50 % (13/26) of the theory-informed interventions. Interventions were found to be multicomponent and the application of BCTs was heterogeneous across interventions. Findings suggest a need for more diversity of theoretical underpinnings and a clear indication of BCTs included in interventions. Future research should identify theories that can be adapted to align with family cultural contexts and parenting practices, and BCTs that can be operationalised to facilitate acceptable and culturally sensitive approaches to infant sleep intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation-based team training and changes in Apgar scores during neonatal transition: A multi-site controlled follow-up study","authors":"Anders L. Schram ,&nbsp;Nadja L. Bonne ,&nbsp;Tine B. Henriksen ,&nbsp;Niels T. Hertel ,&nbsp;Lotte H. Hansen ,&nbsp;Maja C. Bjerrum ,&nbsp;Arlen Canenguez ,&nbsp;Martin Hulgaard ,&nbsp;Sofie Sommer ,&nbsp;Camilla Hesselberg ,&nbsp;Pernille K. Vandborg ,&nbsp;Rikke Kaae ,&nbsp;Signe B. Thim ,&nbsp;Morten S. Lindhard","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This multi-site, controlled follow-up study investigated the impact of intensified simulation-based pediatric team training on the evolution of Apgar scores within the first 10 min. No consistent improvement was observed. The results underscore the necessity for larger-scale studies and customized scenarios to fully evaluate the potential of simulation-based training in improving neonatal outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between carpal tunnel syndrome and the 2D:4D digit ratio: A systematic review","authors":"Emine Kaplan Serin ,&nbsp;Tuba Güner Emül","doi":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2025.106349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common peripheral neuropathy influenced by multiple biological and anthropometric factors. The 2D:4D digit ratio, a marker of prenatal androgen exposure, has recently been investigated for its association with carpal tunnel syndrome risk. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and carpal tunnel syndrome development, considering anthropometric variables. Four studies including a total of 672 participants were analyzed. Two of the studies were conducted on populations with the same ethnic background, while the other two involved individuals from different ethnic groups. The included studies assessed 2D:4D ratios alongside various anthropometric parameters such as body mass index. Across the four included studies, three consistently demonstrated that a lower 2D:4D ratio is associated with an increased risk of carpal tunnel syndrome, particularly in females. The findings suggest that 2D:4D may serve as a potential biomarker for carpal tunnel syndrome, especially in populations with higher susceptibility, such as women. Three of the four studies highlighted female gender as a common risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome. Additionally, a lower 2D:4D ratio was associated with increased carpal tunnel syndrome risk in three studies, suggesting that this ratio reflecting prenatal androgen exposure may serve as a potential biomarker for carpal tunnel syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11435,"journal":{"name":"Early human development","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}