Current Biology最新文献

{"title":"Choice of traits defines the scope for assisted evolution of corals under climate change.","authors":"Liam Lachs, Adriana Humanes, Cinzia Alessi, Asap Bukurrou, John C Bythell, Daniel Cassidy, Alasdair J Edwards, Yimnang Golbuu, Leevan Manuel, Helios M Martinez, Eveline van der Steeg, John E Stratford, Ruben de La Torre Cerro, Alastair J Wilson, James R Guest","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine heatwaves, exacerbated by climate change, are causing widespread coral mortality. Novel host-associated assisted evolution interventions, such as selective breeding, are now being considered to enhance coral heatwave tolerance and promote population persistence. Yet the evolutionary constraints associated with targeting different heat tolerance traits and the risks of unintended fitness costs remain uncertain. Here, we quantify key life history traits for Acropora aff. digitifera corals in a pedigree-tracked managed population. We find weak-to-moderate positive genetic correlations among coral's tolerance to a 1-month 32.5°C heatwave and shorter acute exposures-1-2 weeks at 34.5°C and 6 days of 36°C daily pulses-suggesting a partially shared genetic architecture. However, photo-symbiont efficiency loss under a rapid heat shock assay (38.5°C) was genetically uncorrelated with bleaching and mortality-based heatwave tolerance, indicating that such widely used assays may not reliably identify tolerant coral genotypes for breeding and conservation. Encouragingly, we detected no genetically based trade-offs between heat tolerance and other fitness traits-reproduction, growth, tissue biomass, and symbiont flexibility-and a weak positive correlation with calcification. Evolutionary simulations show that achieving the tolerance levels required to withstand future heatwaves is theoretically possible but requires extremely strong selection, which introduces additional challenges and risks. Alongside rapid emissions reductions, reef management, and restoration interventions will need to carefully consider trait selection to fully harness the evolutionary potential of corals under climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2222-2232.e6"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin promotes sleep by suppressing responses to visual stimuli via MT1 receptors.","authors":"Andrew J Hill, Olivia Eliopoulos, Jasmine Emtage, Grigorios Oikonomou, David A Prober","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep is regulated by a homeostatic process that increases sleep propensity with time spent awake and a circadian process that determines when most sleep occurs during the 24-h circadian cycle. While several factors mediate homeostatic regulation of sleep in a partially redundant manner, circadian regulation of sleep is abolished in zebrafish that lack melatonin, indicating that melatonin is indispensable for circadian regulation of sleep in this diurnal species. However, the mechanisms through which melatonin promotes sleep are unclear. Here, we show that melatonin is both necessary and sufficient for sleep in zebrafish due to signaling via melatonin receptor 1a paralogs. We found that these receptors are highly expressed in neurons that receive and process visual information and that melatonin suppresses behavioral responses to visual stimuli. These results indicate that circadian regulation of sleep is implemented, at least in part, by the suppression of responses to environmental stimuli, which is an essential feature of sleep.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2270-2284.e4"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presynaptic computation of reward intensities through the dual autoreceptor system.","authors":"Kokoro Saito, Shun Hiramatsu, Aoi Watanabe, Hongyang Wu, Toshiharu Ichinose, Nobuhiro Yamagata, Hiromu Tanimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To make optimal decisions, animals must accurately differentiate reward intensities, yet synaptic mechanisms for this computation remain poorly understood. Here, we show presynaptic gain control of reward signals in the dopaminergic neurons (DANs) of Drosophila melanogaster, mediated by two opposing dopamine autoreceptors, Dop1R1 and Dop2R. Cell-type-specific endogenous protein tagging and functional imaging of the reward-signaling DANs revealed the localization of both receptors at active zones and the regulation of presynaptic calcium in response to distinct reward intensities. Reward learning with cell-type-specific silencing of these receptors uncovered the role of Dop2R in attenuating reward signals specifically at high concentrations of sugar and alcohol, in contrast to selective amplification of low-intensity rewards by Dop1R1. This dose-specific and bidirectional regulation may extend the dynamic range of perceived reward intensity, enabling the selection of options that predict better outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2357-2366.e4"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long flankers alleviate visual crowding by enhancing population target coding in macaque V1.","authors":"Cai-Xia Chen, Dan-Qing Jiang, Xin Wang, Shi-Ming Tang, Cong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual crowding refers to impaired recognition of stimuli in cluttered scenes and is often regarded as a fundamental limitation of object recognition in peripheral vision.