Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics最新文献

{"title":"Test and sensitivity analysis of base-isolated steel frame with low-friction spherical sliding bearings","authors":"Motoki Akazawa,&nbsp;Masahiro Kurata,&nbsp;Shinsuke Yamazaki,&nbsp;Yohsuke Kawamata,&nbsp;Shintaro Matsuo","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4249","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Japan, spherical sliding bearings with low friction coefficients are gaining popularity for base-isolating low-rise frames that are relatively lightweight. However, the complete dataset of isolators and a base-isolated frame for evaluating the model sensitivity and response uncertainty are limited. This study first presents the design process, isolation unit- and frame-level testing, and a blind prediction contest conducted on the occasion of full-scale shaking table testing of a three-story base-isolated hospital specimen. The design process utilizes a numerical model that accounts for the velocity and contact pressure dependencies and requires soft- and hard-case simulations with nominal friction coefficients plus and minus standard deviation to consider the uncertainties associated with the bearing behavior. The pre-shipment isolation unit and frame shake table testing yielded an invaluable dataset for bearings under normal and low contact pressures, low and high velocities, and constant and varying axial loads. The accompanying blind prediction contest provided a valuable dataset for rethinking the impact of modeling uncertainty. In-depth data analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. The sliding coefficient increased under low-contact pressure and low-velocity conditions. The static friction coefficient was 1.9 to 4.5 times higher than the dynamic coefficient, but this had little impact on the residual displacement, cumulative travel, and maximum story shear force. The axial force fluctuation, vertical motion, and two-directional input did not significantly affect the bearing behavior in the test. The test and the following simulations confirmed that the low friction coefficient helped the building contents, that is, medical equipment in this study, remain in order under near-fault and long-period ground motions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 1","pages":"100-118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eqe.4249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SSI-induced seismic earth pressures on an integral abutment bridge model: Experimental measurements versus numerical simulations and code provisions","authors":"Gabriele Fiorentino,&nbsp;Raffaele De Risi,&nbsp;Flavia De Luca,&nbsp;George Mylonakis,&nbsp;Bruno Briseghella,&nbsp;Camillo Nuti,&nbsp;Anastasios Sextos","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Integral abutment bridges (IABs) generate strong soil–structure interaction (SSI) effects due to their high structural stiffness and transmission of inertial and thermal loads generated at the deck directly to the abutments. Despite an increasing number of experimental and numerical studies available in the literature, there is a lack of consolidated methodologies to model dynamic SSI phenomena for IABs, particularly in seismic regions where uncertainties associated with the induced ground motions render the problem harder to tackle. This study proposes an advanced strategy to model the seismic response of IABs, accounting for dynamic interaction between the structure, the abutment and the foundation, including piles and earth retaining walls. To this end, detailed finite-element studies were carried out employing OpenSees to simulate a recent experimental campaign on a scaled IAB model in a soil container (SERENA) carried out at EQUALS Lab, University of Bristol, in the framework of SERA/H2020 project. An extensive dataset in terms of recorded accelerations, displacements, strains and settlements are available from these tests, including earth pressures which are back-calculated from bending strain measurements. The objectives of this paper are threefold: firstly, the model parameters are explored and assessed critically by comparing the results from the numerical simulations against the experimental data; secondly, once the model is deemed sufficiently representative of the experiments, earth pressures are obtained numerically, as these are not directly measured in the tests; thirdly, the estimated static and dynamic earth pressures on the abutment wall are compared with the predictions of two simplified analytical procedures currently under consideration for inclusion in the new Eurocode 8. The results indicate that records and predictions match well for frequencies of up to 40 Hz at model scale (about 8 Hz in prototype scale) and confirm that the proposed modelling strategy can be used in practical applications. The quasi-elastic model proposed in this study is shown to provide dependable predictions for cases involving moderate strains in real-life applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"53 15","pages":"4830-4852"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eqe.4237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimentally-based in-plane drift limits for the upper threshold of masonry light damage","authors":"Paul A. Korswagen,&nbsp;Jan G. Rots,&nbsp;Karel C. Terwel","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4246","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drift limits are useful thresholds; during design or retrofitting analyses, engineers can compare the expected behaviour of a structure to drift limits that predict when the structure will reach a certain condition. This helps ensure that structures satisfy specified performance goals when exposed to certain hazards. Masonry walls