Current Biology最新文献

{"title":"Sleep-wake-related changes in intracellular chloride regulate plasticity at glutamatergic cortical synapses.","authors":"Hannah Alfonsa, Atreyi Chakrabarty, Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy, Colin J Akerman","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wakefulness and sleep affect the brain's ability to exhibit plastic changes.¹^,² For instance, the potentiation of cortical excitatory synaptic connections is associated with the active period, when animals are mainly awake.³^,⁴^,⁵^,⁶^,⁷ It is unclear, however, how changes in neuronal physiology that are associated with sleep-wake history, affect the mechanisms responsible for synaptic plasticity. Recently, it has been shown that sleep-wake history alters transmembrane chloride (Cl^-) gradients in cortical pyramidal neurons via Cl^- cotransporter activity, which shifts the reversal potential for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors (E_GABAA) when assessed in vivo and in vitro.⁸^,⁹ Hyperpolarizing E_GABAA values are associated with recent sleep, whereas depolarizing E_GABAA values are associated with recent waking. Here, we demonstrate that sleep-wake-history-related changes in E_GABAA affect membrane potential dynamics and glutamatergic long-term potentiation (LTP) elicited by spiking activity in pyramidal neurons of the mouse cortex. Reducing the depolarized shift in E_GABAA during the active period reduces the potentiation of cortical excitatory synapses onto layer 5 (L5) pyramidal neurons. Depolarized E_GABAA values facilitate LTP induction by promoting residual membrane depolarization during synaptically evoked spiking. Changes in LTP induction associated with sleep-wake history can be reversed by switching the E_GABAA-dependent effects, either by using direct current injection to counteract the effects upon residual membrane potential depolarization or by modulating cotransporters that regulate E_GABAA. We conclude that E_GABAA dynamics provide a functional link between changes in a neuron's physiology that are associated with sleep-wake history and the mechanisms responsible for the induction of glutamatergic synaptic plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1373-1381.e3"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concerns about ancient DNA sequences reported from a Late Pleistocene individual from Southeast Asia.","authors":"Daniel Tabin, Nick Patterson, Matthew Mah, David Reich","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a 2022 Current Biology paper, Zhang et al.¹ reported DNA sequences from an approximately 14-thousand-year-old female skeleton from Red Deer Cave referred to as 'Mengzi Ren' (MZR). MZR's data are the first DNA sequences reported from pre-Holocene Southeast Asia, revealing genetic affinities dissimilar to all previously published ancient DNA data. Here, we show extremely high error rates, an abnormal error distribution and evidence of contamination by modern human sequences in the published DNA sequences of MZR. Even ignoring these issues, we fail to replicate key population genetic findings of Zhang et al.¹, namely that Native Americans are equally related to MZR and ancient Northeast Asians. These results raise concerns regarding the paper's conclusions about population history, such as the claim that there was \"an express northward expansion of AMHs starting in southern East Asia through the coastal line of China … eventually crossing the Bering Strait and reaching the Americas,\" and also about the general usability of the published sequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 6","pages":"R212-R213"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"David Sherwood.","authors":"David Sherwood","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interview with David Sherwood, who studies C. elegans to investigate the mechanisms that drive cellular behaviors that underly development and disease at Duke University.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 6","pages":"R202-R204"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental context influences visual processing in thalamus.","authors":"Kayla Peelman, Bilal Haider","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behavioral state modulates neural activity throughout the visual system.¹^,²^,³ This is largely due to changes in arousal that alter internal brain states.⁴^,⁵^,⁶^,⁷^,⁸^,⁹^,¹⁰ Much is known about how these internal factors influence visual processing,⁷^,⁸^,⁹^,¹⁰^,¹¹ but comparatively less is known about the role of external environmental contexts.¹² Environmental contexts can promote or prevent certain actions,¹³ and it remains unclear if and how this affects visual processing. Here, we addressed this question in the thalamus of awake, head-fixed mice while they viewed stimuli but remained stationary in two different environmental contexts: either a cylindrical tube or a circular running wheel that enabled locomotion. We made silicon probe recordings in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) while simultaneously measuring multiple metrics of arousal changes so that we could control for these across contexts. We found surprising differences in spatial and temporal processing in dLGN across contexts. The wheel context (versus tube) showed elevated baseline activity and faster but less spatially selective visual responses; however, these visual processing differences disappeared if the wheel no longer enabled locomotion. Our results reveal an unexpected influence of the physical environmental context on fundamental aspects of early visual processing, even in otherwise identical states of alertness and stillness.