Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics最新文献_第7页

Efficiency and explainability of design-oriented machine learning models to estimate seismic response, fragility, and loss of a steel building inventory 以设计为导向的机器学习模型的效率和可解释性，以估计地震反应、脆弱性和钢结构库存的损失

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4273

Mohsen Zaker Esteghamati, Shivalinga Baddipalli

{"title":"Efficiency and explainability of design-oriented machine learning models to estimate seismic response, fragility, and loss of a steel building inventory","authors":"Mohsen Zaker Esteghamati, Shivalinga Baddipalli","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4273","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning (ML) has recently been used as an efficient surrogate to estimate different steps of performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE), from dynamic structural analysis to fragility and loss assessments. However, due to the varied data, models, and features in existing literature, the relative efficiency of ML models across different PBEE steps remains unclear. Additionally, the black-box nature of advanced ML algorithms limits their ability to provide design-oriented insights, hindering the broader application of ML in PBEE-based design. This study provides a comprehensive comparison of the accuracy and explainability of design-oriented ML models across different steps of PBEE using a consistent database of 621 steel moment frames with varying designs and geometry. Eight ML algorithms were used in a careful training workflow comprising feature selection, hyperparameter tuning, cross-validation, and model inference. The sensitivity of model accuracy to representative PBEE outputs—maximum responses, median fragility, and expected annual loss—was assessed using statistical measures. In addition, the explainability of the best models for each step was examined to explore the relationship between design parameters and the corresponding PBEE output. The results show that while ML models can reasonably map design parameters to all different PBEE outputs, models accuracy was higher for drift responses, median fragilities, and component-based loss metrics. In addition, the optimal algorithm remained the same across different PBEE steps, where support vector machines and random forests provided the highest accuracy with an average R2 of 0.93 and 0.91 over different outputs on the test set. Although the selected feature sets varied across outputs and algorithms, height, number of stories, fundamental period, and the minimum of the beams’ moment of inertia were influential for both models and notably affected different PBEE outputs.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 2","pages":"618-647"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insights from large-scale shake table testing: Key criticisms and potential solutions 大型振动台试验的启示：关键的批评和潜在的解决方案

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4271

Kazuhiro Hayashi, Masayoshi Nakashima

{"title":"Insights from large-scale shake table testing: Key criticisms and potential solutions","authors":"Kazuhiro Hayashi, Masayoshi Nakashima","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4271","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the authors' experience with large-scale shaking table tests conducted in Japan using the E-Defense shaking table. The discussion focuses on four criticisms often addressed regarding the utilities of large-scale shaking table tests. Potential solutions to mitigate such criticisms are discussed based on shaking table tests conducted for a pair of three-story wooden houses. The first criticism is that the test specimen anchored rigidly to a rigid shaking table is not a reproduction of actual structures supported by soils and foundations. A model ground was developed in a large sandbox, which occupied about 85% of the total specimen weight, supported the house, and the entire soil-structure system was shaken. Considerable sliding occurred, having lessened the earthquake forces exerted and resultant damage to the superstructure. The second criticism is that a single specimen test, regardless of its size, cannot provide sufficient information for generalizing the behavior and performance. Empirical equations between the maximum story drift and the change in the natural frequency were developed from a series of shaking table tests. Using such empirical equations might promote quick damage assessment of individual houses when suffering from actual earthquakes. The third criticism is the importance of public appeal and eventual support from the general public to secure the budget to operate large-scale testing facilities. The example test featured two nearly identical specimens placed on the table with different support conditions. The apparent difference in response revealed the effect of support conditions on seismic performance. The fourth criticism is the importance of increasing the number of experimental projects to balance the operation budget. Most of the preparation in the example test was accomplished in an open yard adjacent to the shaking table, and the test specimens were quickly assembled on the table using indoor cranes. The table occupation was four out of 35 weeks of the entire test duration.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 2","pages":"604-617"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shaking table test of a steel frame structure with layered three-dimensional isolation 层状三维隔震钢框架结构振动台试验

