Current Biology最新文献

{"title":"Gut microbiome: Temperate and latent phages are dominant in the human gut.","authors":"Yan Huang, Teng Wang, Yingfei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most gut bacteria are lysogens, harboring temperate phages whose induction leads to host lysis and disrupts the microbiome. A recent paper combines mathematical modeling to calculate the virus-to-microbe ratio in the gut and estimates a phage-induction rate of approximately 0.001-0.01 per bacterium per day. This provides new insights into the population dynamics and lifestyle characteristics of human gut phages.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 10","pages":"R377-R379"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian photoreceptor homologies and the origin of double cones.","authors":"Yu Liu, Erica C Hurley, Yohey Ogawa, Maria Gause, Matthew B Toomey, Connie A Myers, Joseph C Corbo","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 10","pages":"2474"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural circuits underlying divergent visuomotor strategies of zebrafish and Danionella cerebrum.","authors":"Kaitlyn E Fouke, Zichen He, Matthew D Loring, Eva A Naumann","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many animals respond to sensory cues with species-specific coordinated movements.¹^,² A universal visually guided behavior is the optomotor response (OMR),³^,⁴^,⁵^,⁶ which stabilizes the body by following optic flow induced by displacements in currents.⁷ While the brain-wide OMR circuits in zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been characterized,⁸^,⁹^,¹⁰^,¹¹^,¹² the homologous neural functions across teleost species with different ecological niches, such as Danionella cerebrum,¹³^,¹⁴^,¹⁵ remain largely unexplored. Here, we directly compare larval zebrafish and D. cerebrum to uncover the neural mechanisms underlying the natural variation of visuomotor coordination. Closed-loop behavioral tracking during visual stimulation revealed that D. cerebrum follow optic flow by swimming continuously, punctuated with sharp directional turns, in contrast to the burst-and-glide locomotion of zebrafish.¹⁶ Although D. cerebrum swim at higher average speeds, they lack the direction-dependent velocity modulation observed in zebrafish. Two-photon calcium imaging and tail tracking showed that both species exhibit direction-selective encoding in putative homologous regions, with D. cerebrum containing more monocular neurons. D. cerebrum sustain significantly longer directed swims across all stimuli than zebrafish, with zebrafish reducing tail movement duration in response to oblique, turn-inducing stimuli. While locomotion-associated neurons in D. cerebrum display more prolonged activity than zebrafish, lateralized turn-associated neural activity in the hindbrain suggests a shared neural circuit architecture that independently controls movement vigor and direction. These findings highlight the diversity in visuomotor strategies among teleost species with shared circuit motifs, establishing a framework for unraveling the neural mechanisms driving continuous and discrete locomotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2457-2466.e4"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Devonian sphenopsid shows evidence of aquatic adaptations.","authors":"Le Liu, Yi Zhou, Pu Huang, Min Qin, Li Liu, Peng Xu, De-Ming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.03.067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.03.067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular plants diversified and adapted to various terrestrial environments during the Silurian and Devonian periods and had formed complex forests by the Middle and Late Devonian¹. However, fossil evidence of functional adaptations to aquatic environments remains scarce, from forms with only submerged subterranean parts to fully submerged types. Notably, emergent plants, with partially submerged shoots, provide insights into how different plant parts utilize ecological resources in aquatic habitats. Sphenopsids (Late Devonian to present, e.g., Equisetum) exhibit nodal axes and whorled appendages (branches, leaves, and roots)²^,³. Among them, the Sphenophyllales, with wedge-shaped or dichotomized leaves, occupied Permo-Carboniferous swamp habitats³^,⁴. The South China Block was located in the equatorial tropics in the Late Devonian and hosted a significant diversity of sphenopsids³. Here, we report Eviostachya cf. hoegii from the Upper Devonian (Guanshan Member, Wutong Formation), in strata underlying the Xinhang lycopsid forest⁵ from the same localities in Anhui Province, China, exhibiting characteristics that suggest some of the earliest functional emergent adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 10","pages":"R373-R374"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertebrate vision: New light on the enigmatic double cone.","authors":"Almut Kelber","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Double cones have been described in the retinae of both fishes and tetrapods. While fish double cones are two closely attached single cones, the two members of tetrapod double cones each evolved to be distinctly different from all single cones.