Current Biology最新文献_第3页

Compacted hair in broken teeth reveals dietary prey of historic lions. 断裂牙齿中的压缩毛发揭示了历史上狮子的饮食猎物。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 Epub Date: 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.029

Alida de Flamingh, Thomas P Gnoske, Julian C Kerbis Peterhans, Velizar A Simeonovski, Nduhiu Gitahi, Ogeto Mwebi, Bernard R Agwanda, Julian M Catchen, Alfred L Roca, Ripan S Malhi

{"title":"Compacted hair in broken teeth reveals dietary prey of historic lions.","authors":"Alida de Flamingh, Thomas P Gnoske, Julian C Kerbis Peterhans, Velizar A Simeonovski, Nduhiu Gitahi, Ogeto Mwebi, Bernard R Agwanda, Julian M Catchen, Alfred L Roca, Ripan S Malhi","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.029","url":null,"abstract":"With recent advances, nuclear genome data for phylogenomic analyses can now be sequenced from minuscule quantities of DNA1 and from specimens that are more than a million years old.2 DNA analysis from hair is a well-established approach3 widely used in forensic science4 and wildlife conservation.5 Hair samples can be effectively decontaminated6 and can be used to identify the mammalian species from which the hair was shed.7,8 We aimed to use advances optimized for degraded DNA to systematically identify dietary prey species from hair compacted in the teeth of two Tsavo lions that lived during the 1890s in Kenya (see description of samples in the STAR Methods and Patterson9 and Kerbis Peterhans and Gnoske10 for background on the Tsavo \"man-eaters\"). Analysis of hair DNA identified giraffe, human, oryx, waterbuck, wildebeest, and zebra as prey and also identified hair that originated from lion. DNA preservation allowed for analyses of complete mitogenome profiles of zebra, giraffe, and lion. Giraffe mitogenomes are phylogeographically partitioned, and we found that the lions ate at least two individuals that belong to a subspecies of Masai giraffe (Giraffa tippelskirchi tippelskirchi) typically found in southeast Kenya. The lion mitogenome from a hair sample was identical to the Tsavo lion endogenous mitogenome and most closely matched other East African lions from Kenya and Tanzania. Our approach enables a better understanding of the hunting behaviors, diets, and ecology of historical individuals, populations, and species and holds promise for extinct populations and species.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemical ecology: Bacteria-fungi interaction for plant biocontrol. 化学生态学：细菌与真菌在植物生物防治中的相互作用。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.071

Ákos T Kovács

引用次数: 0

Cognitive development: Sudden integration of abstract concepts in a hippocampal map. 认知发展：海马图中抽象概念的突然整合。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.077

Rachel Carayon, Pierre-Pascal Lenck-Santini

引用次数: 0

Evolution: Repeat adaptation in the hot spring. 进化：温泉中的重复适应

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.054

Magdalena Bohutínská

引用次数: 0

Dynamic shape-shifting of the single-celled eukaryotic predator Lacrymaria via unconventional cytoskeletal components. 通过非常规细胞骨架成分实现单细胞真核捕食者漆树真菌的动态形状转变。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.003

Weiwei Qin, Che Hu, Siyu Gu, Jing Zhang, Chuanqi Jiang, Xiaocui Chai, Zaitian Liao, Mingkun Yang, Fang Zhou, Dingbang Kang, Tingting Pan, Yuan Xiao, Kai Chen, Guangying Wang, Feng Ge, Kaiyao Huang, Chengcai Zhang, Alan Warren, Jie Xiong, Wei Miao

