Doklady Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Calcipostia guttulata (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) in Russia.","authors":"I V Zmitrovich, D A Shabunin, N V Bukharova, V V Perelygin","doi":"10.1134/S0012496625700036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496625700036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this work was to summarize the data on the ecological, biological, and morphological features of Calcipostia guttulata (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) by using the original materials, revised herba-rium specimens, data on molecular barcoding of original collections, the available literature, and iconography and information stored on the GBIF portal. It was shown that C. guttulata is a widespread, but rare polypore in the Holarctic; is confined to the early stages of drying of coniferous stands, primarily spruce forests; and is a poorly studied headwood pathogen and a saprotroph that colonizes coniferous deadwood and, less often, fallen trees. The morphological diagnosis of C. guttulata was clarified. Its substrate spectrum, distribution, and relationships with insects, which are important for forest pathology, have been identified most fully to date. The conservation status of the species and the prospects for its use in biotechnology are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphophysiological and Biochemical Characteristics of the Gonads in the Kalkan Scophthalmus maeoticus torosus (Scophthalmidae) during Maturation and Spawning in the Sea of Azov.","authors":"S A Murzina, V P Voronin, L I Bulli, O E Bitiytskaya, N N Nemova","doi":"10.1134/S0012496625600344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496625600344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Morphophysiological parameters of oocytes were studied in the Azov turbot (kalkan) Scophthalmus maeoticus torosus during maturation and spawning in the Sea of Azov. The fatty acid composition was additionally determined in three (cranial, middle, and caudal) regions of the gonad in each individual fish. The dynamics of the morphophysiological characteristics and the fatty acid composition of eggs was observed over the spawning period. Two physiologically significant fatty acids, oleic and docosahexaenoic, were found to dominate in eggs. Opposite trends were detected in their contents, i.e., the docosahexaenoic acid content at the beginning of spawning was higher than in the peak spawning period, when oleic acid prevailed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Data on the Camel (Camelus cf. knoblochi Nehring, 1901) from the Middle Pleistocene (Chibanian) of Western Transbaikalia (Russia).","authors":"N P Kalmykov","doi":"10.1134/S0012496625600174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496625600174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Morphological features of the humerus and forearm were described for a Middle Pleistocene (Chibanian) camel, previously unknown from Western Transbaikalia. While all previous finds in Central Asia included mostly hand and foot bones, fossils from the Selenga Middle Mountains (Ust-Kiran locality, Chikoy River valley) provide a rare opportunity to most fully outline the morphosculpture of the long tubular bones of the forelimb. Morphological features indicate that the bones belonged to the camel Camelus cf. knoblochi, and their sizes indicate that the camel was significantly larger than the Pliocene and modern forms. The camel inhabited various biotopes in the middle mountains with widespread foothill trains directed towards river valleys and intermountain depressions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phoma-like Fungi Associated with Convolvulaceae Plants.","authors":"M M Gomzhina, E L Gasich","doi":"10.1134/S0012496625700061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496625700061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Didymellaceae is one of the largest families of the order Pleosporales and includes the main genera of Phoma-like fungi, namely, Ascochyta, Didymella, Stagonosporopsis, etc. Certain wild plants of the family Convolvulaceae plants are among the most harmful weeds and act as an exceptional source of biodiversity of Phoma-like fungi, including Didymellaceae species. Reliable and correct species identification in Phoma-like fungi is only possible in the context of the Consolidated Species Concept (CSC), by combining molecular phylogenetic, micromorphologcial, and cultural features. Leaves of Convolvulaceae weeds with signs of spot diseases were collected during a long-term phytosanitary monitoring of industrial crop fields and natural and ruderal areas. More than 200 isolates of Phoma-like fungi were isolated in pure cultures. Of these, 28 strains preliminarily identified as Didymellaceae species were selected. The objective of this work was to identify the strains according to the CSC. A multilocus phylogenetic analysis was based on the nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large-subunit (28S) rDNA, the tub2 β-tubulin gene, and the rpb2 gene for the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. The strains were assigned to 18 Didymellaceae species, including Ascochyta erotica, Didymella americana, D. bellidis, D. glomerata, D. macrostoma, D. pomorum, D. pseudomacrophylla, D. segeticola, D. sinensis, D. tanaceti, Epicoccum convolvulicola, E. pseudoplurivorum, Nothophoma brennandiae, N. gossypiicola, Phomatodes nebulosa, Stagonosporopsis caricae, S. heliopsidis, and S. inoxydabilis. All of the species were for the first time detected on plants of the Convolvulaceae family. Seven species (D. bellidis, D. segeticola, D. sinensis. D. tanaceti, N. brennandiae, P. nebulosa, and S. caricae) were for the first time detected in Russia. Stagonosporopsis heliopsidis was for the first time found in Kazakhstan. In addition to detailed phylogenetic data, detailed descriptions of the cultural and micromorphological features of the species are provided in the article.