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1422-1430.e5"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11952198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroscience: Breathe in, fear out.","authors":"Christopher A Del Negro","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Slowly paced breathing underlies mind-body practices like yoga and meditation. Neuroscience is beginning to unravel the mechanisms underlying breathing and emotions, such as anxiety. Now a circuit from the neocortex to the primordial brainstem has been identified in mice, which modulates breathing and influences anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 6","pages":"R226-R228"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rodent senses: Whisking for sound not just touch.","authors":"Joshua C Brumberg","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rodents actively whisk their external environment, traditionally thought to only activate neurons in the somatosensory (touch) pathway. New evidence demonstrates that whisking of surfaces evokes sounds that activate the auditory pathway and are salient enough to allow for object identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 6","pages":"R231-R232"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Binocular processing facilitates escape behavior through multiple pathways to the superior colliculus.","authors":"Robin Broersen, Genevieve Thompson, Felix Thomas, Greg J Stuart","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The superior colliculus (SC) is the main brain region regulating defensive behaviors to visual threats. Yet, how the SC integrates binocular visual information and to what extent binocular vision drives defensive behaviors remains unknown. Here, we show that SC neurons respond to binocular visual input with diverse synaptic and spiking responses, summating visual inputs largely sublinearly. Using pathway-specific optogenetic silencing, we find that contralateral and ipsilateral visual information is carried to binocular SC neurons through retinal, interhemispheric, and corticotectal pathways. These pathways carry binocular visual input to the SC in a layer-specific manner, with superficial layers receiving visual information through retinal input, whereas intermediate and deep layers rely on interhemispheric and corticotectal pathways. We further show that binocular vision facilitates visually evoked escape behavior. Together, our data shed light on the cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying binocular visual processing in the SC and its role in defensive behaviors to visual threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1242-1257.e9"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143472336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Columnar cholinergic neurotransmission onto T5 cells of Drosophila.","authors":"Eleni Samara, Tabea Schilling, Inês M A Ribeiro, Juergen Haag, Maria-Bianca Leonte, Alexander Borst","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are expressed in the brain of Drosophila melanogaster. However, the contribution of different AChRs to visual information processing remains poorly understood. T5 cells are the primary motion-sensing neurons in the OFF pathway and receive input from four different columnar cholinergic neurons, Tm1, Tm2, Tm4, and Tm9. We reasoned that different AChRs in T5 postsynaptic sites might contribute to direction selectivity, a central feature of motion detection. We show that the nicotinic nAChRα1, nAChRα3, nAChRα4, nAChRα5, nAChRα7, and nAChβ1 subunits localize on T5 dendrites. By targeting synaptic markers specifically to each cholinergic input neuron, we find a prevalence of the nAChRα5 in Tm1, Tm2, and Tm4-to-T5 synapses and of nAChRα7 in Tm9-to-T5 synapses. Knockdown of nAChRα4, nAChRα5, nAChRα7, or mAChR-B individually in T5 cells alters the optomotor response and reduces T5 directional selectivity. Our findings indicate the contribution of a consortium of postsynaptic receptors to input visual processing and, thus, to the computation of motion direction in T5 cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":" ","pages":"1269-1284.e6"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell biology: A new dynamin superfamily protein remodels mitochondrial dynamics.","authors":"Hassan Hashimi","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.01.069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dynamin superfamily proteins mediate mitochondrial fusion in fungi and animals. A new study expands the taxonomic reach of this superfamily and provides insights into the roles these proteins play by investigating MfnL, a family member involved in trypanosomal mitochondrial dynamics. Importantly, MfnL occurs widely in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 6","pages":"R218-R221"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facultative parthenogenesis.","authors":"Ellie B W Smith, David M Shuker","doi":"10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.02.039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ellie Smith and David Shuker introduce facultative parthenogenesis, the ability of organisms to alternate between sexual and asexual reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":11359,"journal":{"name":"Current Biology","volume":"35 6","pages":"R204-R206"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}