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 10","pages":"R382-R384"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontal-auditory cortical interactions and sensory prediction during vocal production in marmoset monkeys.","authors":"Joji Tsunada, Steven J Eliades","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.03.077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.03.077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The control of speech and vocal production involves the calculation of error between the intended vocal output and the resulting auditory feedback. This model has been supported by evidence that the auditory cortex (AC) is suppressed immediately before and during vocal production yet remains sensitive to differences between vocal output and altered auditory feedback. This suppression has been suggested to be the result of top-down signals about the intended vocal output, potentially originating from frontal cortical (FC) areas. However, whether FC is the source of suppressive and predictive signaling to AC during vocalization remains unknown. Here, we simultaneously recorded neural activity from both AC and FC of marmoset monkeys during self-initiated vocalizations. We found increases in neural activity in both brain areas from 1 to 0.5 s before vocal production (early pre-vocal period), specifically changes in both multi-unit activity and theta-band power. Connectivity analysis using Granger causality demonstrated that FC sends directed signaling to AC during this early pre-vocal period. Importantly, early pre-vocal activity correlated with both vocalization-induced suppression in AC as well as the structure and acoustics of subsequent calls, such as fundamental frequency. Furthermore, bidirectional auditory-frontal interactions emerged during experimentally altered vocal feedback and predicted subsequent compensatory vocal behavior. These results suggest that FC communicates with AC during vocal production, with frontal-to-auditory signals that may reflect the transmission of sensory prediction information before vocalization and bidirectional signaling during vocalization suggestive of error detection that could drive feedback-dependent vocal control.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2307-2322.e3"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cathepsin X is a conserved cell death protein involved in algal response to environmental stress.","authors":"Avia Mizrachi, Mai Sadeh, Shifra Ben-Dor, Orly Dym, Chuan Ku, Ester Feldmesser, Amichai Zarfin, John K Brunson, Andrew E Allen, Robert E Jinkerson, Daniella Schatz, Assaf Vardi","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.03.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.03.045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytoplankton are responsible for half of the global photosynthesis and form vast blooms in aquatic ecosystems. Bloom demise fuels marine microbial life and is suggested to be mediated by programmed cell death (PCD) induced by diverse environmental stressors. Despite its importance, the molecular basis for algal PCD remains elusive. Here, we reveal novel PCD genes conserved across distant algal lineages using cell-to-cell heterogeneity in the response of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to oxidative stress. Comparative transcriptomics of sorted sensitive and resilient subpopulations following oxidative stress revealed genes directly linked to their contrasting fates of cell death and survival. Comparing these genes with those found in a large-scale mutant screen in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii identified functionally relevant conserved PCD gene candidates, including the cysteine protease cathepsin X/Z (CPX). CPX mutants in P. tricornutum CPX1 and C. reinhardtii CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASE 12 (CEP12) exhibited resilience to oxidative stress and infochemicals that induce PCD, supporting a conserved function of these genes in algal PCD. Phylogenetic and predictive structural analyses show that CPX is highly conserved in eukaryotes, and algae exhibit strong structural similarity to human Cathepsin X/Z (CTSZ), a protein linked to various diseases. CPX is expressed by diverse algae across the oceans and correlates with upcoming demise events during toxic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms, providing support for its ecological significance. Elucidating PCD components in algae sheds light on the evolutionary origin of PCD in unicellular organisms and on the cellular strategies employed by the population to cope with stressful conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2240-2255.e6"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell death: A conserved cathepsin X controls algal cell fate.","authors":"Katherine E Helliwell","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.03.052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.03.052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discovery of a conserved protein (cathepsin X) dictating cell fate in diverse algae sheds light on the ancient evolutionary origins of programmed cell death in unicellular eukaryotes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 10","pages":"R379-R381"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peggy Hill.","authors":"Peggy Hill","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interview with Peggy Hill, who studies vibrational communication and is Professor Emerita of Biological Science at the University of Tulsa.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 10","pages":"R361-R365"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speciation: Sexual selection also plays a role in plants.","authors":"Michael G Ritchie, John R Pannell","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of sexual selection in the origin of species has been recognised due to striking differences in courtship traits and behaviours between many animal species. New work highlights similarities in sexual competition and speciation between plants and animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 10","pages":"R393-R395"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}