¹^,² Recent evidence suggests that crowding can be weakened or even abolished when the flanker configuration is changed.³^,⁴^,⁵^,⁶^,⁷^,⁸ For example, crowding is substantially reduced when a target line is flanked by long lines rather than by equal-length lines, producing an \"uncrowding\" effect.⁴^,⁵^,⁷ However, the neural mechanisms underlying this uncrowding effect remain unclear. Here, we used two-photon calcium imaging to test the hypothesis that long flankers reduce crowding by alleviating surround suppression in V1 and/or V4. We simultaneously recorded responses of large populations of V1 or V4 neurons to a line target flanked by either equal-length or long lines in awake, fixating macaques. Compared with equal-length flankers, long flankers alleviated surround suppression in V1 by reducing average response suppression and improving orientation representational geometry and decoding accuracy to levels comparable to the baseline target-alone condition. In contrast, long flankers in V4 produced stronger suppression and further degraded representational geometry and decoding accuracy. These results indicate that long flankers reduce surround suppression and crowding in V1, with their signals potentially bypassing V4 during readout.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2454-2460.e4"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A central somatotopic map of the fly leg supports spatially targeted grooming.","authors":"Leila Elabbady, Grant M Chou, Anne Sustar, Andrew Cook, Forrest Collman, John C Tuthill","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animals continuously monitor their body surfaces to detect and remove debris or parasites. Effective grooming requires that tactile inputs from specific body regions be converted into precisely targeted motor actions, but the neural circuits that support this sensorimotor transformation remain poorly understood. Here, we combine genetic tools and connectomics to elucidate a central somatotopic map of the Drosophila leg. We show that the axonal projections of leg touch receptors within the fly's ventral nerve cord (VNC) are organized along the same cardinal axes as the developing leg. Somatotopically organized bristle axons target a specific class of developmentally related local interneurons, which imbricate the leg map with overlapping receptive fields of different shapes and sizes. These second-order interneurons target distinct pools of premotor interneurons, which in turn synapse directly onto motor neurons that control leg muscles. Optogenetic activation of second-order interneurons elicits spatially targeted grooming of specific leg regions, consistent with our spatial receptive field predictions based on the connectome. Together, our results suggest that this four-layer circuit processes spatial information from a somatotopic map of the fly leg to guide targeted grooming behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2192-2206.e4"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13078724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microtubule organization and molecular architecture of ciliary basal bodies in multiciliated airway cells.","authors":"Emma J van Grinsven, Eugene A Katrukha, Karen B van den Anker, Fangrui Chen, Jeffrey M Beekman, Lukas C Kapitein, Anna Akhmanova","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microtubule organization depends on cell type and function. Microtubule networks of many differentiated cell types, such as epithelial cells, are poorly understood due to their complexity and high density. Here, we used expansion microscopy to visualize and quantitatively map the three-dimensional organization of the microtubule network in human airway multiciliated cells. In these cells, most apical and apicobasal microtubules nucleate and anchor at the basal foot, a part of the ciliary basal body. A small subset of stable microtubules is detached from basal bodies and forms an apical crescent. By combining expansion microscopy with a newly developed averaging tool for multichannel volumetric data, we generated a high-resolution 3D map of the basal body. We delineated the position of structural components and proteins involved in microtubule nucleation and anchoring, uncovering some interesting differences with centrioles of dividing cells. γ-TuRC, its binding partners NEDD1 and augmin/HAUS, and centriolar appendage proteins ninein and AKNA localize to the basal foot. Functional analyses demonstrated that NEDD1 is essential for basal foot-dependent microtubule organization. Our data reveal the distinct architecture of microtubule-organizing centers responsible for the formation of dense microtubule arrays in multiciliated cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2285-2303.e8"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary history of Jamestown Canyon virus reveals complex multi-vector ecology.","authors":"Ellie Bourgikos, Simon Dellicour, Philippe Lemey, Nicole M Feriancek, Angela B Bransfield, Mallery I Breban, Michael J Misencik, Tanya A Petruff, John J Shepard, Theodore G Andreadis, John F Anderson, Kiet A Ngo, Joseph G Maffei, Alan P Dupuis, Stephen M Rich, Guang Xu, Gabrielle Sakolsky, Keith J Price, Madeline L Metzger, Marc A Suchard, Rafael Lopes, Fabiana Gámbaro, Colin J Carlson, Guy Baele, Alexander T Ciota, Chantal B F Vogels, Verity Hill, Philip M Armstrong, Nathan D Grubaugh","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) is a