{"title":"Dynamic shape-shifting of the single-celled eukaryotic predator Lacrymaria via unconventional cytoskeletal components.","authors":"Weiwei Qin, Che Hu, Siyu Gu, Jing Zhang, Chuanqi Jiang, Xiaocui Chai, Zaitian Liao, Mingkun Yang, Fang Zhou, Dingbang Kang, Tingting Pan, Yuan Xiao, Kai Chen, Guangying Wang, Feng Ge, Kaiyao Huang, Chengcai Zhang, Alan Warren, Jie Xiong, Wei Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"Eukaryotic cells depend on dynamic changes in shape to fulfill a wide range of cellular functions, maintain essential biological processes, and regulate cellular behavior. The single-celled, predatory ciliate Lacrymaria exhibits extraordinary dynamic shape-shifting using a flexible \"neck\" that can stretch 7-8 times the length of its body to capture prey. The molecular mechanism behind this morphological change remains a mystery. We have observed that when in an active state, Lacrymaria repeatedly extends and contracts its neck to enable 360-degree space search and prey capture. This remarkable morphological change involves a unique actin-myosin system rather than the Ca2+-dependent system found in other contractile ciliates. Two cytoskeletons are identified in the cortex of the Lacrymaria cell, namely the myoneme cytoskeleton and the microtubule cytoskeleton. The myoneme cytoskeleton is composed of centrin-myosin proteins, exhibiting distinct patterns between the neck and body, with their boundary seemingly associated with the position of the macronucleus. A novel giant protein forming a ladder-like structure was discovered as a component of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Thick centrin-myosin fibers are situated very close to the right side of the ladders in the neck but are far away from such structures in the body. This arrangement enables the decoupling of the neck and body. Plasmodium-like unconventional actin has been discovered in Lacrymaria, and this may form highly dynamic short filaments that could attach to the giant protein and myosin, facilitating coordination between the two cytoskeletons in the neck. In summary, this fascinating organism employs unconventional cytoskeletal components to accomplish its extraordinary dynamic shape-shifting.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dopey-dependent regulation of extracellular vesicles maintains neuronal morphology. 多派依赖性细胞外囊泡调节维持神经元形态

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.018

Seungmee Park, Nathaniel Noblett, Lauren Pitts, Antonio Colavita, Ann M Wehman, Yishi Jin, Andrew D Chisholm

{"title":"Dopey-dependent regulation of extracellular vesicles maintains neuronal morphology.","authors":"Seungmee Park, Nathaniel Noblett, Lauren Pitts, Antonio Colavita, Ann M Wehman, Yishi Jin, Andrew D Chisholm","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.018","url":null,"abstract":"Mature neurons maintain their distinctive morphology for extended periods in adult life. Compared to developmental neurite outgrowth, axon guidance, and target selection, relatively little is known of mechanisms that maintain the morphology of mature neurons. Loss of function in C. elegans dip-2, a member of the conserved lipid metabolic regulator Dip2 family, results in progressive overgrowth of neurites in adults. We find that dip-2 mutants display specific genetic interactions with sax-2, the C. elegans ortholog of Drosophila Furry and mammalian FRY. Combined loss of dip-2 and sax-2 results in failure to maintain neuronal morphology and elevated release of neuronal extracellular vesicles (EVs). By screening for suppressors of dip-2(0) sax-2(0) double mutant defects, we identified gain-of-function (gf) mutations in the conserved Dopey family protein PAD-1 and its associated phospholipid flippase TAT-5/ATP9A that restore normal neuronal morphology and normal levels of EV release to dip-2(0) sax-2(0) double mutants. Neuron-specific knockdown suggests that PAD-1(gf) can act cell autonomously in neurons. PAD-1(gf) displays increased association with the plasma membrane in oocytes and inhibits EV release in multiple cell types. Our findings uncover a novel functional network of DIP-2, SAX-2, PAD-1, and TAT-5 that maintains neuronal morphology and modulates EV release.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensory representations in primary visual cortex are not sufficient for subjective imagery. 初级视觉皮层中的感觉表征不足以产生主观想象。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 Epub Date: 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.062

Giulia Cabbai, Chris Racey, Julia Simner, Carla Dance, Jamie Ward, Sophie Forster