are susceptible to damage from lateral in-plane actions such as wind or earthquake loading; ensuring that in-plane drift remains sufficiently small will help limit this damage. Drift limits based on crack-based damage are scarce, however, with DS1 limits being extrapolated from higher damage grades based on structural strength capacity or ductility. In this work, crack-based damage is evaluated on a multitude of full-scale experimental walls surveyed with digital image correlation. This method observes the initiation and propagation of cracking. Cyclically incremental in-plane tests provide a range of drift-damage relationships. These are explored with machine learning to determine influential predictors and ultimately establish drift limits for light damage. Two types of brick masonry are explored: fired-clay and calcium-silicate. For the latter, light damage begins at an in-plane drift of 0.5 mm/m and can extend to 4.8 mm/m (or 0.48%) for the former before the masonry surpasses light damage and reaches structural damage grades. In comparison to drift limits set by other authors and (international) guidelines to characterise light damage, significant damage, or the ultimate capacity of masonry walls, the resulting drift limits for light damage from this work are set directly on the basis of experiments and are in good agreement with other authors. Most importantly, all the consulted values for ultimate capacity are much larger than the upper threshold for light damage determined herein, with limits for significant damage in the same order of magnitude. This result verifies the accuracy of the experimental crack-based characterisation used to establish the drift thresholds.</p>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 1","pages":"86-99"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eqe.4246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local and global integrative retrofitting of reinforced concrete frames using in-plane buckling steel braces","authors":"Devyani Tewatia,&nbsp;P. C. Ashwin Kumar","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4247","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two large-scale, single-storey, single-bay reinforced concrete (RC) moment frames, designed as per an outdated seismic code to represent a typical framing detail of a four-storey building, have been tested under displacement-controlled quasi-static loading protocol as per ACI 374.1-05. The RC frames include a plinth beam with brick infill underneath, a slab monolithically cast with the top beam and provision for applying axial load to the column to simulate real construction scenario. One of the frames has been tested as a bare frame, and the second one has been retrofitted with conventional steel braces designed to undergo in-plane buckling. The size of the brace has been selected based on the result of a nonlinear time history analysis of representative low- to mid-rise open-ground storey RC buildings. Post-installed chemical anchors have been utilized to connect the steel braces to the narrow RC frame members following the outcomes of an experimental investigation by the same authors. Local-level retrofitting by steel jacketing using adhesives has been designed and utilized on columns and beams to achieve the desired seismic response. The seismic performance of the retrofitted frame has been compared with the bare frame in terms of strength, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation and hysteretic damping. The tests provide insight into the role of the plinth beam, effect of RC slab on the strong-column weak-beam aspect and the achievement of the desirable hinge mechanism through a precise design and detailing of global and local level retrofitting technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 1","pages":"5-31"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Random-positioned-sampling effect on probabilistic seismic demand modeling of modularized suspended buildings with free-standing objects and architectural function regioning","authors":"Zhihang Ye,&nbsp;Xuanting Liu","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4241","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The definition of the targeted engineering demand parameters (EDPs) is important to probabilistic seismic demand modeling (PSDM), which produces probability density functions of EDPs conditioned on seismic intensity measure (IM). The targeted EDPs are usually defined at the group level to account for multiple components/units. Thus, they are affected by the considered range of units, i.e., the sample positions. For instance, the maximum peak floor acceleration (PFA) within the whole building differs from the maximum among only the important positions related to seismic loss. Additional uncertainties are induced in the PSDM of PFA if the sample positions vary when architectural function and non-structural elements change. In this study, the aforementioned influence is termed random-positioned-sampling (RPS) effect, and it is investigated by targeting a modularized suspended building, which features the tuning mechanism, multiple major modes, uneven response envelopes, and notable non-structural-object-structure interactions (NSOSI). Results show that the RPS effect lowers the maximum-based group-level EDP and increases the dispersion within the EDP sample sets, indicating that conventional PSDMs without considering the RPS effect are biased. The significance of the influence is positively correlated to the position-wise coefficient of variation of EDP but negatively correlated to the density of sample positions. The combined influence of the NSOSI and the RPS effect is two-sided for PSDM. The NSOSI amplifies the RPS effect via enlarging position-wise dispersion of EDP, whereas, the RPS effect waives part of the detrimental scattered contributions from NSOSI. Overall, the IM performance is handicapped, even with IM optimization. However, it can be compensated if architectural function region information is acquired beforehand since the sample positions are restrained.