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4270

Yundong Shi, Yuchen Wang, Qi Wang, Wenqing Dong, Bo Zhao, Yang Ding, Zhong-Xian Li, Yitao Wu

{"title":"Shaking table test of a steel frame structure with layered three-dimensional isolation","authors":"Yundong Shi, Yuchen Wang, Qi Wang, Wenqing Dong, Bo Zhao, Yang Ding, Zhong-Xian Li, Yitao Wu","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4270","url":null,"abstract":"A three-dimensional (3D) base isolation system can enhance the seismic performance of steel frame structures. However, the notable coupling effects and rocking behavior in the superstructure will complicate the design of base isolators and weaken the seismic resilience of the 3D base isolation system. To realize the 3D isolation function and constrain the coupling effects and rocking behavior of steel frame structures simultaneously, a layered 3D isolation system is proposed through the combination of a horizontal base isolation with friction pendulum bearings and a vertical floor isolation with steel coil springs installed beneath the floor slabs. A series of full-scale shaking table tests of a two-storey steel frame structure were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. The test results indicate that the layered 3D isolation system with flexible horizontal displacement constraint devices decoupled the horizontal and vertical motions of the superstructure and improved the seismic behavior of steel frame structures. The horizontal–rocking coupling effects of the superstructure typically associated with traditional 3D base isolation were significantly suppressed. Due to the vertical acceleration isolation effects, the layered 3D isolation system led to stabler normal pressures on the friction pendulum and lower friction forces compared to the horizontal base isolation system, which mitigated the horizontal–vertical coupling effects of the structure and the stick-slip motions of friction pendulums to result in higher horizontal acceleration isolation effects and self-centering capacities. The unfavorable influence of elevating the floor slab on the seismic behavior of the superstructure was compensated by the horizontal isolation at the base.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 2","pages":"583-603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-time hybrid simulation for investigating the seismic response of a bridge isolated with lead rubber bearings 采用铅橡胶支座隔震桥梁地震反应的实时混合仿真研究

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4272

Jamin Park, Yunbyeong Chae, Won Jong Chin, Chang Beck Cho

{"title":"Real-time hybrid simulation for investigating the seismic response of a bridge isolated with lead rubber bearings","authors":"Jamin Park, Yunbyeong Chae, Won Jong Chin, Chang Beck Cho","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4272","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the seismic response of lead rubber bearings (LRBs) under constant and time-varying axial forces using real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS). Although shake table testing can provide realistic seismic responses, it is often expensive and quite challenging for large-scale structures. RTHS, however, offers a cost-effective alternative by experimentally testing only the structural component of interest while analytically modeling the remaining structure. With the use of an advanced real-time force control method, this study implemented RTHSs for a bridge isolated with two LRBs, where the LRBs are subjected to various constant axial forces due to self-weight as well as time-varying axial forces induced by vertical ground motions. The lateral response of LRBs was found to be significantly influenced by the magnitude of constant axial force, highlighting the importance of incorporating the effect of axial force due to self-weight into numerical simulations. Additionally, it is crucial to satisfy the axial force boundary condition when conducting RTHS or cyclic loading tests to obtain more reliable test results. On the other hand, the time-varying axial force generated by the vertical vibration of the bridge due to vertical ground motions has a limited impact on the lateral response of LRBs.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 2","pages":"548-561"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shake table testing of a seismic isolation system for lightweight structures 轻型结构隔震系统的振动台试验

