Doklady Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Etruscan Wolf Canis etruscus (Canidae, Carnivora) from the Early Pleistocene of Crimea (Taurida Cave).","authors":"A V Lavrov, M V Sotnikova, D O Gimranov, J Madurell-Malapeira, A V Lopatin","doi":"10.1134/S0012496624701308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496624701308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cranial and mandibular fragments of the medium-sized canid from the Early Pleistocene locality of Taurida cave (about 1.8-1.5 Ma) in Crimea are described and included in the hypodigm of the species Canis etruscus Forsyth Major, 1877, a common member of the Late Villafranchian fauna of the Circum-Mediterranean region. This species is reported for the first time from the Northern Black Sea region. The discovered evidence reinforce previous published idea regarding the periodically use of the Taurida cave by canids and other large predators as a den and shelter.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Effect on Bacterial Biofilms Change with the Development of Antibiotic Resistance in the Probiotic Strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 8p-a3.","authors":"O A Chernova, A R Kayumov, M I Markelova, V V Salnikov, M P Kutyreva, A A Khannanov, M S Fedorova, D E Zhuravleva, N B Baranova, D A Faizullin, Yu F Zuev, V M Chernov","doi":"10.1134/S0012496624600246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496624600246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Significant changes in lactobacillus-derived extracellular membrane vesicles, which transfer lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids, were for the first time observed to accompany the development of resistance to antibiotics (amoxicillin and clarithromycin) in vitro in the probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 8p-a3. The changes occur together with large-scale genome rearrangements, changes in the profile of phenotypic sensitivity to antimicrobials of various groups, and evolution of virulence. Changes in vesicles affected their structure, composition, and activity against biofilms of opportunistic bacteria. The data provide for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of microbial survival under selective pressure of antimicrobials, the functional potential of probiotic vesicles, and probiotic safety assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Storage Methods on the Vitality and Growth Rate of Macrofungi.","authors":"N S Komissarov, M Yu Dyakov, L V Garibova","doi":"10.1134/S0012496624701278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496624701278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The work contains a comparative analysis of methods for storing pure cultures of macrofungi. The study used 20 species of macrofungi from various taxonomic and ecological-trophic groups. Storage was carried out using five methods: serial subculturing, storage under a layer of distilled water and three cryopreservation protocols: a protocol using blocks of agar medium, a \"perlite protocol,\" and a \"grain protocol.\" For the selected cryostorage methods, various cryoprotective compounds (glycerol, trehalose) were used. Radial growth rate was used as a criterion for the state of crops. The values of the radial growth rate obtained immediately after isolation of the pure culture were chosen as the control. It has been shown that the most favorable for preserving the physiological activity of cultures are the storage method under a layer of distilled water, \"perlite\" and \"grain\" cryopreservation protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of Northwestern and North Caucasian Populations of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici by Virulence and Microsatellite Loci in 2022.","authors":"E I Gultyaeva, E L Shaydayuk","doi":"10.1134/S0012496624701291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496624701291","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst)) is a potentially dangerous disease of wheat. Genetic protection of wheat is an environmentally safe method to control the disease, but its successful application requires information on the structure of regional populations of the pathogen. Virulence and molecular polymorphism were characterized in two Russian Pst populations in 2022. Wheat leaves with Pst urediniopustules were collected from the North Caucasus (Krasnodar Krai, Dagestan, and Kalmykia) and Northwestern Russia (Leningrad Oblast). Virulence was tested on 14 isogenic lines (AvocetNIL) and 15 differentiator cultivars. Polymorphism at 20 microsatellite loci was evaluated in molecular analyses. The SSR markers were as recommended by the Global Rust Reference Center. Virulence was assessed in 74 monopustular isolates, including 29 Dagestan, 10 Krasnodar, 5 Kalmyk, and 30 Northwestern ones. Resistance to all isolates was observed in lines with the genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24, and Yr26 and the cultivars Moro (Yr10, YrMor) and Nord Desprez (Yr3, YrND, Yr+). Isolates virulent to the AvYr17 line were detected for the first time in the Dagestan and Krasnodar populations. Their occurrence was moderate (13%) in the Northwestern population. A significant variation was observed in lines and cultivars with the Yr1 and Yr3 genes. Virulence to Yr7 and YrSp was found to be lower than in 2019 to 2021. In total, 28 phenotypes (races) were determined in the virulence analysis (15 in Dagestan, 11 in the Northwestern region, 3 in Krasnodar, and 2 in Kalmykia). A common phenotype was detected in three North Caucasian Pst samples. Genetic distances between the phenotypes were estimated. Most phenotypes grouped together in a multidimensional diagram, with the exception of three Dagestan phenotypes with the fewest virulence alleles. Based on the Fst index, the Dagestan and Kalmyk Pst collections were high similar to each other and differed moderately from the other collections. Long-term trends in virulence (from 2019 to 2022) were assessed in the Pst populations. A high similarity was observed between all regional population samples in 2019 and 2020. The Northwestern and Dagestan populations slightly differed from the other populations in 2021 and 2022. In 2022, the Krasnodar and Kalmyk populations formed separate groups, which differed from each other and from the main group. The long-term virulence analysis indicated that the structure of Pst populations is highly dynamic in Russia. All North Caucasian isolates and 23 Northwestern isolates were used in the SSR analysis. Six loci (RYN3, RYN9, RYN12, WU6, RJO21, and RJO24) were monomorphic. Three polymorphic alleles were identified in each of the RYN13 and RJO27 loci; two alleles, in each of the remaining loci examined. Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed for most loci. The observed heterozygosity exceeded the expected one, suggesting a clonal origin of the Pst popu","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Herbs Decreases Selectively in Communities Dominated by Invasive Tree Acer negundo.","authors":"D V Veselkin, D I Dubrovin, O S Rafikova","doi":"10.1134/S0012496624600076","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0012496624600076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We tested whether one of the consequences predicted for alien plant invasion by the mutualism disruption hypothesis was true in the case of the ash-leaved maple Acer negundo L. The study aimed to determine whether the occurrences of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal herbs varied similarly or differently in communities with varying degrees of A. negundo dominance. The analysis included the results of 78 vegetation descriptions carried out in Belarusian Polesia, the Middle Volga region, and the Middle Urals. Communities with or without A. negundo dominance were described in each region. The mycorrhizal status of plant species was determined using the FungalRoot Database. Species that are more likely to form arbuscular mycorrhiza were found to occur less frequently in A. negundo thickets. On the contrary, a higher probability of the nonmycorrhizal status was associated with a lower frequency of detection in A. negundo thickets. Therefore, the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal herbs was found to selectively decrease in communities dominated by A. negundo.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"225-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Point Mutations in the M Domain of PCID2 Impair Its Function in mRNA Export in Drosophila melanogaster.","authors":"Yu A Vdovina, S G Georgieva, D V Kopytova","doi":"10.1134/S0012496624600167","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0012496624600167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The PCID2 protein is a component of the eukaryotic TREX-2 complex, which is responsible for mRNA export from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. We have previously shown that Drosophila melanogaster PCID2 is involved in specific mRNA recognition and identified the key amino acids responsible for its interaction with the ras2 RNA. In this work, point mutations of the amino acids were shown to disrupt the PCID2 interaction with cell RNAs and to distort the export of polyA-containing mRNAs from the nucleus into the cytoplasm in Drosophila cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"112-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tip-Tugai Cave, the First Cave Hyena Crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823) Den Found in the Urals.","authors":"D R Khantemirov, A V Kochnev, T V Strukova, D O Gimranov, P A Kosintsev","doi":"10.1134/S001249662470114X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S001249662470114X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Tip-Tugai Cave (52°59'28.6″ N, 57°00'22.3″ E) is described as a new site with cave hyena Crocuta spelaea fossils. The bone-bearing layer was dated to marine isotope stage (MIS) 3 based on the species composition of the fauna of large and small mammals. Finds of abundant remains of cave hyenas of different ages and bones of large herbivores with hyena gnaw marks indicated that the Tip-Tugai Cave was used as a hyena den in the Late Pleistocene. This is the first cave hyena den described in the Urals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"168-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Oldest Swallow (Aves: Passeriformes: Hirundinidae) from the Upper Lower Miocene of Southeastern Siberia.","authors":"N V Volkova","doi":"10.1134/S0012496624600258","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0012496624600258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new genus and species of fossil swallows, Miochelidon eschata gen. et sp. nov., are described from the Lower Miocene of the Baikal region. This is the only Miocene representative of Hirundinidae and the oldest fossil record of the group. The coracoid of Miochelidon combines generalized and specialized features, suggesting a basal position in the family for the genus. The ulna has a more advanced morphology, like in modern swallows. The find indicates a widespread distribution of basal swallows in the Early Miocene.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"261-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Composition of Seeds in Soybean Glycine soja (Fabaceae) of Amur Oblast.","authors":"S I Lavrent'yeva, L E Ivachenko, A A Blinova, O N Bondarenko, V A Kuznetsova","doi":"10.1134/S0012496624701114","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0012496624701114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The wild soybean Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc. is an ancestor of the cultivated soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. and a source of many valuable genes missing in the G. max genome, including genes that determine stress resistance to adverse environmental factors. Biochemical parameters (protein, oil, ascorbic acid, carotene, higher fatty acids, and specific activities and multiple forms of enzymes of the oxidoreductase and hydrolase classes) were studied in five G. soja accessions from the collection of the All-Russian Institute of Soybean (КА-1413, КА-342, КBl-29, КBl-24, and Kеl-72). The accessions provide unique natural gene banks. Wild seeds were collected in three districts (Arkharinskii, Blagoveshchensk, and Belogorskii) of Amur Oblast. Based on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), ribonuclease (RNase), acid phosphatase, esterase, and amylase (AML) activities and biochemical parameters of seeds, the G. soja accession KA-1413 was found to have higher contents of protein, oleic acid, and linolenic acid; a lower polyphenol oxidase specific activity; and higher activities of SODs, esterases, and RNases. The accession KA-1413 was therefore recommended to use as a source of dominant genes in breeding to increase the adaptive potential of new soybean varieties. A higher heterogeneity of multiple forms was observed for SOD, AML, RNase, and esterase, which can provide markers of adaptation to environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"194-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cheetah Acinonyx pardinensis (Felidae, Carnivora) from the Early Pleistocene of Crimea (Taurida Cave).","authors":"D O Gimranov, J Madurell-Malapeira, Q Jiangzuo, A V Lavrov, A V Lopatin","doi":"10.1134/S0012496624701175","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0012496624701175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A mandible fragment of Acinonyx pardinensis (Croizet et Jobert, 1828) is described from the Early Pleistocene locality in the Taurida cave (Crimea, Late Villafranchian, about 1.8-1.5 Ma). This is the first discovery of the genus Acinonyx in the Pleistocene of Crimea. Along with other felids, such as Homotherium, Megantereon, Panthera, Lynx, and Puma, cheetahs were typical representatives of the Late Villafranchian faunas of Eurasia. In the Taurida locality, Acinonyx pardinensis is co-occurred with Homotherium crenatidens, Megantereon adroveri, and Lynx issiodorensis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"234-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}