</p>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 1","pages":"32-61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating column splice fracture and post-fracture response for seismic assessment of steel moment frames","authors":"Aditya Jhunjhunwala,&nbsp;Arka Maity,&nbsp;Amit Kanvinde","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4248","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mitigating fracture in welded column splices is an important challenge for the safety of existing steel moment-resisting frames. While models to predict splice fracture have recently been developed, suitable approaches are not available to simulate the response of frames after splice fracture. Motivated by this, a two-dimensional displacement-based fiber element construct, termed the Splice Fracture Element (SFE), is presented. The SFE includes numerous features: (1) representation of the loss of strength in any fiber at a critical stress determined from fracture mechanics, (2) the ability to simulate the loss of shear strength of the cross-section when the entire section is severed – a phenomenon not readily simulated in conventional fiber elements, and (3) the ability to track the kinematics of the severed parts of the column to represent transfer of compressive stresses on contact. This formulation is implemented into an open-source software (OpenSees) and applied to conduct Nonlinear Response History Analysis (NLRHA) of two demonstration problems, including a 1-story frame and a 20-story frame. Benchmark simulations that do not simulate splice fracture or represent it without the loss of shear strength are also conducted. The results indicate that the SFE element can successfully simulate the key phenomena associated with splice fracture and post-fracture response.</p>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 1","pages":"62-85"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eqe.4248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of inelastic displacement ratio spectrum for existing RC structures via displacement response spectrum","authors":"Sakshee Dadheech,&nbsp;Vinay K. Gupta","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4233","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In the present seismic design philosophy, the structures are designed to remain within the specified displacement limits for multiple earthquake hazard levels expected during their design life. Accordingly, the estimation of maximum inelastic displacement demand in a structure consistent with a given hazard level is of primary importance. Considering the complexity and inconvenience associated with the nonlinear response history analyses for a suite of hazard-consistent ground motions, it is preferred to estimate the maximum inelastic displacement demand by using the scaling models available for the inelastic displacement ratio &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$C$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in the single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structures. In this study, a new scaling model is developed for the inelastic displacement ratio &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${C}_R(T)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; spectrum for a given response reduction factor &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt; in the case of 5%-initial damping Bouc-Wen-Baber-Noori (BWBN) oscillators with stiffness and strength degradations and pinching. This model is based on the observed similarities between the &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${C}_R(T)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; spectrum and the reciprocal of given displacement response SD(&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$T$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) spectrum in most cases, and thus, this indirectly accounts for the effects of seismological and site parameters. A new strong-motion duration definition is also proposed to identify shorter strong-motion segments of comparable relevance, and on using this definition, it is shown that the dependence of the mean &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${C}_R(T)$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; spectrum o","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"53 15","pages":"4806-4829"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear equivalence for motion amplification devices in earthquake engineering","authors":"Wenjun Gao,&nbsp;Xilin Lu","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4240","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Motion amplification devices utilized to amplify the motion of dampers can effectively improve the energy dissipation performance of dampers to reduce seismic responses of engineering structures. This study systematically develops a linear equivalence theory for motion amplification devices based on the proposed equivalent Maxwell model. This equivalent model accurately predicts the supplemental damping effect provided by motion amplification devices without approximation. Also, the equivalent model is capable of quantifying the amplification effect of motion amplification devices by means of deriving the analytical expressions of the equivalent damping and stiffness coefficients, which reveal that motion amplification devices simultaneously enhance the original damping and stiffness coefficients by <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>α</mi>\u0000 <mo>¯</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <annotation>${{bar{alpha }}^2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, where <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>α</mi>\u0000 <mo>¯</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 <annotation>$bar{alpha }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> is the proposed rigidity motion amplification factor. The representative value of member stiffness <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>k</mi>\u0000 <mi>p</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${{k}_{mathrm{p}}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> is developed to comprehensively evaluate the supporting stiffness of motion amplification devices. All the achieved results strongly support that the proposed linear equivalence theory provides a generic paradigm to explain, measure and compare different types of motion amplification devices in terms of their supplemental damping effects, and hence helps researchers and engineers gain valuable insight into the dynamic properties of motion amplification devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"53 15","pages":"4719-4740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fragility functions for low-damage post-tensioned timber frames","authors":"Michele Matteoni,&nbsp;Jonathan Ciurlanti,&nbsp;Simona Bianchi,&nbsp;Stefano Pampanin","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4242","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growing concern over environmental impact and the significant improvement in the quality of engineered wood products have led to the rapid growth of the timber building industry in the last decades. Although traditional, yet recent, mass timber structural systems, such as cross-laminated timber walls, can provide satisfactory seismic performance during earthquakes in terms of life-safety, the crucial need for more resilient timber buildings has prompted the development of low-damage high-performance self-centring and dissipative solutions based on unbonded post-tensioned hybrid connections, referred to as Pres-Lam technology. The flexibility of design and construction speed, combined with the enhanced seismic performance, create a unique potential towards an earthquake-proof sustainable building system. Despite the growing popularity of the technology, a comprehensive framework for the fragility analysis, to be used in risk and loss modelling applications, has not yet been developed for both component and building levels.</p><p>This article aims to develop a framework for assessing the fragility curves of moment-resisting Pres-Lam frame systems, at both structural system and connection levels, by using and comparing different approaches that involve nonlinear static (pushover) and time history dynamic analyses. A Python-based parametric workflow was developed to evaluate fragility curves for a wide range of case-study buildings. Particularly, three distinct structures were selected, and their fragility curves were evaluated utilizing alternative methodologies at a building structural-system level. Finally, fragility models were fitted for individual structural connections using the results of time-history analyses. These models are intended for use in a component-based loss assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"53 15","pages":"4741-4762"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eqe.4242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rigid-flexible coupled rocking structure with nonlinear stress distribution along its base: Analytical modeling, validation and parametric investigation","authors":"Yu Bao,&nbsp;Ying-Qi Liu","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4244","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Structures allowing their bases to uplift and rock during an earthquake event usually experience less damage; thus, they are more resilient to seismic hazards. Accurate simulation is critical to design and seismic performance evaluation of these flexible rocking structures. Motivated from this, this article presents a new rigid-flexible coupled rocking model for numerical evaluation of flexible rocking structures under both cyclic and dynamic loadings. The key idea in the model formulation is that the total motion of flexible rocking structure can be decomposed into a rigid-body motion and an associated flexible deformation. The flexible deformation of the rocking body is described using displacement field of classical Timoshenko beam. Using this approach and appropriate degrees-of-freedom (DOFs), the governing equations-of-motion for flexible rocking structures are formulated using the variational principle. Multiple springs with appropriate constitutive model are distributed along rocking base to represent the inelastic behavior of rocking body. Potential post-tensioned tendons are also considered in this model. In addition, nonlinear stress distribution along the rocking base, which cannot be considered in existing flexible rocking model, is also incorporated in the developed model. The proposed model is subsequently validated against published experimental data through quasi-static and shake table tests, showing good accuracy when the rocking structure is relatively stockier. Finally, a parametric investigation on the effect of flexibility, nonlinear stress distribution and yield stress of rocking body on the rocking response is performed. This preliminary investigation shows that influence of flexibility and yield stress is significant while impact of nonlinear stress distribution is minor.</p>","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"53 15","pages":"4763-4784"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}