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4269

Sebastian Lopez Restrepo, Michael C. Constantinou

{"title":"Shake table testing of a seismic isolation system for lightweight structures","authors":"Sebastian Lopez Restrepo, Michael C. Constantinou","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4269","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of seismic isolation in lightweight structures, such as houses, is limited, except for Japan, where nearly 5000 houses are seismically isolated with highly engineered systems. The use of such systems in countries of growing economies is prohibitive due to their cost, difficulties in locally fabricating components, and incompatibility with local construction practices. Previous studies on low-cost isolation systems showed that isolation devices with rolling rather than sliding elements are more suitable for lightweight structures. A low-cost isolation system based on a deformable rolling bearing developed at the University at Buffalo has simple components that can be easily manufactured, has a large displacement capacity, and features a fail-safe mechanism. The bearing is composed of one flat and one concave concrete plate and a rubber rolling ball. This paper presents the results of shake table testing of half-length scale versions of prototype houses and small bridges equipped with this deformable rolling isolation system in three-directional seismic excitation. The results showed that deformable rolling bearings provide significant seismic protection of lightweight structures against strong ground motions, which in the testing reached a maximum peak ground velocity of 1.2 m/s in the test scale and a peak ground acceleration of 4 g in the horizontal direction and up to 1 g in the vertical direction. The isolation system was particularly effective in the horizontal direction, whereas it did not provide any vertical isolation. The tests included cases of extreme response, which included vertical impact within the bearing's components and uplift of the isolated structure.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 2","pages":"562-582"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intelligent generation and optimization method for the retrofit design of RC frame structures using buckling-restrained braces 钢筋混凝土框架结构抗屈曲支撑改造设计的智能生成与优化方法

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4268

Zhuang Tan, Sizhong Qin, Kongguo Hu, Wenjie Liao, Yuan Gao, Xinzheng Lu

{"title":"Intelligent generation and optimization method for the retrofit design of RC frame structures using buckling-restrained braces","authors":"Zhuang Tan, Sizhong Qin, Kongguo Hu, Wenjie Liao, Yuan Gao, Xinzheng Lu","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4268","url":null,"abstract":"As buildings and structures age, the challenges of reinforcement and retrofitting become more significant, especially as their service life extends and the demand for seismic fortification increases. Integrating buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) is an effective retrofit technique; however, this approach requires multiple iterations of layout adjustments and mechanical performance analysis, which are highly dependent on engineers' design expertise, resulting in low efficiency. To address this, the study proposes a two-stage intelligent retrofit design method that integrates generative Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques with optimization algorithms for reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures using BRBs: (1) a diffusion model-based potential BRB layout generation stage, and (2) an online learning algorithm-based design optimization stage. In Stage 1, a diffusion model was employed to analyze architectural characteristics, identify potential BRB locations, narrow the feasible solution space for the optimization process, and ensure that the design meets empirical constraints. In Stage 2, an optimization algorithm, integrated with mechanical performance evaluation, was employed to determine the optimal locations and sizes of BRBs. Case studies revealed that these two methods enhanced efficiency by approximately 50 times compared to the direct design by engineers while maintaining design rationality and safety. Overall, these results demonstrate the feasibility and generalizability of the method in practical engineering applications, offering a reference for the intelligent design of more complex structural retrofits in the future.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 2","pages":"530-547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling reinforced masonry buildings by a mechanics-based macroelement approach 基于力学的大元方法对加筋砌体建筑进行建模

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4267

Stefano Bracchi, Maria Rota, Andrea Penna

{"title":"Modelling reinforced masonry buildings by a mechanics-based macroelement approach","authors":"Stefano Bracchi, Maria Rota, Andrea Penna","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4267","url":null,"abstract":"The seismic behaviour of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings is frequently modelled using macroelements, in the framework of an equivalent-frame schematisation of the walls. Although the advantages of this modelling technique, mainly related to the compromise between computational burden and accuracy of the results, appear to be valid also in the case of reinforced masonry (RM) buildings, few attempts have been made to extend its applicability to RM. This work proposes a mechanics-based macroelement approach to simulate the in-plane nonlinear response of RM piers, starting from a macroelement model widely adopted for URM and implemented in the TREMURI software. The strategy consists of discretising a masonry pier into sub-macroelements, representative of masonry and horizontal reinforcement, with nonlinear beams representing vertical reinforcement. Experimental tests performed on clay blocks RM piers were simulated to test the efficiency of this model in capturing the strength and cyclic behaviour associated with different damage mechanisms. More complex structures were then studied, starting from assemblies of piers, up to entire buildings. Even in these cases, the modelling approach proved to be able to model the nonlinear cyclic behaviour. Finally, the model was used to compare the response of two buildings in their unreinforced and reinforced configurations, through nonlinear static and dynamic analyses.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 2","pages":"508-529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inductive graph-based long short-term memory network for the prediction of nonlinear floor responses and member forces of steel buildings subjected to orthogonal horizontal ground motions 基于感应图的长短期记忆网络预测钢结构在水平正交地震动作用下的非线性楼板响应和构件力