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Cellulase Activity of Schizophyllum commune EO22 in Binary Associations with Streptomycetes.","authors":"I G Shirokikh, N A Bokov, A A Shirokikh","doi":"10.1134/S0012496625700048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496625700048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A search for new methods for activating and controlling the enzymatic activity of cellulose destructor organisms through joint cultivation is an important problem. Schizophyllum commune is a xylobiont basidiomycete from the group of white rot fungi, is known for its biotechnological versatility, but has still not found efficient application in bioconversion of agricultural wastes and, in particular, cereal straw. The strain Sc. commune EO22 was used to assess the possibility of creating artificial bacterial-fungal associations for the development of an efficient strategy to utilize straw as a by-product of crop production. Streptomyces bacteria possessing cellulolytic activity were co-cultured with S. commune EO22. The dynamics of cellulase activity was determined in Sc. commune EO22 monocultures and binary cultures with Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus Mb4-2, St. thermocarboxydus T1-3, St. hygroscopicus N27-25, and \"St. ryensis\" H13-3. The cultures were grown in a liquid mineral medium with straw as the only carbon source. Cellulase activity of the Sc. commune EO22 binary cultures with each of the bacterial strains reached its maximum 3-6 days earlier than in the fungal monoculture (a maximum was reached on day 7) under the same conditions. Co-culture with the strain Mb4-2 did not significantly increase the cellulase activity (122 ± 13.1 units/ml) as compared with the fungal monoculture (114.4 ± 37.1 units/ml). Maximum cellulase activities of the binary associations with the strains T1-3, N27-25, and H13-3 exceeded the maximum activity of the Sc. commune EO22 monoculture by factors of 2.3, 1.6, and 1.3, respectively. The degree of straw decomposition was inferred from the weight loss and found to increase by 10.3, 2.3, and 22.4%, respectively, as compared with the fungal monoculture. Decrease in straw weight did not correlate significantly with cellulase activity in the experiment. The results indicate that artificial bacterial-fungal associations provide a promising means for efficient destruction of straw and other cellulose-containing wastes from crop production.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Find of Yellow-Necked Mouse (Apodemus flavicollis, Muridae, Rodentia) on the Western Slope of the Middle Urals (Starik Rock Shelter, Late Holocene).","authors":"E P Izvarin, A I Ulitko, N G Smirnov","doi":"10.1134/S0012496625600253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496625600253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone remains of the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) were identified and described from Holocene deposits at the Starik rock shelter (River Serga, Olenyi Ruchyi Nature Park, Middle Urals). The specimens, collected during 2008 excavations, are housed in the museum collection of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology. The stratigraphic context dates to 200-300 years BP. Dental morphometrics match both modern and Holocene A. flavicollis populations from the Urals. The specimen is the first and only find documenting the occurrence of the species in the Middle Urals and provides important evidence for understanding the historical distribution of the species at the eastern margin of its modern range.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rest and Sleep in the Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibious).","authors":"O I Lyamin, J M Siegel","doi":"10.1134/S0012496625600411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496625600411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rest and sleep states of an adult pair of hippopotamuses (Hippopotamus amphibius) and their two-month-old calf are described in a zoo (Tampa, United States). During the day, the animals spent an equal amount of time on land and in water; at night, they spent on average 76% of their time in water. Rest occupied 48-53% of the 24-hour period (11.4-12.8 h). On land, the animals rested in a lying position (18% of rest in the calf); in water-lying, sitting, or standing on the bottom with nostrils, eyes, and ears above the surface (80% in the female), or submerged and lying on the bottom (29% in the calf). All displayed eye jerks and twitches featured characteristics of REM sleep. On land, 98% of breathing pauses lasted <30 s. In water, they ranged from 4 to 145 s, with most lasting <1 min. The male's eyes were closed more often (up to 72%), the female's partially open (84%). Slow wave sleep in the hippopotamus is likely bilaterally symmetrical, as in terrestrial mammals. The female's sleep was more fragmented, less deep and less vigilant due to calf care.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty Acid Composition of Juvenile Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha during Downstream Migration from the River Indera to the White Sea.","authors":"S N Khurtina, V P Voronin, D I Manoilova, D A Efremov, N N Nemova, S A Murzina","doi":"10.1134/S0012496625600393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496625600393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fatty acid (FA) composition was studied in pink salmon smolts during their migration (from start to ending) in the Indera River and in an experiment with stationary cages (in the river, the estuary, and the White Sea), taking account of differences in water temperature and salinity. Changes in the quantitative composition of FAs (higher contents of total saturated (SFAs) and monounsaturated (MUFAs) FAs and a lower content of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs)) were found in smolts in the middle of their downstream migration and in an experimental group kept in cages in the sea for 72 h. The qualitative composition of major FAs (16:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:5(n-3), and 22:6(n-3)) was the same in all of the study groups and was similar to that at earlier stages of pink salmon development. Variations in the contents of 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) were observed in experimental smolt groups that confirmed the important role of these PUFAs in adaptation of pink salmon smolts to the transition from a freshwater river ecosystem to living in the sea.