historically understudied mosquito-borne virus of increasing concern in North America. We generated 658 whole-genome JCV sequences from northeast United States, including 84% (500/597) of all JCV-positive mosquitoes detected in Connecticut from 1997 to 2022. Then, we applied phylodynamic methods to demonstrate how mosquito phenology structures the maintenance and evolution of JCV. Our phylogenetic analyses estimate that JCV was introduced in the Northeast by at least the early 1700s, and the primary introductions of lineages A and B into Connecticut occurred during the mid-1800s to mid-1900s. Further, we estimate that JCV evolves at a rate of ∼3 × 10^-5 substitutions per site per year (s/s/y), making it one of the slowest-evolving known RNA viruses, because the virus spends ∼10 months per year in evolutionary stasis while overwintering in mosquito eggs. To investigate ecological drivers of JCV spread in Connecticut, we paired discrete trait and continuous phylogeographic reconstructions with mosquito surveillance data. We estimate that JCV has a low diffusion rate of ∼30-60 km²/year, which is more similar to slow-moving tick-borne viruses than to other mosquito-borne viruses. We found that univoltine Aedes mosquitoes were likely to maintain the virus across years through overwintering in eggs, accounting for its slow evolution and dispersal, while multivoltine mosquitoes contributed to periodic bursts of spatial diffusion and amplification within seasons. We demonstrate the utility of dense sequencing and phylodynamics to disentangle complex transmission cycles, offering a framework for rapidly advancing our evolutionary and ecological knowledge of understudied viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2343-2356.e7"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The shared genomic history of Middle- to Late-Holocene populations from the Southern Cone of South America.","authors":"Kim-Louise Krettek, María Barbara Postillone, Lucía Spangenberg, Javier Maravall-López, Nicola Rambaldi Migliore, Ana María Chero Osorio, Hugo Naya, Ella Reiter, Tatiana Tondini, Mariano Bonomo, Valeria Bernal, Mariela E Gonzalez, Nahuel Scheifler, Pablo G Messineo, Gustavo Flensborg, Cristina Dejean, Alessandro Achilli, David Reich, José López Mazz, S Ivan Perez, Gustavo Politis, Gustavo Martínez, Cosimo Posth","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Southern Cone represents the southernmost region of South America settled by humans. Although ancient genomes from southern Patagonia have been sequenced, genomes from the central Southern Cone (CSC) remain temporally and spatially sparse. Archaeology documents major cultural transformations during the Middle and Late Holocene, yet their relationship with demographic processes has been debated. We present genome-wide data from 52 individuals spanning 6,000 years, originating from four regions of the CSC in present-day Argentina and Uruguay: the central and southern Pampas, Northwest Patagonia, the Paraná River Delta and Lower Uruguay River, and the eastern lowlands of Uruguay. Genomic evidence from the Pampas reveals the presence of at least three distinct ancestries during the Middle Holocene. Although genetic contacts with southern Patagonian groups were sporadic, we identified the expansion of an ancestry of unknown geographic origin by 5,500 years ago (ya), which increased during the Late Holocene. This ancestry arrived in Northwest Patagonia by at least 600 ya and co-existed locally with a southern Andean genetic profile until colonial times. Genetic structure differentiates populations along the Paraná River Delta and Lower Uruguay River by 1,500 ya. Individuals from the eastern lowlands of Uruguay show genetic links with Sambaqui-associated populations from the southern coast of Brazil, suggesting the role of human dispersals in connecting tropical lowland cultural traditions. Our work documents the diffusion of genetically distinct groups across all studied regions and provides compelling evidence that large-scale human movements contributed to the remarkable cultural diversity of CSC populations during the Middle and Late Holocene.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2382-2396.e14"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organelle mechanics: A brace for the Plasmodium basal body.","authors":"Markus Engstler","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During Plasmodium male gamete formation, axoneme release places extraordinary mechanical stress on a structurally simplified basal body. A new study identifies Calcifer as a late-recruited stabilizer that protects this vulnerable organelle from force-induced failure, revealing an elegant evolutionary solution to a severe biomechanical challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"36 9","pages":"R389-R391"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaze stabilization: Bats do move their eyes but differently from mice.","authors":"Stefan Glasauer, François Lambert","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While bats are well-studied for their echolocating sense, it has been unclear whether they make eye movements. A recent study shows that bats do move their eyes, but their gaze-stabilizing responses are weaker than in mice despite a comparable vestibular system.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"36 9","pages":"R394-R396"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}