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4264

Yuan-Tung Chou, Po-Chih Kuo, Kuang-Yao Li, Wei-Tze Chang, Yin-Nan Huang, Chuin-Shan Chen

{"title":"Inductive graph-based long short-term memory network for the prediction of nonlinear floor responses and member forces of steel buildings subjected to orthogonal horizontal ground motions","authors":"Yuan-Tung Chou, Po-Chih Kuo, Kuang-Yao Li, Wei-Tze Chang, Yin-Nan Huang, Chuin-Shan Chen","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4264","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a novel hierarchical graph-based long short-term memory network designed for predicting the nonlinear seismic responses of building structures. We represent buildings as graphs with nodes and edges and utilize graph neural network (GNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) technology to predict their responses when subjected to orthogonal horizontal ground motions. The model was trained using the results of nonlinear response-history analyses using 2000 sample 4–7-story steel moment resisting frames and 88 pairs of ground-motion records from earthquakes with a moment magnitude greater than 6.0 and closest site-to-fault distance shorter than 20 km. The results demonstrate the model's great performance in predicting floor acceleration, velocity, and displacement, as well as shear force, bending moment, and plastic hinges in beams and columns. Furthermore, the model has learned to recognize the significance of the first mode period of a building. The model's robust generalizability across diverse building geometry and its comprehensive predictions of floor responses and member forces position it as a potential surrogate model for the response-history analysis of buildings.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 2","pages":"491-507"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eqe.4264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-linear time history analyses of a rigid block isolated with unbonded fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (UFREIs): A comparison between 3D finite element and phenomenological models 非粘结纤维增强弹性体隔振器隔振刚性块的非线性时程分析：三维有限元模型与现象学模型的比较

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4263

Hediyeh Sheikh, Gaetano Pianese, Rajeev Ruparathna, Niel C. Van Engelen, Gabriele Milani

{"title":"Non-linear time history analyses of a rigid block isolated with unbonded fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (UFREIs): A comparison between 3D finite element and phenomenological models","authors":"Hediyeh Sheikh, Gaetano Pianese, Rajeev Ruparathna, Niel C. Van Engelen, Gabriele Milani","doi":"10.1002/eqe.4263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4263","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical modeling represents a pivotal tool in the seismic analysis and design of structural systems, enabling the detailed prediction and examination of structural responses under seismic loading. This research conducts a comparative analysis of two numerical modeling approaches aimed at simulating the seismic response of unbonded fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (UFREIs). The research focuses on a finite element (FE) model developed using Abaqus and a developed phenomenological model implemented in OpenSees, outlining the development and calibration processes for each. The FE model is developed based on simple rubber material testing data, while the phenomenological model is calibrated using experimental results from cyclic shear tests conducted on the UFREI device and the FE model. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of these modeling approaches in predicting UFREI behavior under seismic conditions. This evaluation entails comparing model predictions with experimental data obtained from unidirectional shake table tests performed on a rigid block isolated by two UFREIs. This paper highlights the distinct advantages and limitations of each model in simulating UFREI dynamic responses during seismic events. Furthermore, it provides insights into the modeling techniques and discusses the computational demands and data requirements of each model, thereby aiding in their application to various aspects of seismic analysis and design.","PeriodicalId":11390,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics","volume":"54 2","pages":"449-470"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eqe.4263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uncertainty quantification for seismic response using dimensionality reduction-based stochastic simulator 基于降维随机模拟器的地震反应不确定性量化

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/eqe.4265

Jungho Kim, Ziqi Wang

引用次数: 0