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and Structure of Fungal and Heterotrophic Bacterial Communities in Surface Benthic Sediments of the Kara Sea.","authors":"D Yu Vlasov, A L Bryukhanov, I Yu Kirtsideli, A V Kurakov","doi":"10.1134/S0012496625700024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496625700024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal and prokaryotic communities in unique ecosystems of Arctic seas are important to study for understanding global biogeochemical cycles and developing approaches to bioremediation of the ecosystems. High-throughput sequencing of the variable regions ITS1/ITS2 (in fungal genomes) and V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene (in bacterial genomes) was performed to study the species composition and taxonomic structure of fungal and heterotrophic bacterial communities in surface benthic sediments of the Kara Sea from depths of 16-417 m. The fungal biome was dominated by operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Ascomycota (more than 50% of ITS reads in each of the 12 samples), which was followed by the division Basidiomycota (10-20%). Сhytridiomycota accounted for no more than 2% of ITS reads. No significant differences in the mycobiome structure of Kara Sea benthic sediments were found depending on the sampling depth. OTUs of Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes (Aspergillaceae) prevailed. Basidiomycetes were represented mainly by yeasts of the families Filobasidiaceae, Malasseziaceae, Sporidiobolaceae, and Tremellaceae. According to fluorescence microscopy, the total number of fungal propagules ranged 207-546 thousand spores and mycelial fragments per 1 g benthic sediment and was minimum at greater depths. At all of the stations examined, sediments were found to contain numerous aerobic heterotrophic bacteria belonging to various families, orders, and classes of the phyla Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobiota, Gemmatimonadota, Myxococcota, and Acidobacteriota. Interestingly, nucleotide sequences characteristic of strict anaerobes were detected in oxidized surface benthic sediments of the Kara Sea. The set included sulfate-reducing bacteria of the phylum Thermodesulfobacteriota and chemoheterotrophic bacteria of Anaerolineae (phylum Chloroflexota). The data obtained in the study significantly expand our knowledge of the diversity of fungi and bacteria, which are key heterotrophic organisms that destroy organic matter in benthic sediments of Arctic seas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of Russian Yellow Rust Populations in 2023 As Revealed with Virulence Tests and SSR Markers.","authors":"E I Gultyaeva, E L Shaydayuk","doi":"10.1134/S0012496625700073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0012496625700073","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The severity of wheat yellow rust, which is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), has increased worldwide in the past decades. The aim of this work was to characterize the virulence and molecular polymorphism of Russian Pst populations in 2023. Leaves with Pst urediniopustules were collected in the Northwestern (Leningrad oblast), North Caucasian (Dagestan and Krasnodar Krai) and Lower Volga (Saratov oblast) regions. Fourteen isogenic lines (AvocetNIL) and 15 differentiator varieties served as virulence testers. Twenty markers recommended by the Global Rust Reference Center were used in microsatellite analysis. SCAR markers (SCP19M: 24a1, 24a2, 26a1, and 26a2) were involved to a search for the invasive races PstS1 and PstS2. Virulence analysis included 70 isolates: 34 from Dagestan, 12 from Krasnodar Krai, 6 from Saratov oblast, and 18 from Leningrad oblast. The genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24, and Yr26 showed a high efficiency. An increase in virulence was noted for the Yr17 gene, which was previously efficient in Russia. No significant changes in virulence frequencies were detected for the other Yr genes. High phenotypic diversity was characteristic of the regional Pst populations in 2023, like in 2019-2022. In total, 45 phenotypes (races) were detected (23 in the Dagestan, 3 in the Krasnodar, 2 in the Saratov, and 17 in the Leningrad collection). Two common virulence phenotypes were observed in the Krasnodar and Leningrad Pst collections. According to the Fst index, the Dagestan, Krasnodar, and Leningrad populations were highly similar, while the Saratov population was moderately differentiated from them. Microsatellite analysis included 55 (28 Dagestan, 18 Leningrad, 6 Krasnodar, and 3 Saratov) isolates. Ten out of 20 loci were found to be polymorphic, each having two alleles. Significant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed for 11 loci. Genotypic diversity of the geographic populations by microsatellite loci was lower than by virulence tests. Twenty multilocus genotypes (MGs) were detected in total (14 in the Dagestan, 7 in the Leningrad, 2 in the Krasnodar, and 1 in the Saratov collection). Common MGs were found in the Dagestan, Krasnodar, and Leningrad Pst collections (MG_1); the Dagestan and Leningrad collections (MG_2); and the Dagestan and Saratov collections (MG_3). Three MGs (MG_4-MG_6) were each observed in at least two isolates; the others, in a single isolate. As in the virulence analysis, the Dagestan, Krasnodar, and Leningrad populations were highly similar in SSR markers (Fst index), and the Saratov population differed moderately. Mantel's test showed a high correlation between the virulence and microsatellite results (r = 0.93). Using the SCAR markers, single PstS2 isolates of were identified in the Leningrad and Dagestan populations, like in previous years. A high variability of the Russian yellow rust populations was thus established in the combined analysis, warranting annual studies ","PeriodicalId":11351,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145285833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}