{"title":"Sensory representations in primary visual cortex are not sufficient for subjective imagery.","authors":"Giulia Cabbai, Chris Racey, Julia Simner, Carla Dance, Jamie Ward, Sophie Forster","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.062","url":null,"abstract":"The contemporary definition of mental imagery is characterized by two aspects: a sensory representation that resembles, but does not result from, perception, and an associated subjective experience. Neuroimaging demonstrated imagery-related sensory representations in primary visual cortex (V1) that show striking parallels to perception. However, it remains unclear whether these representations always reflect subjective experience or if they can be dissociated from it. We addressed this question by comparing sensory representations and subjective imagery among visualizers and aphantasics, the latter with an impaired ability to experience imagery. Importantly, to test for the presence of sensory representations independently of the ability to generate imagery on demand, we examined both spontaneous and voluntary imagery forms. Using multivariate fMRI, we tested for decodable sensory representations in V1 and subjective visual imagery reports that occurred either spontaneously (during passive listening of evocative sounds) or in response to the instruction to voluntarily generate imagery of the sound content (always while blindfolded inside the scanner). Among aphantasics, V1 decoding of sound content was at chance during voluntary imagery, and lower than in visualizers, but it succeeded during passive listening, despite them reporting no imagery. In contrast, in visualizers, decoding accuracy in V1 was greater in voluntary than spontaneous imagery (while being positively associated with the reported vividness of both imagery types). Finally, for both conditions, decoding in precuneus was successful in visualizers but at chance for aphantasics. Together, our findings show that V1 representations can be dissociated from subjective imagery, while implicating a key role of precuneus in the latter.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cell biology: A new twist in the formin tail. 细胞生物学甲形蛋白尾部的新转折

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.044

Fatima Cvrčková

引用次数: 0

Spatial representation: How fish know their place. 空间表征：鱼类如何知道自己的位置

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.038

Frances S Cho, Lisa M Giocomo

引用次数: 0

Regulation of outer kinetochore assembly during meiosis I and II by CENP-A and KNL-2/M18BP1 in C. elegans oocytes. 优雅小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂 I 和 II 期间 CENP-A 和 KNL-2/M18BP1 对外动点组装的调控。

IF 8.1 1区生物学

Current Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.004

Laura Bellutti, Nicolas Macaisne, Layla El Mossadeq, Thadshagine Ganeswaran, Julie C Canman, Julien Dumont

{"title":"Regulation of outer kinetochore assembly during meiosis I and II by CENP-A and KNL-2/M18BP1 in C. elegans oocytes.","authors":"Laura Bellutti, Nicolas Macaisne, Layla El Mossadeq, Thadshagine Ganeswaran, Julie C Canman, Julien Dumont","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"During cell division, chromosomes build kinetochores that attach to spindle microtubules. Kinetochores usually form at the centromeres, which contain CENP-A nucleosomes. The outer kinetochore, which is the core attachment site for microtubules, is composed of the KMN network (Knl1c, Mis12c, and Ndc80c complexes) and is recruited downstream of CENP-A and its partner CENP-C. In C. elegans oocytes, kinetochores have been suggested to form independently of CENP-A nucleosomes. Yet kinetochore formation requires CENP-C, which acts in parallel to the nucleoporin MEL-28ELYS. Here, we used a combination of RNAi and Degron-based depletion of CENP-A (or downstream CENP-C) to demonstrate that both proteins are in fact responsible for a portion of outer kinetochore assembly during meiosis I and are essential for accurate chromosome segregation. The remaining part requires the coordinated action of KNL-2 (ortholog of human M18BP1) and of the nucleoporin MEL-28ELYS. Accordingly, co-depletion of CENP-A (or CENP-C) and KNL-2M18BP1 (or MEL-28ELYS) prevented outer kinetochore assembly in oocytes during meiosis I. We further found that KNL-2M18BP1 and MEL-28ELYS are interdependent for kinetochore localization. Using engineered mutants, we demonstrated that KNL-2M18BP1 recruits MEL-28ELYS at meiotic kinetochores through a specific N-terminal domain, independently of its canonical CENP-A loading factor activity. Finally, we found that meiosis II outer kinetochore assembly was solely dependent on the canonical CENP-A/CENP-C pathway. Thus, like in most cells, outer kinetochore assembly in C. elegans oocytes depends on centromeric chromatin. However, during meiosis I, an additional KNL-2M18BP1 and MEL-28ELYS pathway acts in a non-redundant manner and in parallel to canonical centromeric chromatin.","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0